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Apurvi LINUX PDF

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
171 views

Apurvi LINUX PDF

Uploaded by

sandy candy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Available Formats
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Chaples 2. > Types oR Bash Shot a 1a FE Sh os Bourne Shell a ry ov! i ~oviginal ahell = basic shell gmat proquam Few Pealthe Vs —not a gtandasd shell wl + bash ox Bousne Again shell wit = ~stondasd @NU shell sintuitive Pedblg” ie ~ advisable — beginning ake powetal oot odvance #. peer"! - guperzet oF Bourne shelly’ 23 oe ~get of add-ons % plug-ind owt ~ command width gh, algo work - babe |S ‘ ome 4 esh os C shell oe —ayntox - gimilas to © long. asked fos by proqsammers ek Tt & } speed. ct He Legh es Tewex, ¢ shell ~ superset of © shell’ - enhancing uses Piiendlines + te Kah ov Khad ahasts!t bt pt | ~gupeet io? 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HAW AT és G . — do change edssent working dicate Swop current - previous word = bse proyexs ayntox ane Gat T ‘ 8d command, directory “Ole Sarsitige “ last © characters before curio Jin not game o% /BIN c with eodh odney a : — % Chely pn Z cd Copions | { Diseotosy) 5g —undo last Key press vn | e ~ undo muitiple Fame -vepeab ; Options - -L, -P, -€ e eNanage command in hi F - edu ¢ tn etonl Wet ghoateuk 40. qet beak home deel HH Rivet cooy ig a ede ‘ ce manage -bash-hishisy - Stoves, all a commands used before qo 4 parent diveckosy @ 7 en» oa e ei wont te vemore ahs Pie — © to previous diveahry ol we m0 home /mega bytes /- bash hiskoy 4 p : e = should at wot to do thre tk mkdix « — @& name ghovt? with « —hidden Mle — to make fexeote new divectory O| nosmal wley cannot gee : eq: midiy dt e FE Second oo die divectory name a : ot -adminiatoring bistory Piles = ge aman uding history corommand Gebel 3 oe rr inieyral command used only ten diseckoy clea a imp option by Gall rr ‘Scanned with CamScanner ZI Scanned with CamScanner sy mv 6 . i change name of dis eotosy . move diveodory 3 mv olddis neodisname olddis — cusrert name newdisname - new nae O YFP Working widh Files oe 4s do liet Ries so 9 Ve with no option a Ries , div. - bave fosmmat ® ik ds -1 1 is chasaader no m0 AS shows Bile dix R gire , date dime mame ,ownesy Vy spe oe £8 pesmirston -LSolse called long listing Pre IF -a LS Wet an files even hidden files ea stating with '! 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Type BAs to verify’ that you ace, contents of Use . B. Use te uMount /dev[sdbt to 4vy to dismount U2 Note: coon’ wore as till in dxeatony "device 18 busy” - exsow meszage 4. Vee ed without axquments 4hig take shell out of direotony 2 Working aidh Links |= enables to. access ingle file Drom APP. loon ' Creating Backups creguired to backup imp Mea, — tex most common cammand ceceekeeegn Steinar Po a anpeoecetc?e Atos [-options) / location /o® new] Piledax — /Pilex|4o /oxchive Opkiona® =e Cemate’ <2 Creaa!ttol bom). | \ -t (igh content of -tos Pte ‘<3 (append +o «tax Pre) Prats (verbose) teile everything its doing Coxtact contents of stax Ble) e annpann 2222” “ -x% v Ceompress Pres) ¢ “7 Scanned with CamScanner Scanned with CamScanner Raa 4 > Trafativg, 2 Urdotny Rockages widh yar 4. Te install package type “ae qui install dhep 2+ Command wake Pos contiewation Cyn) WS Plution to dependencies izeue WBbkroion oa dun CHelocodeq vpdaie. \N Manager) LVirsattation source ja aceept all defautt vse 4 papers y ae wxew want install yam ivetall -4 package—nome, YBantax 2.To uplote package v4 update eghion yiruum inatall packagenome, +e yum update kesne) a DWistaite atl requiaed paakage with | emo,’ package Use Mm edepen dencies ha ven WY Qrearting own ~sepositomes ae yum vemove MOP a Deeseaterepo eormand ~ to create, > Quesying Software, rrepoaitomeb 1. To query ingtailed package U%e " Greate directory ~ con used to stove ab xpm -q > eee 2- Command 40 qenexate list of all > tH mkdits /moyrepo RPM package installed on computes BH Conneat RHEL CO D open Package sh gah a eh = 3. To show which package ‘have been WBBart cuer 2 open desminal modified since inwtatlation Ute “Type ga to gain oot privilege, ae apm -qa Ge toll extaterepo package ‘pm options Br Copy al -spm Plea /myrepo ~V Cant vesbose, infor) OF Sreators —f install package) Se oF fost -v- Cupqeade) © change working dneectory ay pe Bcd /myrepe -V (vest) ® Create ep using crealerep? qu (query all currently installed packogd) pe Comma. D si exeatesepo /rnysep > Scanned with CamScanner Scanned with CamScanner es, —> Reclowe, damage package 1. Use wm PB fuse /abin /modem -m anagex R. Use pm -q lugs /gbiny Irnodem manages Shows dhat Pile comes Prom modem -manag er packags 8. Copy ModemMonager Poakage Pile Prom RNEL ep package diseckorsy to /mynewrepodivectory by wing ep ModemManager xversiony Amynewrepe command 4. Change diveotory to /mynewrepe 5 VSe vpmdepid lepto -idmv ModemManages eteia Poxttbion ° 2 Ne we more shank , : Merv port’ can have one CP richy df epee gical |” Ratition ee inside EP = Omax MW pard® pew dick =e cxeate. Ple sys. on top of , TZ PMeaieal pate Pines To Partition Type 8; DeFault Swop space ee ii ! i LYM physical, valume | —> File aystems | | = Ged much bebey —¥ Bleps to ceate, PUMA position 4. Type Pdisk -cu dev /sde 4o hoot piers 2. Type J delete engting gon Yotlowed by it I ports no 8. Type 0 40 esate new por” fos primary . then creating primary otto ons fox ports np. (1-4) | 5. Enlex pown size in K- kilobgtes, | ie Plegabyhes | 03 G- Gigabytes | g. Tak? created - To print port” table } ‘qper —> Steps L. Typo Paiak ~cu /dev lade fo Stork poDcers ; & Type nto, create, new portition, 8. Type e@ fos er. A. Do' nok? ender’ past gies. rea Enter to select all available spare. 8. ford exgoted To print part teble: ype Pp [a Tyee P sho cxeahe, logical partition Hy eth ~doPautt Pile’ sustem = qeneval puspose File ayskem a Rt 213 — predecessor of Ext4 Me sys: wm no qood waton fos Ext 218 Scanned with CamScanner Scanned with CamScanner nit 2 rhaples 5 aaleiong Priory Potion infor > Kivddde party] 4 written in MAR Sa 4 partity erated even iP 8k available Nc kPoce Ry 4 postition in table eo more nan & Qe Srkeded Partition SWC eke move chon 7 Mary pare” can have one CP Berea Partition Dresaled inside EP i pes dick On cueate Re sys. on top of ‘col parte ie ex ID Portihion Type 83 DePaul go Swop space Cr) ee Ge LvMt physical vclume SOIT TTS V7 ¥ Bleps to create: primary parsttion - Type 4 Pdisk ~cu /dev /ade ato host process 2. Type d delete enrtng port” Valowed by 4 | porte no. &. Type n to cxtote mec por a Type fors Grimary. When ates gaimary oleo ost, for ports ng. (1-4) 5. Entes porwr gre in K- kilobytes, M- Megabytes 0% G- Gigabyter G. Terk” ergated . To grint porte table ype p > Sleps to crtake logical partition L. Type +8 Pick -cu /dev fade do short poocens &. Type nm to crtate new partition 8. Type ¢ fos ep 4. Do not? ender port? gine: tres Enter +o select all avoilable spare. 5: Pook” exoled. To print pavtr table ype p > File systems a Uxth ~ default Pile system —qenevol purpose ile aystem a Ret 213 = predecessor af Exk4 Me sys =~ GxA4g much betey % Re qood yeaton, os Ext 2a Scanned with CamScanner Scanned with CamScanner | | xe —purchated separately = oPRew qood peshrmance - laxqe Pile sys — GAG has Improved , so PmpCY performance best fox xFS AE BisPa next qenexation oF Linox Pile es ~osqonited ~- diff, mannes bored on B-hwe db 30 Pile sys Posler HE veat $ MG-D08 | -uselal to put Rles on u86 dnve — purpose! exchange file omong Window oes He OGFS — RH Global File ystem = deviqned ~ ute - high ovoilabilidy clatter ~ multiple node ~orile ~same file~ ai mattaneously > Ceeate Fle System A. Get Viet of all powt® using Pdisk on Ideviedb pot™ ! ae Ddisk cul /devIsdb a. We can gee Mdevisdbd part. on ghis extote hile system 3. Befose erecting check whedker pots iS empty. Use mount /dev{ gdb front IP command fails - good Ih quecas ~ check - no files you twoant to keep on part? by vesthing content of diveotosy Eto doesn} vie File aq8 journal J qood. choice. ~ very snail! gaition 4. Agsursing pork? emphy Hdeviadbd. to forma 3bd device 5 Once Pashed «ute mount dev [saben jy tnt to check you con mount aaj w > Resizing Logical Volumes alt = xaire2hs ale use to vesive portiton @ = rire rts ae use to expand volume ‘+o she g, | more data , shrink large into smal volume ~ when Tesne volume lso veri2e ‘x = When expand volume size also expand a Pollowed by FS se) when ghainking volume , algo shiny, File system oy - do extend volume- odd new WH Ea volume to tt es Three scenarios -weri2e logical uclome“pg = Rxtend loqdeal volume iP Shere +7Pe unatlogsted extenls in volume qxup ng = ubile extending 5 if no longes pe unallocated exit in volume THD Ne goneed to extend volume qroup m™ = Shrinking logical volume i e —¥ Wosking widh snapshot oT’ 4. Ligt all, volume groups sind a ir vgs command «l Q Mount new volume qroup “to Imat oT directory “ 4 mount [ev /megavqroup I my volamen | qrup [mat oO 8. ep fete /#I mat +0 copy Piles to « esiginal volume c e ‘Scanned with CamScanner Scanned with CamScanner % Create, new volume oF 50NB NS # tvereate -3-L 50m -1 usbvol-snap Mev /meqavg soup /myvolumen uP NY Chek newly. created grapshot \ Volyme Hive Create temporary reounting point how snapshot. And mount dy der Trnegavqnoup fusbielsnap + Tent wmkdis front. DBE rrourt dev Imegavgroup lasbvol-snap Ye font FaSicthch fo fmt and remove al bles De cd fat dy xm bX Pronange book to /mni2. check all rates hove Prscrete mesqe oF gnapahot into original volume at next volun é Prractivotion sp tvenole. --mesqee Idev /megav raroup /uBbvel- snap AB _Uomourt fat D front mop Deactivate 2 aren activate, 04 ‘Volume. TP gee esos wlating to Now/lbck > ; ireotony siqnore it ro : mpi, Use da /mnt command to M8 content of mat Auvectory As. mot Scanned with CamScanner Scanned with CamScanner r ne = T v hep 6 oe » 9 Runlere! o Rarlovels —reboots s4ster® od $ Raster 0 > wading cidh sesview © Shot sunevel sa’ cleat, AL. eesvice ° Sep "8 4% shale down Syntox'. | & _YPMut sun level af seavtte seeuice-name stot Istop DSS Rano 4 ‘eeshost | shatuss | sore more option - : —manage® gesipts in Jetelinited Bom -— Shad iy Single uses mode dixeotovy >y, Wat utes —Io9 in A. chkconh'g BY Cort stort ; . Syntaxt - ay Sevice, ehoorcing mutter ‘Hehkeong gesuice—name onl oP? (rat 25 ideal ~ aye odminishates 2D 40 pesfosm ~ X38. maintginance aah. : 2 Ranlevel 9. ee S48 ~mutkuses mode, 2 SS docs stort nehwonks 2 “UE Runlevel 3 nae = Bimilos to runlevel 2 os except - nehoorking tasted ~gcormmon sunlevel - eaves bated aye | sedo vol vrequixe - qsaphical enviwn db » A Runlevol 4 ™?= 5 UndeRned ses can We cenfiqured fers custom ne 2 a 2 Runlered § a Pooks aye in nebwovked , multi teas ° Store ne Rowmon fox daktop /wosksation use INn~é » ured to enable , digable icheck stolug . Sesvice command display OK aq ~corupletion of bark Pail— Pyiled to execute 4. To qet stobub of ntpd sewvice Stgesvice ntpd status 5 To atest nipd service # Service ted stavt 6. To stop nipd sexuree - H Bewvice nipd stop T. when ys. veboot - Sexvice will- set to dePawt etate & To get stotus of nbd seyvico # chkconig nipd tliat 4 To shad ntpd sesvice ot yunlevel # chicconRq ntpd on '0.To stop mtpd cesuice at sunlevel FH chkconhq ndpd of ‘Scanned with CamScanner Scanned with CamScanner A ILE SF iy, qt list of sesuree 2 dheis Stoke at yunteel dype + chiconRig ~- ligt To set alate of seevco in Multiple xunlevel : © chitconfig ntpd--level 2 8456 on % chkeonPig ntpd-level 246 on > Gonkqusing nehoosk wilh Dehwosk Manages qWaphipal tool ~ use to hehoowte —40 Stow on icon “click, on ton in Uppes might cosnes ot derktop — provide infor ~ orailante Pleo connn -t change leo Seb ng ~ ¥iQMh clieye on nh Manages icon Blea Edit Connn — Select wired 1 SAeak Conn, configure lick Edi} -to Change \Pviy Setting ; select jpyz tab Select method ~ to enles IP gay. Manually geled- Norval , etick add. Enies IP add. hebmasic igakuwoy inky ~ add ches inn ~ close inter Qe, ~ click nehwork mancqes digronnect , again select Sys. ethO to connay iP requive, click apply =o check setting open tesminal ond, type iPeonfty ¢ > Rely conPhqusation Pe ¢ I Pawan cles wl wl © devieg wl ~speciPy nome of device wl ] FNM. eon tRoLLep i I est LY ~Spealy whether device con wl hlo manages gesvice wl 4 Tupe 2 : In Weare. device type ol Fyptcoly és Eunernet et 4 Oneeor e I ~ indicates - device shasted, coten é Semex te of FH dePRoTE aI =P yo} -yor, a [ qotewuyy in device —used deka ase $ Pveiniy S 8b to gen P want Ho ule IPug =a ENANE =! ~ whe to set device name el leavog = e —deRines IP add: do be used on e inkesPaco e # Gateway © “fo eet qakesoy ~used ~jnePlic. ont reo cord. . e ¢ « ¢ ‘Scanned with CamScanner Scanned with CamScanner = Setting up (PVG > Using Raby on Windows, Hachive 4 .. PS ConPgusing ING ~ cany foak — do edtablith 9s connection ragret evetsary — ged IP add. 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Genesate liey fa Hehkeonhig ach on eae ae liens machine using th key fy To connect to localhost yi Feth- key Mg. 39H yp SBH ssh sect@local host ie 4. Pres Enles to select dckaut Ble Type 4 to continue , Poi ; bc rYotlowed b BS wrot password ‘ Pres Cotes oice ~ genevate B. Type exit to close SeM seasion bie: private, Kea} 2 : 2 x ‘Scanned with CamScanner Scanned with CamScanner tex ay 8. Tons patti, Care | « Key! to gewer. ~ —> Gy, Ras | Uses | ee" mandy Use ash-cepy-td — seaver “Tp-oddvens, “l”~ HE 83h -copy fd 140.168-1.6 We usesodd ol> wuted Ry adding user 4p local | 1 6. To check key bated cudhorbcation, audhention austen. ut y Login again usin senves- tp - oddveas uses med ot EY at ssh 142.1681. 6 ~v8ed! to madify progewion Por in This time doesn't ask password enlarger 1 opr # werde) oy. => Setting lp ve. ~¥8ed to delete user property from? ES System ‘ ‘ 4. 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DE fos incoming, paoket = when wer want +o conneot to CGkN™ add — yeoxiHen , happens potected geared wobsile » yt bar te/ehe needs ute, public # privole keys uted foe gore veabar Yih SNAT, MASQUERADE : DY sousce IP add ~vesi ato erexypt trafic 4o-P from sener Hen » meek He done bles WANA PPM Sp 1. ope identity of anodes povty Dy Weed. yy oes dp SNAT, elasgueRace mules -odded - Dy lOsTRooT 0G, chain pte enable NAT = ean evete manage exxtReate imp thing to odd? wo erate gel-siqned cevtiRaate~ Y iar confiqured Pox paoket need h sub-diveatory to shove, costiRicate + cexts —slovage place -Stoving all giqned PKI costiRcate ~ open Pox all public | — qpvtoin only public. Key me private key > Managing CestReates with OPEN SSL / A pewcest ~ fomposary stosage Pox - new cexdicates until they been signed ~onee signed - can -vemoved from bere ak private, — gorage - private keys - ted = direotory needs ~ proieel : cs pe key ~ stored only identity fos. 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