INSTRUCTION MAN UAL Serial Number TYPE - 454/R454 OSCILLOSCOPE Tektronix, inc SW. Millikan Way @ P. ©. Box 500 © Beaverton, Oregon 97005 @ Phone 644.0161 @ Cables: Tektronix 070-0617-00 667Type 454/Ra54 WARRANTY All Tektronix instruments are warranted against defective materials and workman- ship for one year. Tektronix tronsformers, manufactured in our own plant, are war- ranted for the life of the instrument. Any questions with respect to the war- ranty mentioned above should be taken up with your Tektronix Field Engi Tektronix repair and replacement-part service is geared directly to the field, therefore all requests for repairs and re- placement parts should be directed to the Tektronix Field Office or representative jn your area. This procedure will assure you the fastest possible service. Please clude the instrument Type ond Serial or Model Number with all requests for parts or service, Specifications and price change privi- leges reserved. Copyright © 1967 by Tektronix, Inc., Beaverton, Oregon. Printed in the United States of America. All rights reserved. Contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any form without permission of the copyright owner.Section Section Section Section Section Section Section Section Section Section 10 CONTENTS Specification Operating Instructions Cirevit Description Maintenance Performance Check Calibration Abbreviat ns ond Symbols Parts Orde 19 Information Electrical Parts List ‘Mechanical Parts List Information Mechanical Parts List Diagrams Accessories Mechanical Parts List Ullustrations Rackmounting Abbreviations ond symbols used in this manual are based on, or taken directly from, IEEE Stand- and 260 "Standard Symbols for Units”, MIL- STD-128 and other standards of the electronics industry. Change information, if any, is located at the rear of this menuall Type 454/R454Fig. 1-1. Tops the Type 454 Oseloscepe, Bottom the Type RASS Osclosope Type 454/R454Type 454/R454 SECTION 1 TYPE 454/R454 SPECIFICATION Introduction The Tektronix Type 454 Oxcillorcope is @ wide bandwidth, portable oscilloscope designed to operate in a wide range of environmental conditions. The light weight and compact design of the Type 454 allow it to be easily transported, while providing the performance necessary for accurate high- frequency measurements. The dual-channel, DC-10-150 mego- hertz vertical system provides calibrated deflection factors from 5 millivolts 10.10 volts/dvision (bandwidth is reduced ‘at the two lowest deflection factors|. Channels 1 ond 2 can be cascaded using an external cable 10 provide o one milli- volt minimum deflection factor. A bandwidth limit switch allows low-frequency, low-level signals to be viewed with re: duced interference from signals above about six megahertz The trigger circuits provide stoble triggering over the full ‘ange of vertical bandwidth. Separate trigger controls are Provided to select the desired triggering for the A and B sweeps. One of three sweep modes can be selected for A sweep; automatic triggering, normal triggering or single sweep. The horizontal deflection system provides calibrated sweep rates from five seconds to 0.05 microsecond/clvision. ‘A-X10 magnifier ellows each sweep rote to be inereated 10 times to provide a maximum sweep rate of five nanoseconds) division in the .05 us position. The delayed sweep feature TABLE 1-1 ELECTRICAL Characteristic Performance ‘VERTICAL DEFLECTION SYSTEM Dellecion Factor [SS Channel 1 or 2 eal- broted range Without probe | Five millvelts/division to 10 volts) division in 11 steps. Steps in 1-2-5 sequence. | 50 millvols7aivision to 100 volts] division in 11 steps. Steps in 1-2-5 ‘With PaOW7 Probe | sequence. Grannel Tor 2 accu racy Without probe | Within 3% of indicated deflection with GAIN correctly adjusted ot 2VIDN. With Pa037 Probe | Within 37% oF indicated delleciion with GAIN correctly adjusted ot 20mv/DW. Added mode accuracy | Within 3%, over calibrated range. Uncolibrated (vari- | Continuously variable between ble) ronge calibrated deflection factor set tings. Extends maximum uneali allows the B sweep to be delayed a selected amount from the start of A sweep to provide accurate relaive-ine measure ments. Calibrated X-¥ measurements can be made with Chan- nel 2 providing the vertical deflection and Channel 1 provid ing the horizontal deflection (TRIGGER switch set to CH 1 ONLY, HORIZ DISPLAY switch set to XY]. The regulated DC power supplies assure that instrument performance isnot ‘affected by variations in line voltage ond frequency. Total ower consumption of the instrument is about 125 watts, Information given in ths instruction manual applies to the Type R454 olzo unless otherwise indicated. The Type RAS4 is electrically identical to the Type 454 but itis adapted for ‘mounting in'a standard 19.inch rack. Rackmounting instruc- tions, a mechaniacl parts list and @ dimensional drawing for the Type R45é are provided in section 10 of this manuel. This instrument will meet the electrical characteristics listed in Table 1-1 following complete calibration os given in Section 6. The performance check procedure given in Section 5 provides a convenient method to check instrument performance without making internal checks or adjustments The following electrical characteristics apply over @ cali- bration interval of 1000 hours and on ambient temperature range of —15°C to +55°C, except as otherwise indicated. Warmup time for given accuracy is 20 minutes, ‘Characteristic Performance brated deflection factor fo atleast 25 volts/division. Gannels Vand 2 cas | One millvaltdivsion mimo ceded (uncalibrated) | with signal connected to INPUT CH1, CH 1 OUT connected to IN- PUT CH 2 through 50-ohm 18: inch RG-SBA/U BNC cable, CH 1 and 2 VOLTS/DIV switches set 10 SmV, MODE witch et to CH 2 ___| and TRIGGER switch sot to NORM. Low-Frequency Linearity [0.1 division of less compression or expansion of @ center screen tWo- division signal when positioned to the top and bottom of the graf cule area, Bandwidth ot —348 Points with Four-division Reference (CH 1 and CH 2 VARIABLE controls set to CAL) BW-BEAM FINDER switch set 10 FULL (ell vertical modes) DC input coupling | DC to upper limit defined in Table 1A. 1-1Specification—Type 454/R454 Character Performance: Character "AC input coupling “BWEAM FINDER | switch set to 5MHe DC input coupling TO hertz or less (one hertz or less with P4047 Probe} to upper limit defined in Table 1-1A. DC to four megahert2 or greater ‘ond six megahertz or less ot all dellection factors Performance 30 mv/DIV Feak aberrations not 10 exceed 7100 mv/DIV 5%; total peak-io- not to exceed Peak aberrations not to exceed 47% of —7%; total peak-t. peak aberrations nol to exceed 7% AC input coupling Jrienvation ratio oF | BW-BEAM FINDER switch sot to SMHz 70 hertz or fess (one hertz or Tess ‘with P&O47 Probe) to four mega: hhen2 or greater and six mega hertz or less ofall deflection foc: tor 10:1 or greater Verlical Display Modes (selected by front-pane! MODE switch) Input Coupling Medes] lselected by. front-pone! Input Coupling switch) Channel T only Channel 2 only Dualtroce, alternate between channels. Dual-trace, chopped between chennele. ‘Added algebraically. | AC (capacitive) coupled or DC (direct! coupled, Step Response (CH 1 ‘ond CH 2 VARIABLE con: trols set_to CAL, BW: BEAM. FINDER switch set to FULL) Risotime (all. vertical modes) See Table 1.14. Common-Mode _ Rejec tion Ratio, AC and DC Input Coupling TO oF greater at 50 megahertz for common-mode signals 400 mi livolis peak to peak or less in ‘amplitude (with optimized setting ‘of CH | ond CH 2 GAIN adjust ments at 50 mV/OIV end 50 meg chert). ‘Aberrations (without probe, 25°C 15°C} Smv/0lv TomviDW Daviow Peak obertations not to exceed 47% or —7%; total peakto not to exceed nol 10 exceed 46% of —6%; total peak-to rot to exceed not To exceed total peacto peak aberrations not to exceed St. ‘Maximum Input Walage, AC and DC Input Cou pling Input RC Characteristics Resistance Capacitor Input Curent Step Antenuator Balance | (all'deflecion factors} Ghannel fsolotion ‘itenvator Isolation | 00 volts [DC + peak AC). Peak forpeak AC less than 400 valis {one bilohertz or les) One megohm 2% 2 picoforads Two nenoomy ing in 0.4 division or less trace shift ot SmV/DIV. ‘One division or lese trace shift when CH Tor CH 2 VOLTS/DIV ‘switch is changed 10 adjacent de: flection factor setting TOO:T oF greater at 50 megahertz | T0000:1 er greater at 50 mega: hertz TABLE 1-14 Minimum Bandwidth ond Maximum Risetime (0° C to +40° C) Deflection Factor | With P4047 Probe | With P6045 Probe | With P6048 Probe ‘or 25.9hm source 20 mV/DIV to 10 150 megahertz | 130 megaheis | 100 megahertz ‘VOUTS/DIV 24 nanoseconds | 27 nanoseconds | 3.5 nanoseconds Tomv/DIV TOO megahertz [95 mogahenz | 75 megahertz 35 nanoseconds | 37 nanoseconds | 47 nanoseconds ‘Smv/DN 60 megehertz | 58 megahertz | 45 megahertz 59 nanoseconds | 6 nanoseconds | 7.8 nanoseconds TmV/DIV (Channels 1 | 3 megahertz "| 30 megahertz | 30 megahertz ‘ond 2 cascaded) Ti nanoseconds | 12 nanoseconds | 12 nanoseconds "Signal connected to 0 EAU BNC cab TRIGGER swich 12 SUT GH 1, GH 1 GUT conneced to INPUT CH 2 with @ S0-ohm 1 “cit and CH 2 VOLTS/DIV swithes Set to 3 mV, MODE swichSpecification—Type 454/R454 Characteristic Performance ‘Groped Mode Repetition rate One megahertz 20%, Time segment Wom | 0.25 nanoseconds or less, each channel Polarity laversion (se: | Displayed signal from Channel 2 lected by CH 2 INVERT | can be inverted. switch) Delay Tine | Permiis viewing of leading edge of triggering signal (internal tig ‘geting only) TRIGGERING (A AND B SWEE Triager Source (elected | Interacl from displayed channels) by front-panel SOURCE | or from Channel I only (os selected “Above SN 8270000] One megohm 10% paralleled swe by ‘tent panel TRIGGER svi) hd COUMING swith poston Internal rom AC power sure. ae Exemol from signol applied fo quale! input set in the UF Bet TRIG INPUT Connector. BE postions Exlerl from signal applied to Manion pF] 500 vets DC peak AC. Peak EXT TRIG INPUT connector with voltage torpeak AC les than 500 veits fone lohestz oF lst Caipng We PAC epactvel coupes eet caarar ange lected by. front-panel | AC fopacive) coupled with a: COUPLING switch! | fenuation of low-frequency signs. ext Greater than + and — to vols ExT = 10 | Greoter than + and — 20 volts AC {capacitive} coupled with ct. tervation of high-frequency. sig als TIME BASE (A and B SWEEPS) DC {direct} coupled. earl ‘Tigger Polorily {eelecl. | Sweep con be triggered from the ‘ed by front-panel SLOPE | positive-going or negalive-going switch) portion of tigger signal Trigger Level LEVEL control allows seleclion of the triggering point an the selected slope of the rigger signol Sweep Rate Calibrated range, MAG switch st to OF A sweep Five seconds to 0.05 microsecond) division in 25 steps. Steps in 1-2-5 sequence B sweep 50 milliseconds to O05 micro: second/division in 22 steps. Sleps in 1-25 sequence. "9 Calibrated range, (A sweep on ral erpiiades wate tinds gies Gale rong rg? and 1S'cbove coor MAS 20 hertz with correct adjustment of A sweep 05 second to five nanoseconds! a control, Free-rumi ai crm nenes ren fbrence of an adequate trigger ~ sequence _ Signal eevee traee Baweep 50._millaeconds Tove nano. Single Sweep Trigger sensiivty same as defined ne ee [A sweep only] infigs. 12 and 1-3. A Sweep Gen | in 125 sequene trator produces only one sweep Uncaibrated ‘Coniinvously variable belween Schon inggered, turer sweeps are -—-‘(wariable) range | colibrated sweep rate settings. Ex- Tocked out until RESET bution is fends slowest uncalibrated sweep presed rate to at least 125 seconds/ div Trager Jer ‘ne nanosecond oF Tess at 150 the ork amy to at 18 mmegohert zeconds/dvision for B sweep. Enjemal Tigger Input : Swoop Accuracy (A_| See Table I-18. RC character VARIABLE ond 8 TIME SN 8010100 to. | One megohm +10% paralleled DNV Apri controls, SN 8219999 by 20 picoforads +5 pF in all A S81 '0 ‘ond B COUPLING switch positions Sweep Length fexcept LF REJ. Fig. 1-4 shows the A sweep Variable from four divisions or {equivalent input circuit in the LF less 1011.0 divisions +05 divi- REI positions sion 1.3Specification—Iype 454/R454 wea we dt, wang voweouen — IMT ML eR 14Specification—Type 454/RAS4 1 50 mie 100 Hs cod Fig. 1-3. Exel tigger senstvlty specication Umit crv D> —Verteton Pots Tova 2.48 Pointe ) | 7 ef € € € & EF 8 cs 3 i EiSpecification—Type 454/R454 TABLE 1-18 Sweep Accuracy ‘A and BTIME/OV | _0°C to 440°C <1S"C te 455°C Switch setting inmagrified| Magnified” | Unmagnified | Magnified” Over center eight division - Sato 1 s/DIV (A sweep only Within 5% _[ Within 6% 053 10 OF ai within 9% | within 4% Within 4%6_— [Within 5% 005 5/1 ~ Within 43, —[ Within 6% ‘Over any wo division potion within center eight dicsions| Within 5% | Within 51% | Within 5% | Within 10% (all sweep rates) five nanoreconds/ division, fist 14a 10" nonorecone] lost coven visions Choracerinie Performance Characteristic Performance T veep X Bandwidth oF Unper | Two megahertz or realer “aaBPoint, AC les Sweep Hold Time (A | sweep only) 53 to 0.1 ms/DIV eo Tao | Sys to OE sD] One times or less the A TIME DIV switch setting, Two limes of less the A TIME/DIV switch setting with HF STAB con- inal set fully counterclockwise | Two microseconds oF les with HF STAB control set fully counterclack DELAYED SWEEP Delay Time Calibrated range [A VARIABLE control set to CAL) Continvously variable from 40 sec: fonds to one microsecond. Delay time detrmined by A TIME/DIY switch setting multiplied by DE- CAY-TIME MULTIPLIER dial setting, pacitive) ond DC idiceet) toupled, with FourDivi- sion Reference. Phase shift belween X cond Y Amplifiers Yond V input Charac- | Maximum input volt ge See Vertical hertz with MAG switch sot to OFF. Deflection System Input RC chacteris-| characteristics, fies Input coupling RATOR = Woveshope Square wave Polority Positive going wilh bassline at 210 volts. Ouiput Voltage [One volt peak To peak caro TC te FAO" Cupeint [ One volt peek fo peak, a Cros = Coen Five millmperes_ through CUR Seto 0 ow [Wiki Z5H| —Whihin 35% a oe SOs to ys/DV_+ Within 15%.| Within 2%, Repetition Rote ‘One bilohertz incremental muir [Wiin 02%. [Wii 03% Recta Soe imeraity — L1S°C to $55°C i Ce eT I TS vag i T|~ wi 15 (10 Fimes the A TIME/DIV switch {Conn Within 1%. Within 1.3%. seting. Repetition rate Within 05%, Within 1%. DEAVTINE-MAOLTIAT [OT to 10:1 times the ATIMETOW — Risetime ‘One mierosecond or les FR Dil Range switch setting Dury Gyde Dh fo Th ~ : ‘Surpur Resistance 750 ome 1%: X-Y OPERATION —=—=_=_— ee Z-AXIS INPUT Deflection Factor ee Colibroted range | Five milvots 10 10 vollsfdivision Sensitivity Five volt pealcio-peak signal pro: in IT steps. Steps in 1.25 0 ‘duces noticeable medulation at quence. CH 1 VARIABLE ond normol intensity Frorizonial POSITION controls in- Polarity of Operation | Positive going signal operative. in XY position of trace intensity, negative-going sig HORIZ DISPLAY switch nal increases trace intensily Kecurocy Within 3% rable Frequency Range | DC to 50 megahertz 146Specification—Type 454/R454 Characteristic Performance Characteristic Performance ‘Maximum Input Voltage 200 volts, DC + peak AC. Peak fo-peak AC must not exceed 200 volts fone Kilohertz or less). “hrea Sie vertical by 10 divi sions horizontal. Each division equals 08 centimeter. , Rexalovon GNAL Currey, Horizontal 15 lines or greater in one division. Tinesp Vertical TS lines or greater in one division. Waveshape Sawtooth Geometry Or diviion or let toll Polarity Positive going with baveline near Beam Finder its display within gricule zero volt trea when pressed. Ouipat voliage Vohage accuracy Durston | 70 volis peak lo peak Within 10% [Same os A sweep (variable wih __| the" A “SWEEP LENGTH contra. Wand 8 Cotes Woveshope Polarity ‘utput velioge Voltage accuracy Rectongular. Positive going with baseline at about —0.6 volt, “1126 volts peak to peak. Within 10%. Photographic Welling Speed (without film fog ging techniques) Teltronix C3} Comera with f1.2 lene ond 1:05 object-tosimage| ratio P31 CRT phosphor | At least 1600 divisions/microsec- ‘ond (1280. contimetors/microsec: cond) with Polaroid” Type 410 film {10,000 ASA. Duration ‘Vertical Signal Out (CHT only) Output voltage ‘Fandwidih ot upper] 368 point, AC fea pacitive) or DC (di: rect} coupled Same duration ae respeclive 25 millvolis or greater for each division of CRT display (into one megohm load ‘35 megahertz or greater, POWER SUPPLY ‘Te Voliage Rone (AC, RMS) 115-vlts nominal 20-vels nominal Tine Frequency ‘Moximum Power Consumption Line Selector switch set to LO, 90 volts Tine vollogs end range salecied by Une ‘Selector ctsambly on 90 to 110 volts. 104 to 126 volts. 112 to 136 volts. 180 to” 220 volts. 208 to 252 volt. 224 to 272 volts 48 fo 440 hertz. 48 hertz 60 hertz 440 hertz [TiS warts | 110 warts ] 100 wor sa fisa [13 ‘witch [130 watts [125 watts [115 worls seh to MNS vols A liga liza copplied Tine Selector switch set to Hl, 136 volts applied [145 warts [140 warts [180 wars psa = |12a 12 CATHODE-RAY TUBE (CRT) Grateule Type Internal with variable edge light ing PIT CRT phosphor | At Teast 3200 divisions/microrec fond (2560. cenlimeters/microsec- fond) with Polaroid Type 410 film (10,000 ASA. Telironix C30K Cam ra. with 11.9 le 7 object. ratio P31 CRT phosphor | At least 182 divisions/microsecond (148 centimeters/microsecond) with Polaroid Type 107 film (3000 ASA) ‘Tektronix C40 Camera with 1.3 lens ond 105 object-torimage| ratio P21 CRT phosphor | At least 1250 divisions/microsec: ‘ond (1000. centimeters/microsec- fond) with Polaroid Type 410 film {10,000 ASA. Dhosphar | At Teast 2500 divisions/microsec fond (2000. centimeters/micros fond) with Polaroid Type 410 film (10,000 ASA TABLE 1-2 ENVIRONMENTAL Ttieredeiae | _ Performance pies eo are Perio See NOTE This instrument will meet the electrical character ies given in Table 1-1 over the following envi ronmental limits. Complete detoils on environ- mental test’ procedures, including failure criteria, ‘te., con be obtained from Tektronix, Inc. Contact your local Tektronix Field Office or representa- Temperature Operating =15°C to 455°C. Non-operating =55°C 10 475°C.Specification—Type 454/R454 che Aiwode Operating 15,000 fee! moximum, Maximum Characteristics Performance ‘operating temperature decreases Ventilation ‘Safe operating temperature is 27100 foe increase in chtude Imainioined by Torced-ir cooling. between 5000 and 15,000 Tech Automatic resting thermal cost Non-operating [Test fit 50000 feet. protects icrument from overheat Humidity rT a Non-operating Five cycles (120 hours) of MilStd- Warm-up Time 0 8 for rated accuracy. 202C, Method 1068. Omit freez- Finish ing ond vibration. Allow @ 24 ‘Type 454 Anodized front panel. Blve vinyl hour posties!-drying period at ote luminum cal 425°C 15°C and 20%, 10 80% Type RISE ‘Arodized front panel. Anodized relative humid. ‘luminum cabinet, Vibration ‘Overall Dimensions a Operating and non operating Shock Operating and non. operating Eleciromagnetie Interfer| lence (EMI) as Tested in Mili.8i81D ond MILI: 16P10C, Mod 163D only Radiated interference Conducted interference Transportation Packaged instrument 1-8 15 minutes along each of the three ‘major axes ata total displacement ‘of (0.025 inch peck to peak [Mo dt $5 fs) with frequency varied from 10.5510 c/s in one minute cycles. Hold at 55 c/s for three minutes on each axis, Two auillotine-type shocks of 30, one-half sine, 1l-milsecond dura: tion each direction. along each mojor ovis, Total of 12 shocks. Interference radiated from the strument under test within the giv- en limits from 14 kiloherz to 1000 megahertz {with mesh CRT fiter installed), [Interference conducied ouf oF the instrument under test theough the power cord within the given limits from 150 kilohertz to 30 mega hertz. Qualifies under National Sofe Transit Committee tes! procedure 1A {measur points) Type 454 Height Width Tih inches [30B centimeters). Dent coding [20 ince (52 canines. nt cove Depth (handle post | 22% laches [S48 centimeters) tioned for_carrying) ‘oh mmoximum Type RASH Height inches (17.8 centimeters) Width 9 inches (48-3 centimeters) Depth (Bokind front [ 17% inches (45 centimeters) panel) Depth (otal) | 197g inches UBT centimeters) — Weight Type 454 ‘Without front cover | Approximately 29% pounds (127 kilograms) ‘With front cover | Approximately 31¥, pounds 13% and accessories | kilograms) Type RSE Approximately 337, pounds (TAS kilograms). STANDARD ACCESSORIES Standard accessories supplied with the Type 454 and R454 ‘are listed on the last pullout page of the Mechanic Ports Lis illustations. For optional ‘accessories available for use with this instrument, see the Tektronix, Inc. catelog.Type 454/R454 SECTION 2 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS General To effectively use the Type 454, the operation and capa- bilities of the instrument must be known. This section de- scibes the operation of the front, side- and rear-panel con trols and conneclors, gives first lime and general operating information ond lists some basic applications for this in strument Front Cover and Handle The front cover furnished with the Type 454 provider a ddusttight seal around the front ponel. Use the cover to pro: fect the front panel when storing or transporting the instru- ment. The cover also provides storage space for probes and other occessories (see Fig. 2-1) 2.1, Accessory sorage provided In font cover ‘The handle of the Type 454 can be positioned for carrying or at a filtstond for the inttrument, To position the handle, press in at both pivot points (see Fig. 22) and turn the handle fo the desired ptition. Fourteen positions are provided for ‘convenient carrying or viewing. The instrument may also be tet on the rear feet either for operation or storage. Operating Voltoge ‘The Type 454 can be operated from either @ 115-volt or ‘2 230-volt- nominal line voltage source. The Line Voltage ® From In here on both dee of the” lsrment te peion handle Fig, 22. Hondle postioned to provide @ stend for the Innrument Selector assembly on the rear panel converts the instrument from one operating range to the other. In addition, this ‘assembly changes the primary connections of the power frans- former to ollow selection of one of three regulating ranges ‘The ossembly alto includes the two line fuses. When the instrument is converted from 115.volt to 230-volt nominal ‘operation or vice versa, the assembly connects or disconnects fone of the fuses to provide the correct protection for the instrument. Use the following procedure to convert this instru- ‘ment between nominal line voltages or regulating ranges. 1. Disconnect the instrument from the power source. 2 Loosen the two captive screws which hold the cover fonto the voltage selector astembly; then pull to remove the 3. To convart from 115-volts nominal to 230-valts nominal line voltage or vice versa, pullout the Voltage Selector switch bor (see Fig. 2-3); ven it 180 and plug it bock into the re- maining holes. Change the line-cord power plug to match the power-source receplacle or use 6 115: to 230-volt adapter. 4. To change regulating ranges, pull out the Range Sel fecior switch bar [see Fig. 23} slide it to the desired position fond plug it back in. Select @ range which is contered about the average line voliage to which the instrument isto be con- nected (see Table 2-1), 5. Resist the cover and tighten the two captive screws. 6. Before applying power to the instrument, check that the indicating tobs on the switch bars are protruding through the correct holes for the desired nominal line voltage and reg- lating range.Operoting Instructions—Type 454/R454 CAUTION The Type 454 should not be operated with the Vol- tage Selector or Range Selector switches in the wrong position for the line voltage applied. Oper tation of the instrument with the switches in the wrong postions wil ater provide tion or damage the instru correct oper- TABLE 2-1 Reguloting Ranges Regulating Range Range Selector | _115 Volts 230 Volls Switch Position | __Nominal Nominal TO [witch bar in| 90 to 110 volts | 180 to 220 vols left holes) ™ (ewitch bar In] 104 to 126 volis | 208 to 252 vols middle holes) HHI (witch Bor in| 112 to 136 vells | 224 to 272 vells right holes) Operating Temperature The Type 454 is cooled by air drawn in at the rear ond blown out through holes in the top and botiom covers. ‘Adequate clearance on the top, bottom and rear mur provided to allow heat to be dissipated away from the Sirument. The cleorance provided by the fee! of the bottom ‘ond rear should be maintained. If posible, allow about one inch cleorance on the top. Do not block or restrict the cir flow from the air escope holes in the cabinet. ‘A thermal cutout in this instrument provides thermal pro- fection ond disconnects the power to the internal temperoture exceeds a safe ion of the instrument for extended periods without the covers 2-2 ‘may cause it to overheat and the thermal cutout to open more frequently. The air filer should be cleaned occasionally to allow the maximum amount of cooling air to enter the in- sirument, Cleoning instructions are given in Section 4. ‘The Type 454 can be operated where the ambient cir temp- ‘erature Is between —15" C ond +55° C. The maximum ‘operating temperature must be derated 1" C for each ad- ditional 1000 feet of altitude above 5000 feet, This instrument can be stored in ambient temperatures between —35" C and +75* C. After storage at temperatures beyond the operating limits, oliow the chassis temperature to come within the oper- ing limits before power is applied. Rackmounting ‘Complete information for mounting the Type RAS4 in @ cabinet rack is given in Section 10 of this manval. CONTROLS AND CONNECTORS ‘A brief description of the function and operation of the front, side- ond reorspanel controls and connectors follows. Fig. 2-4 shows the front, side and rear panels of this instru: ment. More delciled information is given in this section un- der General Operating Information. Cothode-Ray Tube INTENSITY Controls brightness of disploy. Focus Provides adjustment for optimum display definition. SCALE ILLUM Controls graticue illumination. BW - BEAM Three positon switch which provides band- FINDER width limiting ond beam location. ‘SMHz: Vertical Amplifier bandwidth limit. fed to provide @ reduction in displayed noite or interference. FULL: Normal operation with full Vertical ‘Amplifier bandwidth copabilites, BEAM FINDER: Compresses display within groticule oreo, independently of display position or applied signals. Vertical (both channels exe VouTs/p1v tas noted) Selects vertical deflection factor in 1-25 sequence [VARIABLE control must be in CAL petition for indicated deflection factor. VARIABLE Provides continuously variable uncalibrated deflection faciors between the calibrated settings of the VOLTS/DIV switch UNCAL Light indicates thot the VARIABLE control is not in the CAL pesition. STEP ATTEN BAL Screwdriver adjustment to balance Input ‘Amplifier in the 5, 10 ond 20m¥ posi- fions of the VOLTS/DIV switch Controls vertical postion of trace. In X-Y mode of operation, CH 1 contr positions POSITIONing (AC GND Dc) PROBE POWER INPUT CH 1 ORX INPUT CH 2 ORY MODE TRIGGER in the X-axis (horizontally) and CH 2 con- trol positions in the Y-axis. (vertically). Screwdriver odjustment to set gain of the Vertical Preamp. Selects method of coupling input signal to arid of Input Amplifier. ‘AC: DC component of input signal is Blocked. Low frequency limit (—3 48 point) is about 10 hertz. GND: Input circuit is grounded (does not ‘ground applied signal) DC: All components of the input signal ‘re pasted to the Input Amplifier. Power source for active probe systems. Input connector for CH 1 deflection signals oF X-axis deflection in the X-Y mode of operation. Input connector for CH 2 deflection sig: nals of Y-axis deflection in the XY mode of operation. Selects vertical mode of operation CCH. 1: The signal connected to the INPUT CH 1 connector it displayed. CCH_2 The signal connected to the INPUT CH 2 connector is displayed. ALT: Duabtrace display of signals on both channels. Display switched at end of each sweep. CHOP: Duo-trace display of signals on booth channels. Display switched between channels at a repeltion rate of about ‘one megahertz. ‘ADD: Signals applied to the INPUT CH 1 ‘and INPUT CH 2 connectors are alge- braically added and the algebraic sum is displayed on the CRT. The INVERT switch in Channel 2 allows the display to be CHT + CH 2 or CHT ~ CHD. Selects source of internal triggering signal from vertical. system. Also selects the source of the X signal for X-Y mode oper ation. NORM: Sweop circuits tiggered from di played channel(s). Channel 1 signal ‘ovailable at CH 1 OUT connector. CHT ONLY OR XY: Sweep circuits rig gered only from signal applied to the INPUT CH" connector. No signal avo ‘ble at CHT OUT connector. CHT Tights, located beside A and B SOURCE switches, indicate that the TRIGGER witch iin the CH 1 ONLY OR XY posi ion. For X-¥ mode operation, Channel 1 signol is connected to the Horizontal ‘Amplifier. INVERT (CH 2 only) A and B Tri Level Operating Instructions—Type 454/R454 Inverts the Channel 2 display when pulled out. ring (beth where applicable) Selects amplitude point on tigger signal ft which sweep is triggered. HF STAB (A Trig- Decreases display jitter for trigger signals ‘ering Only) SLOPE ‘COUPLING SOURCE Ht ‘above about 40 megohertz. Hos negligible effect at lower repetition rates. Selects slope of trigger signal which stars the sweep. ++ Sweep can be triggered from postive. ‘going portion of trigger signal. —1 Sweep can be triggered from nego- live-going portion of tigger signal. Determines method of coupling trigger signal to tigger cicut. AG: Rejects DC ond attenuates signals below about 30 hertz. Accepts signals between about 30 hertz and 150 mega- hertz. LF REJ: Rejects DC and attenuates signals below about 50 kilohertz. Accepts sig- nals between about 50 kilohertz and 150 megahertz. HE REL: Accepts signals between about 30 hertz and 50 kilohert; rejects OC fond attenuates signals outside the above range DC: Accepts all tigger signals from DC fo 150 megahertz or greater. Selects source of trigger signal INT; Internal trigger signal obtained from Vertical Deflection System. When CH 1 light is on, trigger signal is obtained only from the Channel 1 input signal when the light is off, the trigger signal is obtained from the displayed chan- nell. Source of internal trigger signal is selected by the TRIGGER switch. LINE: Trigger signal obtained from a som- ple of the line voliage applied to this instrument EXT: Trigger signal obtained from an ox- Yernal signal applied to the EXT TRG INPUT connector. EXT + 10: Attenuates external tigger sig- nals 10 times. Light indicates that the internal trigger signal is obtained only from the signal connected to the INPUT CH 1 connector (see TRIGGER switch) EXT TRIG INPUT Input connector for external trigger sig ral. 23Operating Instructions—Type 454/R454A and B Sweep DELAY-TIME ‘MULTIPLIER ‘A SWEEP TRIG'D UNCAL A OR 8 ‘A-AND 8 TIME/ DIV AND DELAY TIME A VARIABLE B SWEEP MODE HORIZ DISPLAY Provides variable sweep delay between (0.10 ond 10.10 times the delay time in- dicated by the A TIME/DIV switch. Light indicates thot A sweep is triggered ‘ond will produce @ stable display with correct INTENSITY and POSITION con- trol setings. Light indicates that either the A oF B VARI- ABLE control is notin the CAL position ‘A TIME/DIV switch (clear plastic inner flange) selects the sweep rate of the A sweep circuit for A sweep only operation fond telects the basic delay time (to be multiplied by DELAY-TIME MULTIPLIER dial setting) for delayed sweep opera- tion. B TIME/DIV (DELAYED SWEEP) switch selects sweep rate of the B sweep Greuit for deloyed sweep operation only VARIABLE controls must be in the CAL pozitions for calibrated sweep rates Provides continuously variable A sweep rate between the calibrated settings se lected by the A TIME/DIV switch. “A sweep rate is calibrated when control is set fully clockwise to CAL Selects B sweep operation mode TRIGGERABLE AFTER DELAY TIME: B sweep circuit will not produce @ sweep nil © tigger pulse is received follow- ing the delay time selected by the DE LAY TIME (A TIME/DIV] switch ond the DELAY.TIME MULTIPLIER dial B STARTS AFTER DELAY TIME: 8 sweep circuit runs immediately following delay time selected by the DELAY TIME switch cand DELAY-TIME MULTIPLIER dial Selects horizontal mode of operation ‘A; Horizontal deflection provided by A sweep. B sweep inoperative. ‘A INTEN DURING B: Sweep rate deter mined by A TIME/DIV switch. An inten sified portion oppecrs on the display during the B sweep time, This switch position provides o check of the dur: Yion and position of B sweep (delayed sweep) with respect to the delaying sweep (Al B (DELAYED SWEEP): Sweep rate deter mined by B TIME/DIV switch with the delay time determined by the setting of the DELAY TIME (A TIME/DIV) switch fond the DELAY-TIME MULTIPLIER diol Sweep mode determined by B SWEEP MODE switch. XY: Permits X-¥ operation when the TRIG. GER switch is set to CHT ONLY OR MAG ‘A SWEEP MODE RESET ‘A SWEEP LENGTH POSTION FINE TV CAL THe POWER ON. Operating Instructions—Type 454/R454 XY, Signal applied 10 the INPUT CH 1 OR X connector provides the X-axis deflection and the signal applied to the INPUT CH 2 OR Y connector pro: Vides the Y-axis deflection. Increases sweep rate to ten times setting of the A or B TIME/DIV switch by hor zontally expanding the center division of the display. Light indicates when mag- rifier is 09 (magnifier inoperative in XY mode). Determines the operating made for A sweep. AUTO TRIG: Sweep initiated by the ap: plied trigger signal using the A Trig ‘ering controls when the trigger signal Fepetition rate is above about 20 herz For lower repetition rates or when there is no trigger signal, the sweep free runs ot the sweep rate selected by the A TIME/DIV switch to produce a bright reference trace. NORM TRIG: Sweep initiated by the op- plied trigger signal using the A Trigger ing controls. No trace when there is no Irigger signal SINGLE SWEEP: Afier © sweep is dis played, furher sweeps cansot be pre- ented until the RESET bution is pressed Display is triggered as for NORM oper ction using the A Triggering contol. When the RESET button is pressed (SINGLE SWEEP model, 0 single display will be presented (with correct triggering). After the sweep is completed, the RESET bution must be pressed again before another sweep can be displayed ‘Adjusts length of A swoep. In the FULL position (clockwise detent, the sweep is ‘about 11. divisions long. As this. contol is rotated counterclockwise, the length of ‘A sweep is reduced until it is less than four divisions long just before the detent inthe fully-counterclockwise posiion is reached. In the 8 ENOS A position (coun: terclockwise deten'), the A sweep is reset ft the end of the B sweep to provide the fastest possible sweep repetition rate for delayed sweep signal, Controls horizontal position of trace. Provides more precise horizontal position adjustment. Calibrator output connector Light: Indicates that POWER switch is on ‘and the instrument is connected to 0 inewoltage source. Switch: Controls power to the instrument. 25Operating Instructions—Type 454/R454 Side Ponel BTIME/DIV Provides continously variable B sweep rate VARIABLE between the calibrated settings selected by the B TIME/DIV switch. B sweep rate is calibrated when control is set fully clock. wise to CAL TRACE Screwdriver adjustment to align trace with ROTATION horizontal graticue lines. ‘CURRENT PROBE Current loop providing five-miliampere CAL square-wave current from calibrator cir cuit. CH 1 OUT Output connector providing sample of the signal opplied fo the INPUT CH 1 con- rector when the TRIGGER switch is in the NORM position. B+ GATE Output connector providing @ rectangular pulse coincident with B sweep. A+ GATE Output connector providing o rectangular pulse coincident with A Sweep. ‘A SWEEP Output connector providing @ sample of the sawtooth signal produced by the A ‘Sweep Generator. X.GAIN (XY] Screwdriver adjustment to calibrate X-axis deflection in the X-Y mode. ASTIG ‘Serewediver adjustment used in conjunction with the FOCUS control to obtain a well- dofined display. Does not require read: justment in normal use. Rear Panel ZAXIS INPUT Input connector for intensity modulation cof the CRT display. Line Voltage Switching assembly to select the nominal Selector ‘operating voliage and the line voltage range. The assembly olso includes the line fuses. Voltage Selector: Selects nominal operating voltage range (I15V or 230 V. Range Selector: Selects line voltage range (low, medium, high). FIRST-TIME OPERATION The following steps will demonstrate the use of the con- trols and connectors of the Type 454. It is recommended that this procedure be followed completely for firsttime fomiliorization with this instrument. Setup Information 1. Set the controls os follows: CRT Controls INTENSITY Counterclockwise FOCUS Midronge SCALE ILLUM Counterclockwise BW-BEAM FINDER FULL. Vertical Controls (both channels if applicable) vours/o1v 2 VARIABLE CAL POSITION Midrange Input Coupling pc MODE cHT TRIGGER NORM INVERT. Pushed in Triggering Controls (both A and 8 if epplicable). All lever switches up. Level Clockwise (+) SLOPE + ‘COUPLING. AC SOURCE INT Sweep Controls DELAY-TIME 0.10 fully counter: ‘MULTIPLIER clockwise) ‘A and B TIME/DIV Sms ‘A VARIABLE CAL {fully clockwise) ‘A SWEEP MODE AUTO TRIG B SWEEP MODE B STARTS AFTER DELAY TIME HORIZ DISPLAY A MAG OFF POSTION Midrange ‘A SWEEP LENGTH FULL (fully clockwise) POWER OFF Side-Ponel Controls B TIME/DIV VARIABLE CAL {fully clockwise) 2. Connect the Type 454 to © power source that meets the voltage ond frequency requirements of the instrument. Ifthe ‘voilabe line voltage is outside the limits ofthe Line Voltage Selector switch position (on rear panell, se Operating Vol: tage in this section 3, Set the POWER switch to ON. Allow several minuies warm up 30 the instrument reaches a normal operating temp ature before proceeding. CRT Controls 4, Advance the INTENSITY control unil the trace is at the desired viewing level (near midrange. 5. Connect the 1V CAL 1 kHz connector fo the INPUT CH 1 connector with @ BNC cable. 6. Turn the A LEVEL control toward 0 unil the display be: comes stable. Note that the A SWEEP TRIG'D light is on when the display is stable 7. Adjust the FOCUS control for a sharp, well-defined display over the entire trace length. (if focused display car- not be obtained, see Astigmastism Adjustment in this sec tion) 8, Disconnect the input signal ond move the trace with the CH POSITION control so it coincides with the center horz conta line of the graticule,9. If the trace is not parallel with the contor horizontal ine, see Trace Alignment Adjustment in this section 10. Rotate the SCALE ILLUM control throughout its range ‘and notice that the eratcule lines ore illuminated as the cor trol is turned clockwise (most obvious with mesh or smoke ‘oray filter installed), Set control so graticule lines are il Tuminated as desired. Vertical Controls 11, Change the CH 1 VOLTS/DIV switch fom 20mV to SmV. If the vertical position of the trace shifts, see Step Attenuator Balance in this section 12, Set the CH 1 VOLTS/DIV switch to 2 and the CH 1 In put Coupling switch to AC 13. Connect the 1 V CAL 1 kHz connector to both the IN- PUT CH I and CH 2 connectors with two BNC cables and a BNC T connector. NOTE If the BNC cables and BNC T connector are not avoilable, make the following changes in the ps cedure. Place the BNC jack post (supplied acces- ory) on the 1'V CAL 1 kHz connector and connect the two 10% probes (supplied accessories) to the INPUT CH 1 and CH 2 connectors. Connect the probe tips to the BNC jack post. Set the CH 1 and CH 2 VOLTS/DIV switches to deflection factors that ore 1/10th of those given. 14, Turn the CH | POSITION control to center the display The display it a square wave, five divisions in amplitude with bout five cycles displayed on the sercen. If the dis play is not five divisions in amplitude, see Vertical Gain Ad- iustment inthis section 15, Set the CH 1 Input Coupling switch to GND and posi tion the trace to the center horizontal line 16, Set the CH 1 Input Coupling switch to DC. Note that the baseline of the waveform remains atthe center horizontal line (ground reference 17, Set the CH 1 Input Coupling switch to AC, Nole thot the waveform is centered about the canter horizontal line. 18. Turn the CH 1 VARIABLE control throughout its range Note thot the UNCAL light comes on when the VARIABLE control is moved from the CAL position [fully clockwise). The deflection shovld be reduced to about two divisions in the fully counterclockwise position. Return the CH | VARIABLE contralto CAL. 19, Set the MODE switch to CH 2 20, Set the CH 2 Input Coupling switch to GND and check the Channel 2 step otlenvater balance as described in step 11, Retuin the CH 2 Input Coupling switch to DC. 21. Turn the CH 2 POSITION control to center the display. The display will be similar to the previous display fer Chan nel 1. Check the Channel 2 gain a described in step 14. The CH 2 Input Coupling switch ond VARIABLE contol operate (os described in steps 15 through 18. Operating Instructions—Type 454/R454 22. Set both VOLTS/DIV switches to 5 23, Set the MODE switch to ALT and position the Channel | waveform to the top of the graticule area and the Channel 2 waveform to the bottom of the gfaticule area. Turn the ‘A TIME/DIV switch throughout its range. Note thot the dis: play alternates belween channels at all sweep rates. 24, Set the MODE switch to CHOP and the A TIME/DIV switch to Zs, Note the switching between channels as shawn by the segmented trace, Set the TRIGGER switch to CHT ONLY, the trace should appear mote solid since its no longer triggered on the between-chonnel switching tras tents. Turn the A TIME/DIV switch throughout its range. A dual-trace display is presented ct all sweep rates, but unlike ‘ALT, both channels are cleplayed on each sweep on o time sharing basis. Return tho A TIME/DIV switch to 5 ms 25, Set the MODE switch to ADD. The display should be four divisions in amplitude, Note that either POSITION con: trol moves the display. 26, Pull the INVERT switch to invert the Channe! 2 signal The display is @ straight line jf the Chanel 1 and 2 goin js set cortecly} indicating that the algebraic sum of the two signals is zero. Set either VOLTS/DIV switch to 2. The square wave display indicates that the olgebraic sum of the two signals is no longer zero. Return the MODE switch 10 CH 1 ond both VOLTS/DIV switches to 2. Push in tho INVERT. switch Triggering 2. Rolate the A LEVEL control throughout its range. The dizplay fee runs ot the extremes of rotation. Note that the A SWEEP TRIGD light is on only when the display is triggered. 28, Set the A SWEEP MODE switch to NORM TRIG. Again rotate the A LEVEL cantral throughout is range. A display is presented only when corceclly triggered. The A SWEEP TRIG'D light operates os in AUTO TRIG. Return the A SWEEP MODE switch to AUTO TRIG. 29, Set the A SLOPE switch to —. The trace starts on the negative part of the squate wave. Return the switch to “+; the trace starts with the postive part af the square wave. 30. Set the A COUPLING switch to DC. Turn the CH 1 POSITION control until the display becomes unstoble [only part of square wave visible). Return the A COUPLING switch fo AC; the display is agoin stable. Since changing ace position changes DC level, this shows how changes in the DC Fevel affect DC trigger coupling. Return the display to the cen ter of the screen 31, Set the MODE switch to CH 2; the display should be stable. Remove the signal connected to Channel 1; the dis: play free runs, Set the TRIGGER switch to NORM; the display Fe again stable. Note thot the CH 1 lights in A and B Trig {ering Ge out when the TRIGGER switch is changed to NORM, 32. Connect the Calibrator signal to both the INPUT CH 2 connector and the A EXT TRIG INPUT connector. Set the A SOURCE switch to EXT. Operation of the LEVEL, SLOPE and COUPLING controls for external triggering are the some as described in steps 27 through 30, 27Operating Instructions—Type 454/R454 33, Set the A SOURCE switch to EXT =10. Operation is the seme os for EXT. Note that the A LEVEL conteol has less range in this position, indicating trigger signal otfenvation Return the A SOURCE switch to INT. 34, Operation of the B Triggering controls is similar to A Triggering Normal and Magnified Sweep 35, Sot the A TIME/DIV switch to Sms and the MAG switch to X10. The display should be similar to that obtained with the A TIME/DIV switch set to Sms ond the MAG switch to OFF 3% Turn the Horizontal POSITION control throughout its range; the display should be positionable across the complete clsplay area, Now turn the FINE control. The display moves ‘2 smaller amount and allows more precise positioning. Re turn the A TIME/DIV switch to Sims, the MAG switch to OFF fond retutn the star of the trace to the left graticue line 37. Turn the A VARIABLE control throughout its range. Note that the UNCAL A OR B light comes on when the A VARIABLE control is moved from the CAL position uly clock: wisel. The sweep rote is slower by about 25 times in the fully counterclockwise postion a indicated by more cycles dis- played on the CRY. Return the A VARIABLE control to CAL Delayed Sweep 238. Pull the DELAYED SWEEP knob out and tur it 10 50 ys [DELAY TIME remains of Sms). Set the HORIZ DISPLAY switch to A INTEN DURING 8. An intensified portion, about fone division in length, should be shown at the start of the froce. Rolate the DELAY-TIME MULTIPLIER dial throughout its range, the intensified portion should move along. the display. 29, Set the B SWEEP MODE switch to TRIGGERABLE AFTER DELAY TIME and set the B LEVEL control to midrange. Again rotate the DELAY-TIME MULTIPLIER dial throughout is range ‘ond note thar the intensified portion appears to jump between porilve slopes of the display. Set the B SLOPE switch to ~~ ‘he intensified portion begins on the negative slope. Rotate the B LEVEL contol; the intensified portion of the display disoppears when the B LEVEL control is out of the triggerable ange. Return the B LEVEL contol to 0. 40. Set the HORIZ DISPLAY switch to & [DELAYED SWEEP). Rotate the DELAY-TIME MULTIPLIER dial throughout is range, about one-half cycle of the wavelorm should be displayed fon the sereen lleading edge visible only at high INTENSITY control setting. The display remains stable on the screen, in dicofing that the B sweep is triggered. 41, Set the B SWEEP MODE switch to 8 STARTS AFTER DE- LAY TIME. Rotate the DELAY-TIME MULTIPLIER cio! through fut its range: the displey moves continuously cross. the sereen 0s the control is rotated. 42, Rotate the DELAY-TIME MULTIPLIER dia! fully counter clockwise and set the HORIZ DISPLAY switch to A INTEN DURING B. Rotate the A SWEEP LENGTH conteol counter clockwise; the length of the display decreases. Set the con fol 10 the B ENDS A position; now the display ends after 28 the intensified portion. Rotate the DELAY-TIME MULTIPLIER dial and note that the sweep length increases as the display ‘moves across the screen. Return the A SWEEP LENGTH con. tol to FULL and the HORIZ DISPLAY switch to A. Single Sweep 48. Set the A SWEEP MODE switch to SINGLE SWEEP. Remove the Calibrator signal from the INPUT CH 2 con- rector. Press the RESET button; the RESET light should come fon and remain on, Again apply the signal to the INPUT CH 2 connector; a single trace should be presanted and the RESET Tight should go out. Return the A SWEEP MODE switch 10 AUTO TRIG. XY 44, Connect the Calibrator signal to the INPUT CH 1 and CH 2 connectors with two BNC cables and @ BNC T connec: tor, Set the HORIZ DISPLAY switch to X-¥ and the TRIGGER switch to CHT ONLY OR XY, 45, Increase the INTENSITY control setting until two dots fore displayed diagonally. The dispiay can be positioned horizontally with the CH_1 POSITION control ond ver ficoly with the CH 2 POSITION contol. The do's should be five divisions apart vericaly and horizontally {i horizontal deflection is incorcect see XY Operation in this section). 46, Change the CH 1 VOLTS/DIV switch to 5. The dis play is reduced to two divisions horizontally. Now set the CH’2 VOLTS/DIV switch to 5. The dlaplay is reduced to Iwo divisions vertically Beam Finder 47. Set the CH 1 ond CH 2 VOLTS/DIV switches to 10 m¥ The display isnot visible since it exceeds the scan arco of the cr, 48, Press the BW-BEAM FINDER switch down. Note that the display is returned to the display areo. While holding the BW-BEAM FINDER switch down, increase the vertical and horizontal deflection factor until the display is reduced to ‘about three divisions vertically ond horizontally. Adjust the CH 1 and CH 2 POSITION controls to center the display ‘about the center lines of the graticule. Release the BW-BEAM FINDER switch and note that the display remains within the viewing area. Disconnect the applied signal 49, Reduce the INTENSITY control seting to normal, sot the TRIGGER switch to NORM and sot the HORIZ DISPLAY switch 10 A. Bandwidth Limiter 50, Set the CH 2 VOLTS/DIV switeh to SmmV. Connect an unsheilded lead about four foc! long to the INPUT CH 2 con- rector. Set the A TIME/DIV switch to 1 ys and nate the high frequency noise in the display [his demonstration is most ef- fective in localities with strong rodiated interference above five megahertz such os TV broodeast radiation; if litle in terlerence is present, @ 50 megahertz sine-wave signal applied ta the INPUT CH 2 connector will produce @ similar result)5. Set the BW-BEAM FINDER switch to 5 Miz (vp). Note that the high-frequency noise is eliminated from the dis play. Return the BW-BEAM FINDER switch to FULL Z-Axis Input 52 If an external signal is available [five volts peak-to- peck minimum) the funetion of the Z AXIS INPUT cizeuit can bbe demonstrated. Connect the external signal to both the INPUT CH 2 connector and the Z AXIS INPUT binding posts Set the TIME/DIV switch to display about five cycles of the ‘waveform. The positive peaks of the waveform should be blanked ond the negative peaks intensified, indicating in fersity modulation. 53, This completes the basic operating procedure for the ‘Type 454. Instrument operations not expleined here, or oper ations which need further explanation ore discussed under General Operating Information. CONTROL SETUP CHART Fig. 2.5 shows the front, side ond rear panels of the Type 454. This chart can be reproduced ond used os a testselup record for special measurements, applications or procedures, or it may be used as @ training aid for familarization with ‘his instrument GENERAL OPERATING INFORMATION Intensity Control ‘The setting of the INTENSITY control may affect the correct focus of the display. Slight readjustment of the FOCUS con trol may be necessary when the intensity level is changed) To protect the CRT phosphor, do not turn the INTENSITY control higher than necessary 10 provide @ satisfactory dis- play. The light filters reduce the observed light output from the’ CRT. When vsing these filers, avoid advancing the INTENSITY control to @ setting that may burn the phosphor. When the highest intensity display is desired, remove the filers ond use the clear foceplate protector. Also, be core- ful thar the INTENSITY contrat is not set too high when changing the TIME/DIV switch from @ fast to a slow sweep. rate, ar when changing the HORIZ DISPLAY switch from XY operation to the normal sweep mode. The Z Axis Ampli fier incorporates © protection circuit which automaticaly reduces the display intensity to o lower level at the slower ‘sweep rates. This reduces the danger of burning the CRT phosphor of these slower sweep rates. Astigmatism Adjustment If a welldefined trace cannot be obtoined with the FOCUS contol, adjust the ASTI adjusiment (side panel] os fo lows NOTE To check for proper setting of the ASTIG adjust- ment, slowly turn the FOCUS control through the ‘optimum setting. If the ASTIG adjustment is cor- rectly set, the vertical and horizontal portions of Operating Instructions—Type 454/R454 the trace will come into sharpest focus at the some position of the FOCUS control. The setting of the ASTIG adjustment should be correct for any display. However, it may be necessary to reset the FOCUS, control slightly when the INTENSITY control changed. 1. Connect the 1V CAL 1kHz connector to either cham: rel and set the VOLTS/DIV switch of that channel to pre- sent a twordivision display. Set the MODE switch to dis: play the channel selected. 2, Set the TIME/DIV switch to. 2s 3, With the FOCUS control and ASTIG adjustment set to midrange, adjust the INTENSITY control so the rising por ion of the display con be seen 4, Set the ASTIG adjustment s0 the horizontal and ver Yical portions of the display ere equally focused, but not necessarily well focused, 5. Set the FOCUS control s0 the vertical portion of the trace i of thin a: possible, 4, Repeat parts 4 and 5 for the best overall focus, Moke the final check at normal intensity Trace Alignment Adjustment If a free-running trace is not parallet to the horizontal fgraticule lines, set the TRACE ROTATION adjustment (side Panel) a: follows. Position the trace to the center horizontal line. Adjust the TRACE ROTATION adjustment so the trace it porellel with the horizontal graticule lines Light Filter ‘The mesh filer provided with the Type 454 provides shield. ing against radiated EMI electro-magnetic interference) from the face of the CRT. It also serves as a light filer to make the Wace more visible under high ambient light con- ditions. To remove the filler, pross down ot the bottom of the frame ond pul the top of the filler away from the CRT face- plate [see Fig. 2). The fisted light filter minimizes light reflections from the face of the CRT to improve contast when viewing the dis: play under high ombien’ light conditions. “A clear plastic faceplate protector is also provided with this instrument for ‘use when neither the mesh nor the tinted filler is used. The clear faceplate protector provides the best display for wove- form photographs. It is also preferable for viewing high wating rote displays A filer of the faceplate protector should be used at all times to protect the CRT faceplate from scratches. The face. plate protector ond the tinted light fiter mount in the same holder. To remove the light filler or faceplate protector from the holder, press it out to the rear. They can be replaced by snapping them back into the holder. Beam Finder The BW.8EAM FINDER switch provides @ means of locat ing @ display which overscans the viewing orea either ver 29Operating Inst ions—Type 454/R454 TYPE 454 TEST SETUP CHART fiz TYPE 454 OSCILLOSCOPE : 4 oomFig, 2-6, Removing the filer of oceplte protec ticolly oF horizontally. When the BW-BEAM FINDER switeh is pressed down, the dlsploy is compressed within the groti- cule area. To locate and repostion en overscanned display, se the following procedure 1, Press the BW-BEAM FINDER switch down, 2, While the BW-8EAM FINDER switch is held down, increase the vertical and horizontal deflection factors until the vertical dellection is reduced to obou! tive divisions ‘ord the horizontal dellection is reduced 10 about four divi- sions (the horizontal deflection noeds to be reduced only When in the XY mode of operation). 3. Adjust the vertical and horizontal position controls to center the display about the verical and horizontal con ter lines 4. Release the BW-BEAM FINDER switch; the display should remein within the viewing ores. Graticule The graticule of the Type 454 is internally morked on the faceplate of the CRT to provide accurate, no-poraliox meas urements. The graticule is marked with six verical and 10 horizontal divisions. Each division i OB centimeter squore In addition, each major division is divided into five minor divisions at the center vertical ond horizontal lines. The ver ‘ical gain and horizontal timing are calibrated to the graticule $0 accurole measurements can be made from the CRT. The illuminotion of the gratievle lines can be varied with the SCALE ILLUM coniral Fig. 27 shows the graticule of the Type 454 and defines the various meaturement lines. The terminology’ defines here ‘will be used in all_diseusions involving graticule measure: Operating Instructions—Type 454/R454 Fig. 2.7, Definition of messerment lines on Type 454 graicla Vertical Channel Selection Either of the input choanels can be used for single-roce displays. Apply the signal to the desited INPUT comector fond set the MODE switch to diplay the chanel vied. However, since CH. ONLY triggering is provided only in Channel T and the INVERT feature is provided only in Chon nel 2, the correct channel must be selected to toke advan toge of these features. For dualsvoce displays, connect the signals to both INPUT connectors and set the MODE switch to one of the dualtrace postions Vertical Gain Adjustment To check the goin of either chonnel, set the VOLTS/DIV switch 10.2 and connect the 1V CAL | KHz connector to the INPUT connector of the channel used. The vertical de: flection should be exactly five divitions, front pane! GAIN odjustment for exaclly five deflection NoTE If the goin of the two channels must be closely matched (such as for ADD mode operation), the fediustment procedure given in the Calibration tection should be used, The best meosurement accwrocy when using probes is provided if the GAIN adjustment is made with the probes Installed (set the VOLTS/DIV switch to 20mV}. Also, to Provide the mast accurate measurements, coibrote the ver ical gain of the Type 454 at the temperature at which the measurement is to be made, Step Attenuator Balance To check the step attenuator balance of either channel, set the Inout Coupling switch to GND ond set the A SWEEP MODE switch to AUTO TRIG to provide © free-running trace, Change the VOLTS/DIV switch from 20mV to 5 mV. 211Operating Instructions—Type 454/R454 IK the trace moves vertically, adjust the front-panel_ STEP ATTEN BAL adjustment as follows (allow at lecst 10 minutes warm up before performing this adjustment, 1, With the Input Coupling switch set to GND and the VOLTS/DIV switch set to 20 mV, move the trace to the cantor horizontal line of the graticule with the vertical POSITION control 2, Set the VOLTS/DIV switch to Sm ond aaiust the STEP ATTEN BAL adjustment to return the Wace 10 the center horizontal line 3. Recheck step attenuator balance and repeat adjustment until no trace. shift occurs as the VOLTS/DIV switch is changed from 20mV to Sm¥. Signal Connections In general, probes offer the most convenient means of connecting a signal t0 the input of the Type 454. The Tek tronix probes are shielded to prevent pickup of electrostatic inteference, A 10% ottenvator probe offers a high input impedance and allows the circuit under test to perform very close to normal operating conditions. However, @ 10% probe olso ottenuotes the input signal 10 times. The Tek ‘ronix P6O4S Field Effect Transistor probe offers the same highsinput impedonce as the 10% probes. However, it is porticularly useful since it provides wide-band operation ‘while presenting no attenuation (1% gain) and a low input capacitance, To obtein maximum bandwidth when using the probes, observe the grounding considerations given in the probe ‘manuals. The probeto-connector adopters and the ayonetiground tip provide the best frequency response. Remember that © ground strap only o few inches in length con produce several percent of ringing when operating at the higher frequency lim of this system [eee Fig. 28). Fig. 29 grophicelly illestates the usable frequeney range lat Upper —3.B point} of vorious Tektronix probes when used with the Type 454 (for deflection factors from 20mV to TOV). Only-a few of the available probes are shown in this chert. ‘See your Tektronix, Ine. catalog for character isles and compatibility of other probes for this system. In high-frequency opplications requiring moximum overcll bondwidth, use cooxiol cable: terminated at both ends in their characteristic impedance. To maintain the high ie quency characteristics of the applied signal, use highquel- ily, lowloss cable. Resistive coaxial olfenvators can be uted to minimize reflections due to the 20 pF input capac tance if the applied signal has sufficient amplitude. High-level, low-frequency signals con be connected direct ly to the Type 454 INPUT connectors with short unshielded leads. This coupling method works best for signals below fabout one kilehertz and deflection factors above one volt] division. When this method is used, estoblish « common ground between the Type 454 and the equipment under test common ground provided by line cords is usually inode uate). Altompt fo position the leads away from any source of interference to ovoid ertors in the display. If interference {s excessive with unshielded leads, use a coaxial cable or o probe 2.12 Loading Effect of the Type 454 As nearly 05 possible, simulate actual operating condi tions in the equipment under tes. Otherwise, the equipment under test may not produce @ normal signal. The 10 tttenuator and field effect transistor probes mentioned pre: Viously offer the least circuit loading. ‘See the probe instruc ion manual for leading characteristics of the probes When the signal is coupled dlrectly to the input of the Type 454, the input impedance is about one megohm par alleled by about 20 pF. When the signal is coupled to the input through @ coaxial cable, the effective input capaciOperating Instructions—Type 454/R454 ton 0d) poe} wyo o§ oH) YAM Aunysues wneycow jla/ye | (eno) Asus wneyeoe Naive | (nerd Avene mawrsou Adie oqouvepu, "Ho ‘ines ayers Aa uenyp vay (wujed gp ¢— sieuytouddoy Guydee> eqerd Jo 9640) Aruenbery 6-2 “Sy <— bvenens 0 mite 100 mie pone ke ro me pimps see @ Pues eisozose 1080 ret/ei0%4 eon svove 11098 No a 2.13Operating Instructions—Type 454/R454 ance depends upon the type and length of cable used and the frequency of the signal Input Coupling The Channel 1 ond 2 Input Coupling switches allow choice of input coupling. The type of display desired de- fermines the mode of input coupling used. The DC patition can be used for most applications, How: ever, if the DC component of the signal is much larger then the AC component, the AC position will probably provide 4 better display. DC coupling should be used to display [AC signals below about 10 hertz os they will be attenuated in the AC positon. In the AC position, the DC component of the signal is blocked by @ capacitor in the input circuit. The low-fre quency response in the AC postion is about 10 hertz (—3¢B point). Therefore, some low-frequency distortion can be ex- pected near this frequency limit. Distortion will also appear in square waves which have low-frequency components, The GND position provides © ground reference ot the ingut of the Type 454. The signal opplied to the INPUT connector i internally disconnected but not grounded. The input circuit is held ot ground potential, elimineting the need to externally ground the input fo establish © DC ground reference. The GND position can also be used to pre-charge the coupling capacitor to the average voltage level of the sig ral apnlied to the INPUT connector. This allows measure iment of only the AC component of signals having both AC ‘and DC components. The pre:charging network incorporated jn this unit allows the input coupling capacitor to charge 40 the OC source vollage level when the Input Coupling switch is sot to GND. The procedure for using this feature is 0 follows: 1. Before connecting the signal containing a DC compo- nent to the Type 454 INPUT connector, set the Input Cou- pling switch to GND. Then connect the’signal to the INPUT connector. 2, Wait about one second for the coupling capacitor to charge. 3, Set the Input Coupling switch to AC. The trace (dis: play) will remain on the sereen and the AC component of the signal can be measured in the normal monner Deflection Factor The amount of verical deflection produced by a signal is determined by the signal amplitude, the attenuation fac: tor of the probe (if used}, the setting of the VOLTS/DIV switch and the seting of the VARIABLE VOLTS/OIV control The colibrated deflection factors indicated by the VOLTS/ DIV switches apply only when the VARIABLE contol is set te the CAL positon. The VARIABLE VOLTS/DIV control provides variable (un- calibrated) vertical deflection between the calibrated set tings of the VOLTS/DIV switch. The VARIABLE control ex- 214 tends the maximum vertical deflection factor of the Type 454 fo atleast 25 volts/division (10 volts postion). Probe Power Connectors The two PROBE POWER connectors on the front ponel of this instrument provide operating power for active probe systems such os the Tektronix P6O4S Field Effect Tronsstor Probe. It is not recommended that this connector be used fas @ power source for applications other than the com- patible probes. However, if used for other applications, Fimit the maximum current from both connectors to 50 mil amperes from the +-12-velt terminal and 100 milliamperes from the —T2velt terminal. Maintain @ constant load on the supplies to avoid adding transients to the system. Dual-Trace Operation Alternate Mode. The ALT position of the MODE switch produces a display which alternates between Channel 1 ‘and 2 with each sweep of the CRT. Although the ALT mode can be used at all sweep rates, the CHOP mode provides @ mote satisfactory display at sweep rates below about 20 rmicroseconds/division. At these slower sweep rates, alter rote mode switching becomes visually perceptible. Proper internal triggering in the ALT mode can be ob- tained in either the NORM or CH 1 ONLY positions of the TRIGGER switch. When in the NORM position, the sweep is tiggered from the signal on each channel. This pro- vides @ stable disploy of two unrelated signals, but does not indicate the time relationship between the signals. In the CHT ONLY position, the two signals are displayed showing true time relationship. If the signals are not time feloted, the Channel 2 waveform will be unstable in the CHT ONLY position Chopped Mode. The CHOP position of the MODE switch produces @ display which is electronically switched between channels. In general, the CHOP mode provides the best aplay oF sweep roles slower thon bout 20 microseconds) division of whenever dual:iace, single-shot phenomena are to be displayed. AY faster sweep rates the chopped switch ing becomes apporent and may interfere with the display. Proper internal triggering for the CHOP mode is provided conly when the TRIGGER switch i set to CH 1 ONLY. If the NORM positon is used, the sweep circuits are triggered from the between-channel switching signal and both wave- forms will be unstable. External triggering from a signal which is Simestelated Yo either signal provides the some result ag CHT ONLY triggering. ‘Two signals which ore time-elated con be displayed in the ‘chopped mode showing true time relationship. How: ‘ever, if the signals are not time-related, the Channel 2 dis- play will appear unstable. Two single-shot, transient, or random signals which occur within the time interval determined by the TIME/DIV switch {10 times sweep rate) can be compared vsing the CHOP mode. To rigger the sweep correctly, the Channel 1 sig ral must precede the Channel 2 signal. ‘Since the signals show true time relationshin, time-diference measurements ‘can be made.Bandwidth Limiter ‘The BW-BEAM FINDER switch provides a method of re- ducing interference from unwanted high-frequency signals ‘when viewing low-frequency signals. In the FULL positon, the full bandwidth capobilties of the Vertical Deflection system are available. When set to the MHz postion (up, the upper —3dB bandwidth point of the Vertical Def tion system is limited to about six megahertz. Then un- ‘wanted high-frequency signals (such as television broad- cast radiation interference) are reduced in the displayed waveform. Fig. 2-10 illustrates the use of this feature. The waveform in Fig. 210A is the disploy produced when © low-level, low-frequency signal is viewed in the presence of strong 50-megahertz radiation (BW-BEAM FINDER switch in FULL position. Fig, 2-108 shows the resultant CRT dis: play when the high-frequency interference is reduced by felting the BW-BEAM FINDER switch to the 5MHz position. Fig. 2-10. (A) CRT diaplay showing high-treqwency Interference ‘Shon ohompting te sir fowleva_lowsrequeneysgnel, (0) {reolont deploy when” BW-BEAM FINDER switch to set Yo 3 MI pester Channel 1 Output and Cascaded Operation If a lower deflection foctor thon provided by the VOLTS/ DIV switches is desired, Channel 1 con be sed as a wide bond preamplifier for Channel 2. Apply the input signal fo the INPUT CH 1 connector. Connect a 50-chm BNC Operating lnstructions—Type 454/R454 cable (18:inch cable for maximum cascaded frequency sponse) between the CH 1 OUT connector on the side panel fond the INPUT CH 2 connector. Set the MODE switch to (CH 2 and the TRIGGER switch to NORM. With both VOLTS/ DIV switches set to SmV, the deflection factor is less than ‘one millvolt/ division. To provide colibrated one millivolt/divsion deflection foctor, connect the Calibrator signal 1o the INPUT CH 1 connector. Set the CH 1 VOLTS/DIV switch to 1 ond the GH 2 VOLTS/DIV switch to SmV. Adjust the CH 2 VARE ABLE control to produce a display exacly five divisions in ‘amplitude, The cascaded deflection factor is determined by dividing the CH 1 VOLTS/DIV switch setting by 5 (CH 2 VOLTS/DIV switch ond CH 2 VARIABLE control remain fs set abovel. For example, with the CH 1 VOLTS/DIV ‘witch set to SmV, the calibroted deflection factor will be fone milvolt/divsion; CH 1 VOLTS/DIV switch set to 10 mV, 2 millvais/division, ete. e following operating considerations ond basic appli- cotions may suggest other uses for this feature. 1. HAC coupling is desired, set the Channel 1 Input Coupling switch to AC and leave the Channel 2 Input Cou- pling switch set to DC. When both Input Coupling switches ‘are set to DC, DC signal coupling is provided. 2. Keep the CH 1 and CH 2 POSITION controls set near midrange. If the input signal has a DC level which neces- sitoles one of the POSITION controls being turned awoy from midrange, correct operation can be obtained by keep- ing the CH 2 POSITION control near midrange and using the CH T POSITION control to position the trace near the desired location, Then, use the CH 2 POSITION control for exact positioning. "This method will keep both Input Preamps operating within their lineor range. 3. The output voltage at the CH 1 OUT connector is ot least 25 milivolts/dvision of CRT display in all CH 1 VOLTS/ DIV switch positions. ‘4, The MODE switch ond CH 1 VARIABLE control have 10 effect on the signal available at the CH 1 OUT con- rector. 5, The Channel 1 Input Preamp can be used as an im- pedance matching stage with or without voltage gain. The Input resistance is one megohm and the output resistonce is about 30 ohms. 6, The output level at the CH 1 OUT connector is about 0 volt DC for a 0 volt DC input level (CH 1 POSITION con- trol centered). The CH 1 POSITION control can be used to center the output signal within the dynamic range of the amplifier 7. Wf duol-trace operation i uted, the signal applied to the INPUT CH 1 connector is displayed when Channel 1 ig turned on. When Channel 2 is turned on, the amplified signal i displayed. Thus, the input signal can be monitored bby Channel 1 while the ompliied signal is displayed by Channel 2. 8. In special applications where the flat frequency re: sponse of the Type 454 is no! desired, a filter insorted between the CH 1 OUT and INPUT CH 2 connectors allows the oscilloscope to essentially take on the frequency re- sponse of the filer. Combined with method 7, the input 215Operating Instructions—Type 454/R454 con be monitored by Chonnel 1 and the filtered signal displayed by Channel 2. 9. By using Channel 1 as a 5X low-level voltage pre: ‘amplifier (SV postion), the signal avoilable at the CH 1 OUT connector can be ‘used for any application where a low-impedance preamplified signal it needed, Remember that if'0 50-ohm load impedance is used, the output signal ‘amplitude is about one-half Algebraic Addition General. The ADD position of the MODE switch can be used to display the sum or difference of two signals, for common-mode rejection to remove an undesired signal, or for OC offset (applying @ DC voltage to one channel to offset the OC component of @ signal on the other channel The common-mode rejection ratio of the Type 454. is grecter thon 1011 of 50 megahertz for signal emplitdes Up to eight times the VOLTS/DIV switch setting. Rejection ratios of 100:1 can typically be achieved between DC and five megahertz by eorefl adjustment of the goin of either char nel while observing the displayed common-mode signal Deflection Factor. The overall deflection in the ADD position of the MODE switch when both VOLTS/DIV switches fare set to the same position is the same os the deflection factor indicated by either VOLTS/DIV switch. The ompli- tude of an added mode display can be determined directly from the resultant CRT deflection multiplied by the defiec- tion factor indicated by either VOLTS/DIV switch. However, if the CH 1 ond CH 2 VOLTS/DIV switches ore set to dif- ferent deflection factors, the resultant voltage is difficult to determine from the CRT display. In this cose, the volt- ‘age amplitude of the resultant display can be determined ‘ccurctely only if the amplitude of the signal applied to tither channel it known Precautions. The following general precautions should bbe observed when using the ADD mode. 1. Do not exceed the input voltage rating of the Type 454 2. Do not apply signals that exceed an equivalent of about eight times the VOLTS/DIV switch seting, For ex: ‘ample, with @ VOLTS/DIV switch setting of .5, the voltage ‘applied to that channel should not exceed about four volt. Lorger voltages may distort the display. 3. Use CH 1 and CH 2 POSITION contol settings which most nearly postion the signal of each channel to mid sereen when viewed in either the CH 1 or CH 2 positions fof the MODE switch, This insures the greatest dynamic range for ADD mode operation. 4. For similor response from each channel, set the CH 1 fond CH 2 Input Coupling switches to the some positon Trigger Source INT. For most applications, the sweep con be Wriggered internally. In the INT position of the Triggering SOURCE switch, the trigger signal is obtained from the Vertical De flection System. The TRIGGER switch provides furher selection of the infernal trigger signal; obtoined from the 2-16 Channel 1 signal in the CH 1 ONLY position, or from the displayed signal when in the NORM potion. For single plays of either channel, the NORM position pro: vides the most convenient operation. However, for dual- ‘race displays, special considerations must be made to pro- vide the correct display. See Dval-Traco Operation in this, section for dualtrace triggering information. LINE, The LINE position of the SOURCE switch connects 1 sample of the powerline voltage to the Trigger Gener- ftor. Line triggering is useful when the input signal is time related (multiple or subsmultiple) to the line frequency. It is also wselul for providing @ stable display of a line- frequency component ino complex waveform. EXT. An external signal connected to the EXT TRIG INPUT connector can be used fo trigger the sweep in the EXT position of the SOURCE switch, The external signal must be timeelated to the displayed signal for a stable display. An external Wigger signal can be used to provide © triggered display when the internal signal is too low in ‘amplitude for correct triggering, or contains signal compo- nents on which it is not detired to trigger. tis also use- ful when signal tracing in amplifies, phaseshift networks, ‘wave-sheping circuits, etc. The signal from a single point in the circuit under fest can be connected fo the EXT TRIG INPUT connector through a signal probe or cable. The sweep it then triggered by the some signal ot all times and ‘allows amplitude, time relationship or waveshape changes of signels at various points in the circuit to be ‘examined without resetting the trigger controls. EXT + 10. Operation in the EXT + 10 position is the same os described for EXT except thet the external trig geting signal is attenuated 10 times. Attenuation of high ‘amplitude external trigger signals is desirable to broaden the range of the Triggering LEVEL control. When the COU: PLING switch is set to LF REJ, attenuation is about 20: Trigger Coupling Four methods of coupling the trigger signal to the trig ‘ger circils can be selected with the Triggering COUPLING Switches. Each positon permits selection or rejection of the frequency components of tho trigger signal which will tig ger the sweep. Fg. 211 graphically ilustotes the band ff frequencies which each position of the coupling. switch AC. The AC position blocks the DC component of the trigger signal. Signals with low-frequency components below about 30 hertz are attenvated. In general, AC cov ing can be used for most applications. However, if the iager signal contains unwanted frequency components or if the sweep it to be Wiggered ot a low repetition rate or {2 DC level, one of the remaining COUPLING switch posi- tions will provide @ better display. The triggering point in the AC position depends on the average voliage level of the trigger signol. IF the Wrigger fignals occur in a random fashion, the average voltage level will vary, causing the triggering point to vary alse ‘This shift of the triggering point may be enough so it is impossible to maintain a stable display. In such casos, use DC coupling,Operating Instructions—Type 454/R454 AW 001 spurts NTENOD PUP Y eu! Je LoNqed ypos je eBuos A>vonberg “14-2 “fy saw ot 244001 Hoot ” 20 m 217Operating Instrucions—Type 454/454 UF REJ. In the LE REY position, DC is rejected and sig- nals below about 50 tilohertz are cHenuoted. Therefore, the sweep will be triggered only by the higher-requency com- ponents of the signal. This position ts particulary useful for Providing stable triggering if the tigger contains line-re- quency components. Also, in the ALT posiion of the MODE Switch, the LF REI position provides: the best display at fast sweep rates when comporing two unrelated signals TRIGGER’ switch set to NORM) HF REJ. The HF REJ position posses all. low-frequency signals between about 30 hertz and 50 kilohertz. DC is fejected ond signals outside the above range are attenuated. ‘When triggering from complex waveforms, this position is ‘eful for providing stable disploy of the low-frequency com- ponents. DC. DC coupling can be used to provide stoble trigger- ing with low-frequency signals which would be attenvated in the AC position, or with low-epetition rate signals. The LEVEL control can be adjusted to provide triggering at the desired DC level on the waveform. When using internal ‘wiggering, the setting of the CH 1 and CH 2 POSITION controls affects the DC triggering level. DC trigger coupling should not be used in the ALT duat- ‘race mode if the TRIGGER switch is set to NORM. If used, the sweep will rigger on the DC level of one trace and then cither lock out completely or free run on the other trace Correct DC triggering for this mode can be obtained with the TRIGGER switch set to CH 1 ONLY. Trigger Slope The Tiggring SLOPE swith deterines wheter the tg: ger crevit responds on the positive-going or negative-going Portion of the trigger signal. When the SLOPE switch is in the +. (pesitve.going) position, the disploy starts with the pesiive-going portion of the waveform: in the — (neg- ative-going) position, the display starts with the negative- going portion of the wavelorm [see Fig. 2-121. When sev- eral cycler of a signal appear in the display, the seting of the SLOPE switch is offen unimportant. However, if only {@ certain portion of a cycle is to be displayed, correct set- ting of the SLOPE switch is important to provide a display which starts on the desired slope of the input signal. Trigger Level The Triggering LEVEL control determines the voltage level ga,te taping weeorm ol which he rep i gga, ‘When the LEVEL contral is set in the -+ region, the Grea responds che more. positive. point on the tigger signal. When the LEVEL control is set in the — region, the trigger circuit responds at a more negative point on the er signal. Fig. 212 illustrates this effect with different satings of the SLOPE switch. To. set the LEVEL control, first select the Triggering SOURCE, COUPLING ond SLOPE. Then set the LEVEL con- trol fully counterclockwise and rotate it clockwise until the display sorts at the desired point 218 High-Frequency Stobility The HF STAB contol {A ony) is most useful at frequencies above about 40 megahertz or with signals which conlain high frequency components. If @ stable display cannot be ‘obtained uring the A LEVEL contol (rigger signal must hove ‘odequate amplitude), adjust the HF STAB control for mini- tum horizontal iter in the cisplay. A Sweep Triggered Light The A SWEEP TRIGD light provides « conveniantingi- cafion of the condition of the A Triggering circuit. If the 1 Tagering controls ore corretly acted with an ade. is on. However, if tsadjsted, the A COUPLING or ‘A'SOURCE switches incorecly se, othe tigger signal too low in amplitude, the A SWEEP TRIG'D LIGHT will be off This feoture con be used ot a general indication of corect triggering. I is panticulrly veh when seting up the Nig- ger circuits when o trigger signal is available without a Yfoce displayed on the CRT; 11 lio indicates thot the A sweep i correctly Wriggered when operating in the B (DE- LAYED SWEEP) mode. ‘A Sweep Mode AUTO TRIG. The AUTO TRIG position of the A SWEEP MODE switch provider a stable display when the A LEVEL control is correctly set (see Trigger Level inthis section} and © trigger signal i available. ‘The A SWEEP TRIG'D light indicates when the A Sweep Generator is triggered. When the tigger repetition rate is less than about 20 hertz, or in the absence of an adequate trigger signal, the ‘A Sweep Generator free runs to produce a reference trace. ‘When on adequate trigger signal is again applied, the free- running condition ends and the A Sweep Generator is trigr gered to produce a stable disploy (with correct LEVEL con- trol seting) NORM TRIG. Operation in the NORM TRIG position when o trigger signal is applied is the some os in the AUTO TRIG position. However, when a trigger signal is not pres- ‘ent, the A Sweep Generator remains off and there is no display. The A SWEEP TRIG light indicates when the A Sweep Generator is triggered. Use the NORM TRIG mode to display signals with rep- ‘fition rates below about 20 hertz. This mode provides an indication of an adequate trigger signal as well as the correciness of trigger control setings, since there is no dis: play without proper triggering. Also, the A SWEEP TRIGD Tight is off when the A sweep is not correctly triggered. SINGLE SWEEP. When the signol to be displayed is not repetitive or varies in amplitude, shape or time, 0 conven- tional repetitive disploy may produce on unstable presenta- tion. To avoid this, use the single-sweep feature of the Type 454, The SINGLE SWEEP mode con also be used to photo- graph a non-repeltve signal. To use the SINGLE SWEEP mode, first make sure the trigger circuit will respond to the event to be displayed. Set the A SWEEP MODE switch to AUTO TRIG or NORM TRIGOperating Instructions—Type 454/R454 tnd ebiain the best possible display in the normal manner lfor random signals set the trigger circuit to trigger on a Signal which is approximately the same amplitude and fre- {quency 0§ the random signal), Then, set the A SWEEP MODE switch to SINGLE SWEEP and press the RESET button. When the RESET button is pushed, the next trigger pulse initiates the sweep ond a single trace will be presented on the screen, After this sweep is complete, the A Sweep Gener- Gator is “locked oul” until reset. The RESET light located inside the RESET bulton lights when the A Sweep Generator circuit hos been reso! ond is ready to produce 0 sweep; it goes out afier the sweep is complete. To prepare the cir uit for another single-sweep display, press the RESET bution gain Selecting Sweep Rote ‘The A AND B TIME/DIV switches select calibrated sweop rates for the Sweep Generators. The A and B VARIABLE controls provide continuously variable sweep rates between the settings of the TIME/DIV switches. Whenever the UN- CALA OR B light is on, the sweep rate of either A or 8 Sweep Generator, or beth, is uncalibrated. The light is off when the A VARIABLE (front panel) and B TIME/DIY VARIABLE (side panel} controls ave both set to the CAL position, The sweep rate of the A Sweep Generator is bracketed by the two. black lines on the clear plastic inner flange of the TIME/DIV switch (see Fig. 2-13). The B Sweep Gen- erator sweep rate is indicated by the dot on the DELAYED SWEEP knob. When the dat on the outer knob is set 10 the some postion as the lines on the inner knob, the two knobs lock together ond the sweep rate of both Sweep Generators is changed ot the same time. However, when the DELAYED SWEEP knob is pulled outward, the inner flange is disengaged and only the B Sweep Generator sweep sate is changed. This allows changing the delayed Fig. 2-13. A and B TIME/DIV ewieh, 2-20 sweep tale without changing the delay fime determined by the A Sweep Generator ‘When making time measurements from the graticule, the ‘oreo belwean the firs-divsion and rinth-divsion vertical lines provides the most linear time measurement (see Fig. 2-14). ‘Therefore, the first and last division of the display should ot be used when making accurate time measurements Fig. 2-14, Area of graticule vied for eciree time measurement Sweep Magnification The sweep magnifier expands the sweep ten times, The center division of the urmagnified display i the partion visible on the screen in magnified form (see Fig. 215) Equivalent length of the magnified sweep is moce than 100 divisions: any 10-divsion portion may be viewed by adjust- ing the horizontal POSITION control to bring the desired portion onto the viewing oreo, The FINE (position) control is particularly useful when the magnifier is on, as it pro Vides positioning in smaller increments for more precise con- trol To use the magnilied sweep, first move the portion of the display, which is to be exponded, to the center of the grati- cule. Then set the MAG switch to X10, The FINE postion ] Pho mplide from avalcer |compenstin Fig. 2-7, Vertical Output Amplifier detailed ie 3-10 siogrom.Push-Pull Amplifier Stages General. The 12 transistors following the Buffer Ampl fier stage form three similar, four-trarsstor amplifier stages. Fig. 3-8 shows an equivalent circuit of the basic push-pull malifier configuration. The current goin (infin) is slightly less than the ratio of R, to Re. The configuration used for each of these push-pull amplifier stages provides a higher gain-bandwidth’ product than @ single poir of transistors. The improved response results from the reduction in miller copacitance of the first poir of vansistors (common ernitter] because of the low input impedance of the second pair of transistors (common base Fig. 3-8, Equivalent crit of Push-Pull Amplifier stages. First Push-Pull Amplifier. This stage has less than unity current gain at low frequencies, but the current gain ot higher frequencies rises due to the compensating network in the emitter circuit of Q324 and 44, The emitter peaking network, C327-R327.CA26.RA26, com ppensates for the high-frequency rolloff at the vertical deflee tion plates due to the termination resistance and the capoc: itance of the output transistors, Q394 and Q494, C426 and R426 in this network are the high-trequency pecking adjust men's for this circuit. Diodes D323-D324.0325-0420.0424 425 long with thermistor R424 provide thermal compensa tion to provide bandwidth stabilization. The diodes are held reverse biased and they appear in the circuit as a positive femperotore coefficient capacitance, Thermistor R424 has @ negative temperature coefficient. R424 and the diodes have © pecking effect which increases with temperature to coun tercct the opposite tendency of the basic amplifier. The Vertical Position Centering adjustment, R334, adjusts the ‘quiescent DC levels in the Vertical Output Amplifier circuit fo provide @ centered trace when the inputs of the emplifier are a! the same potential (shorted together) Second Push-Pull Amplifier. The network C337-13%6. L337-R335_ and CA37-LA36-L437 RASS in the base circuit of 854.0454 provides inductive peaking for the amplifier. Adjustable emitter peaking is provided by C353.R353 for Circuit Description—Type 454/R454 optimum frequency response. Bandwidth limiting is pro: vided by relay K442A when the BW-BEAM FINDER switch, SW345, is in the SMHz position (up). K442A is actuated to connect C335 between the bases of 354.0454 and this additional capacitive loading limits the bendwid'h of the amplifier to about five megahertz. In the BEAM FINDER position, this switch limits the gain of Q354.Q454 to com- press an offscreen display within the groticule orea. Nor- mally, the emitter curent for Q354-Q454 js supplied through parallel paths, SW345-1343 ond R340, When SW345 is in the BEAM. FINDER position, the current source through SW345-L343_ is interrupted ond the only emitter current source for Q354.Q454 is through R340, With current being supplied only through R340, the emitter current of this stage drops to about 15% of the normal value and the display i compressed vertically within the graticule orea, The signal at the collectors of Q354-Q454 is connected to the emitters of Q364.0484 through C355-R355.R356.R357 cond CA5S-RASS.RASE.RAS7. BSS and RASS provide domp: ing for the collectors of Q354-Q454, Transformer T35B re. duces the common-mode signal components in the push-pull signal applied to the following stages, Output Push-Pull Amplifier. The collector signal from 2364-464 js connected to the input of the first transistor pair of the Output Push-Pull_ Amplifier through C368-D363, £368 “ond C468-L468.0463, Zener diodes D363 ond D463 provide the correct DC voltage match between Q364.Q374 fond Q464.Q474 with @ minimum of signal attenuation (€368:L368 ond C468-L468 provide o constant lood for Q364- (Q464, The Vertical Gain adjustment, R365, varies the source resistance of Q374-Q474 to set the goin of the Vertical Output Amplifier circuit. C373 and thermistor R373 provide cmitter peaking and temperature compensation for band: ‘width stabilization. Emitter follower Q388 and variable resistor RIB2 set tho bose voltage level of Q394.C474 which in turn sets the collector valtage level of 374.0474, Zener diode 0388 fabove SN 817000 only) protects Q3%4-Q494 iF Q4B8 should foil by clamping their beses at about +135 volts The output signal is connected to the vertical deflection plates of the CRT through the buffer transistors Q394.Q494, A distributed deflection plate system is used in this insicu- ment for moximum frequency response and sensitivity. The deflection signal from the Vertical Output Amplifier is con. nected to the integral inductors in the CRT, odjustable in. uctors (394-1494 and the terminating network C394-R374 R397 ond C4P4-RAP4 RAG7._As the signal posses through the integral inductors in the CRT, its velocity is essentially the same fs the velecity of the electron beam passing between the ver- fical deflection plates. This synchronism of the deflection signol and the electron beam reduces the loss in high fre- {quency sensitivity due fo electzon transit finie through the election plotes. Inductors 394-1494 and resistors RIP4-RAP4 fre adjusted to minimize signal reflections by providing the Correct termination for the vertical deflection plote structure. TRIGGER PREAMP General ‘The Trigger Preamp circuit amplifies the internal trigger signal 10 the level necessary to dive the A and 8 Triggeription—Type 454/R454 eee nse “aSieat | fee 2 ‘srane setter Fig. 3:9. Tigger Pomp deal Generator circuits. Input signal for the Trigger Preamp circuit is either © sample of the signal applied 10 Channel 1 or sample of the composite vertical signl from the Vertical Switehing circuit. This circuit alo provides o signal to the Horizontal Amplifier for XV mode operation. Fig. 3-9 shows o detailed block diagram of the Trigger Preamp cic. A Schematic of this cireui ie thown on diagram § at the rear of this manval Input Amplifier ‘The imernal trigger signal from the Vertical Deflection System is connected to the Trigger Preamp Input Amplifier through the TRIGGER switch, SW2388. Wher the TRIGGER switch is in the NORM position, the trigger signal is @ somple (of the composite vertical signol in the Vertical Switching cir cuit, This signal is obtained from the collector of Q274 and isa sample of the displayed chonnel (or channols for dua! trace operation). Since the signal source follows the Switch ing Moltivibrator stage, the NORM trigger signal also in- 3-12 ck dlosrom, ‘teciter tnpet 180-272, [> fectier ine mor enn08 e107 3-29Circuit Deseription—Type 454/R454 level, This occurs as follows: The comparator action of QN16 and Q1124 ottempts to mointcin equal voltages at the bases of both transistors. If the —12 Volts edjustment, R124, is turned clockwise, the current through Q1I24 in ‘creases (Q1124 base tends to go mote positive than the bose ‘of QII14) and the current through QI116 decreases. De creased current through QINI6 produces less voltage drop cross RITIB and the base of QI133. goes postive, The emitter of 21133 pulls the base of Q1I37 positive to increase the current through the load, thereby increasing the output voltage of the supply. This places more vollage across divider R1123-R1124-R1125 ond the divider action retuens the bose of QI124 to about —9 volts. A similor, But opposite, ‘action takes place when RI124 is turned counterclockwise $0 the base of Q1124 is more negative than the base of QUI6, The —12 Volts adjustment, R1124, is set to provide ‘o —I2-olt level at the output of this supply. The output valtage is regulated to provide a constant vot tage to the lood by feeding a sample of the ovtput back to the Series Regulator, 1137. For example, assume that the ‘output voltage increases more negative) because of a change in load or an increase in line voltage. This negative-going level ot the ovtput is opplied across the voltage divider R1123 RNT24:R1125 ond the base of Q1124 goes negative also. This reduces the current flow through Q1124 which allows QII6 to conduct more and its callector goes negative. When the collector of QII6 goes negative, the bias on Q1I33 is re duced, resulting in reduced current through the Series Reg lator, QUI37.. Reduced current through QII37 also means ‘hot there is less cuerent through the load and the ovtput voltage decreases (lets negalive). In o similar manner the Serias Regulator ond Ecor Amplifier stages compensate for ‘output changes due to ripple The Shoct-Protection Amplifier stoge, QI1I9, protects the —12-Voit Supply i the output is shorted. For normal oper ation the emitterbase voltage of Q1119 is nat enough to bias it on, However, when the output is shorted, high current is, demanded from the Series Regulator, Q1137, and this current flows through RI119, The voltage drop across RITIP be comes sufficient to forward bias Q1119 and its collector cur rent produces an increased voltage drop across RIIT8. The incredsed voltage drop acrass RIT16 reduces the current flow of both Q13 and Q1137 to limi the output current. DNV25 protects this circuit from damage if its output is shorted to fone of the positive supplies. This instrument is designed so that all power is interrupted if any one of the supplies i shorled to ground. 1120 re duces the —12-Volt Supply output if the ++12olts output is shorted. Since the operating level for Q1116 and Q1133 is ob tained from the -+75-valt output through RIIT8, the —12 Volt Supply is shot off f the +-75.volt culput is shorted. Like wise, since both the -+75:Volt Supply and the -+12-Volt Supply are referenced to the —12-volt output, these supplies ‘ore shut off if the —12:volt output is shorted. +12-Volt Supply Rectified voltage for operation of the ++12-Volt Supply is provided by DIV2A-D. This vollage is filtered by CI142- 21142 and connected to the -+12-Volt Sories Regulator and to the High-Voltage Oscillator stage in the CRT Circuit. Refer tence vollage for this supply is provided by voltage divider RIVS7-RI1S8-RTI59 between the regulated —1 volls and the oulput of this supply. The —12 volls is held stable by 3-30 the —12.Volt Supply ae discussed previously. If the +12valt ‘output chonges, this change appears atthe base of Q1154 as fon error signal. Regulation of the output voltage is con- trolled by the +12-Volt Series Regulator stage, QII67, in a similar monies to that described for the —12Velt Sepp The +12 Volts adjustment, R11S8, sets the output level to 412 volts. D118 and D1159 provide thermal compensation for the Error Amplifier. C1155:81155 improve response of the regulatar cireuit to low-frequency changes at the output. Shorting protection is provided by Q1149 ond RITA. If the output of this supply is shorted, Q1149 is biosed on 10 imit the conduction of the Series Regulator in the same man: ner as described for the —12-Volt Short Protection Amplifier D154 protects QIIS4 when the output of this supply is shorted +75-Volt Supply 117240 provides the rectified voltage for the +75-Volt Supply. C172 and R1172 filter the recified voltage which is connected to the -+75.Volt Series Regulator. Reference vol loge for this supply is provided by voltage -dvider 1187. RITBB.RITB9 between the regulated —12 volts and the out put of this supply. Since the ~12 vols is held stable by the 12-volt Regulator circuit, any change at the base of Error ‘Amplifier Q14 is due to a change at the output of the +75-Volt Supply. Regulation of the output voltage is com trolled by Ervor Amplifier Q184-Q11%3 and Series Regu: itor, QIT97, in a manner similor 10 thot described for the 12Volt Supply. The +75 Volts agiustment, 1188, sels the quiescent conduction level of the Error Amplifier stage to provide an output level of +75 volts. The output of the +150- Yolt Supply (unregulated) ie connected to the Error Ampli- fier to provide the eequired collecor level for stable oper tation. Zener diode D190 s01s the collector of QN193 at ‘abovt +80 volts ond zener diode 01182 establishes o level fof about +105 volts at tho junction of RII82-R1183. Then, RII83, zener diode DI184 and RI184 drop this voltage to the correct level for the operation of Q)1B4, DI189 provides thermal compensation for the Error Amplifier. 1194 protects this supply if the output is shorted to ground: WW this occurs, excess current i demanded from the Series Regulator, Q1197, and this additional current through R1197 raises the emitter of QUST mere positive. This produces @ corresponding change a! the bese of QVI97 which is con nected to Q1194 through divider R1193.R1194. Under normal Conditions, this divider sets the base level of Q1194 so Q)94 is about zero biased. However, when the output is shorted, the positive-going change across the civider RIT92-R1194 raises the base level of Q1194 positive and it is forward biesed. "When QI194 comes on, its collecior goss negative fond it turns 1193 off to reduce the current flow through the Series Regulator stage, Q1197, ond the output voltage drops teward ground. The output current also decreases and re mains low until the excessive load is removed. 1199 protecls {Q1193 and D1185 protects Q11B4 from excess reverse voltoge when the output is shorted. D1196 protects the +75-Volt Sup- tly from damage if itis shorted to the —12 volt supply. +150-Volt Unregulated Supply Reclfiers 01202 and D1212 provide the unregulated output for the +150-Volt Supply. The output of the +75-Volt Sup: ply is connected to the negotive side of the +150.Velt Sup-ply to elevate the output level to. +150 volts. Diodes D1202 fond DI212 are connected at 0 full-wave center-topped rect fier ond the output is filtered by C1202.C1204-81202.R)204 to hold the output level at about +150 volts. Fuse F204 protects this supply if the output is shorted 6.3-Volt RMS AC Source The &3.volt RMS secondary winding of THOI provides power for the POWER ON light, BIT07, and the seale illu: rmination lights B1108 ond 81109. The current through the scale illumination lights is controlled by the SCALE ILLUM control, 1108, to. change the ilumination of the graticule lines. Voltage divider RTIO4-R1105 provides @ sample of the line voltage to the A ond 8 Trigger Generator circuits for internal triggering at the line frequency VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION Diagram 14 shows the distribution of the output voltages from the Power Supply circuit to the circuit boards in this instrument. The decoupling networks which provide de- coupled operating voltages ore shown on this Diogram and ‘re not repeated on the individual circuit diagrams. CALIBRATOR General The Colibrator circuit produces @ square-wave output with accurate amplitude ond frequency. This output is available 08 @ squorewave voltage al he 1 V CAL kz connector and {8 @ square-wave current through the CURRENT PROBE CAL loop. Fig. 218 shows a detailed black diagram of the Cel ibrator circuit, A schematic ofthis circuit is shown on diagram 15 at the rear of this manual Circuit Desctiption—Type 454/R454 Oscillator IIS and its atsociated cireity comprises @ tuned- ‘relay, use @ heat sink on the lead if soldering close to the lass body 4, Clip aff the excess lead length beyond the solder posts a not clip the lead closer thon Yj inch from the glass body. Rotary Switches. Individual wafers or mechanical parts cof rotary switches are normally not replaceable, Ifa switch is defective, replace the entire ossembly. Replacement switches can be ordered either wired or unwired; refer tothe Electrical Parts List for the applicable part numbers When replacing @ switch, tag the leods ond switch ter- minals with corresponding identification tags as the leads ere izconnacted. Then, use the od switch os 6 guide for install. ing the new one. An alternate method is to draw a sketch of the switch layout and record the wire color at each terminal. ‘When soldering to the new switch, be careful that the soldor does no! flow beyond the rivets of the switch terminols. Spring tension of the switch contact con be destroyed by excessive solder. The swing-out chassis on the right side of the instrument provides access 10 the side of the TIME/DIV and HORIZ DIS- PLAY switches, The top ond bottom of these switches can be reached for easier repair or removal by removing the B Sweep board [top] or the A Sweep board (bottom ywer Transformer Replacement. The power tran former in this instrument is werranted for the life of the in strument. If the power transformer becomes defective, con tact your lacal Tektronix Field Office or representative for a warranty replacement (see the Warranty nota in the front of this manual. Be sure to replace only with e direct replace- ment Tektronix transformer When removing the onsformer, tag the leads with the corresponding terminal numbers to aid in conaecting the new transformer. “After the transformer is replaced, check the per- formance of the complete insirument using the Performance Check Procedure. High Voltage Compartment. The componcnis located in the high-voltage compariment can be reached for main tenance or replacement by using the following procedure. |, Remave the bottom cover of the instrument as described in this section, 2, Remove the high-voltage shield by loosening the three screws securing it 3. Remove the two screws which hold the plastic cover fon the high-voltage compartment ond remove the cover. 4, To remove the complete wiring assembly from the high: voltage compartment, remove the two screws which gothrough the wransformer. Be carefu! not to lose the heatsink block beneath the high-voltage transformer. Also remove the plastic screw on the other end of the highvoltage comport ‘ment. Now, unsolder the postdeflection anode lead (heavily insulated lead at the side of the compartment). The other leads are long enough to cllow the assembly to be lifted out of the compartment to recch the parts on the under side 5, To replace the highvollage comportment, reverse the order of remove. NOTE All solder joints in the high-voltage compartment should have smooth surfaces. Any protrusions may cause high-vollage orcing at high ltitudes. Power Chassis. The power transistors ond other heot lssipating power-supply components are mounted below the Low: Vollage Regulator board. Remove the Low-Voltage Res: vlator board to reach these components. To reach the under side of the chaste, remove the fan through the rear subponel. ‘Maintenance—Type 454/R454 Recalibration After Repair Aller any electrical component has been replaced, the calibration of that particular circuit should be checked, as well a: the calibration of other closely reloted circuits. Since the lowveliage supply affects all cseuts, calibration of the centie instrument should be checked if work hos been done jn the low-voltage supply of if the power wansformer has been replaced. The Performance Check Procedure in Sec: tion 5 provides a quick and convenient means of checking in sirument operation, Instrument Repackaging If the Type 454 is to be shipped for long distances by commercial means of transportation, it is recommended that the instrument be repackaged in the original menner for max: mum protection. The original shipping carton can be saved fond uted for this purpase. Fig. 46 illesttes how to repack tage the Type 454 and gives the part numbers fer the packag ing components if new items are needed. Fig, 47 illustrates how to repackage the Type R454 and the applicable part numbers. sembly, Tetrix Pe 18.0076:00. Oster box; 004-0679.00 Case halves (29; 004-0222-00 Plestie bag: 006-0347-00 4 Accetsory box ond pad; 004- Oeas-00 Fig. 4-6. Repeckoging the Type 454 for shipment. 4-13Maintenance—Type 454/R454 Complete cont ont Nov'oes-o10' 1; 04-0860-00 004-0259-00 (904-0360-00 6 Outer box: 004-0461-00 ; 004.0462.00 Fig. 4.7. Repackaging the Type RASA for shipment, 414Mointenonce—Type 44/8454 Fig, 4-8, Location of cuit beards in the Type 454. 415‘Maintenance—Type 454/R454 ©1266 oddea or SN 905000 ‘AS! Binet on wht Fig. 49, Potiol Vertical Preamp crit board. Vercal Switching end pert Ch 1 ond 2 Vericl Preamp circuits shown 4-16 ®Maintenance—Type 454/R454Mointenance—Type 454/8454 Fig. 4:11, Rear of Vertical Preamp civil beard (pert! 4-18‘Maintenance Type 454/R454Maintenonce—Type 454/R454 : eke © shit Coe es WU Orn-em on gy (conn)? — op get & Sh 8170000 tee OF Berets on wht Wee ere giaceh Millers $ 4 Orman on 0750) if Tiez02; 00 Sees) LS Yd gant a nna ‘wines connsced though hale im boon Fis. A-13A. Partial A Sweep dri! boord. (SN 2010100 to 8219999). A Sweep Generator cic) shown, 4-20Maintenance Type 454/R454 " Bikcor on wht °" Shield for -W" CV cof vient s}66] 2098, reKTROND ay (coon) * 6 Shield for Berek on. wh 0 Shield for ; “© Geman on gy (e008) ———¥9 fc728 Seo urieas i fezis a Sy psi 5 e Sty fe ) . * — fasfafse fo fy fa ; EE esas 4 “as ues connected through hole in Board eRe Fla. 4-138, Pomel A Sweep chclt beord. (above SN 82200001. A Sweep Generoter cicuit shown, 4-21Maintenance Type 454/R454 a es e f< 5 a o . 268% i i Ved sent su iene co asta Bas 1! Shield for “C0! "eB" Ornsarn on gy (coon) “eB Bly on wht Fig. 4-144, Posie! & Swen bboard 15H 8010100 te 8219999). A Tyger Generator ond Ts reomp drt shown 4-22Maintenance Type 454/R454Maintenonce Type 454/R454 wives connected thovsh ole in Boor ee Fig. 4-15, Peril ® Sweep cvcut board, Hevsontal Ampiier end portial B Sweep Genartor ici shown.Maintenance Type 454/R454 “ea Yel on wht “Az Omem on gy (coax! 2038 odded 1856 oddest SN 8260000 ‘SN Bos 1898 eddes sso000 AY" shisld for Az" 1836 odded SN 0260000 "EG" Shield for “oH 136 edded ‘CH Omerie on gy (coms) an saeees: osm fs “ox wh rates EU Om an wit {pete Viera on wht Viesrn-bk on wht Aivgin-bike on wht Wekte on ay teoon! “8H! Ormed on ay (coax! "aN Shield for “BH | eer timed on fn "AB" Shield for ‘AC Whnyel on gy feeen! Fig. 4-16, Paria! 8 Sweep Circuit boord. B Tugger Generator and portal B Sweep Genertor ceils shown, 4-25‘Maintenance Type 44/2454 r ) ty pwr sur Le aired 1470.0489.00 ASSY on oh sanlow SN a020240, Xe Beye on ig. 417, Low Veltage Regulater cit boord 4-26‘Maintenance Type 454/R454 ig, 4.18, Colitrater creuit board. 4-27Maintenance Type 454/2454Type 454/R454 SECTION 5 PERFORMANCE CHECK Introduction This section of the manual provides @ procedure for rapidly checking the performance of the Type 454. This proceduce checks the operation of the instrument without removing the covers or making internal adjustments. However, screwdriver adjustments which are located on the front panel are adjusted in this procedure, IF the instrument does not meet the performance require ments given in thi procedure, internal checks and/or adj: mens are required. See the Calibration section. All per fermance requirements given in this section correspond to those given in Section 1 of this manval NOTE All waveforms shown in this section are actual ‘waveform photogrophs taken with a Tektronix Oscilloscope Camera System. Graticule lines have been photographically retouched. Recommended Equipment The following equipment is recommended for a complete performance check Specifications given re the minimum recessary to perform this procedure. All equipment is assumed to be calibrated and operating within the given specifications. If equipment is substituted, it mus) meet or exceed the specifications of the recommended equipment. For the most accurate and convenient performance check, special Tektronix calibration fixtures ore vied in this proce dure. These special calibration fixtures ore ovoilable from Tektronix, Inc. Order by part number through your local Tek ronix Field Office or represenrative 1, DC voltmeter (VOM). minimum sensitivity, 20,000 ohms/ volt; accuracy, within 2%; range, zero to 12 vols. For exam ple, Triplett Model 630. 2, Time-mark generator. Marker outputs, five seconds to five nanoseconds; marker accuracy, within’0.1%. Tektronix Type 184 Time-Mork Generator recommended. 3, Standard amplitude calibrator, Amplitude accuracy, within 025%; signal amplitude, five millivolts to 50 vols, ‘output signal, one-klohertz square wave and positive DC voltage, must have mixed display feature, Tektronix cali bration fixture 067-0502:00 recommended. 4, Square-wave generator. Frequency, one Kilohertz and ‘one megahertz; rseime, one nanosecond oF less from fost ‘ise output; output amplitude, about 120 volts unterminated ‘or 12 vols into 50 ohms, Tektronix Type 106 Square-Wave Generator recommended. 5, Fastvise, high-amplitude pulse generator. Risetime, 025 nanosecond or less; repetition tale, $50 to 720 pulses) second, amplitude, variable from 20 millivolts 10 10 volts, Tektronix Type 109 Pulse Generator recommended. 6. Charge line. Impedance, 50 ohms; electrical length, $0 nanoseconds; connectors, GRB74, Tektronix Type 113, Delay Cable recommended 7. High-Frequency constant-omplitude sine-wave generator. Frequency, 65 megahertz to above 150 megahertz, reference frequency, three megahertz; output amplitude, voriable from 05 volt to five volts; amplitude accuracy, within 3% at three megahertz and from 65 mogahertz to 150 megahertz. Tek fronix calibration Fixture 067-0592-00 recommended 8, Medium-frequency constant-emplitude sinewave gen- erator. Frequency, 350 Klohertz 0 100 megahertz; reference frequency, 50 Klohertz; output amplitude, variable from five millivolts to five volts into 50 ohms of 10 volts unterminated; complitude accuracy, within 3% at 50 ilohertz and from 350 Klohertz to 100 megahertz. Tektconix Type 191 Consiant ‘Amplitude Signal Generator recommended 9. Low-frequency sine-wave generator. Frequency, 10 hertz to one megahertz; output amplitude, variable from 0.5 volts to 40 volts peak to peak, amplitude accuracy, within 3% from 10 hertz o one megahertz. For example, General Radio 1310-A Oscillator {ose «General Radio Type 274QB) Adop: tor to provide BNC output 10.10% probe with BNC connector. Tektronix P6047 recommended 11, Test oscilloscope. Bandwidth, DC to 50 MHz; einimum deflection factor, five millivalisdvision; cecuracy, within 3% Tektronix Type 453 or Type 454 Oscilloscope recommended, 12. Current-measuring probe with possive termination, Sen sitivity, two miliompetes/milivelt: aecuracy, wahin 3%. Tek tronix P4019 Current Probe with 011-0078.00 passive termine tion recommended 13. Cable (two). Impedance, 50 ohms; type, RG58/U; length, 42 inches; connectors, BNC. Tektronix Part No, 012 0057-00. 14, BNC T connector. Tektronix Part No. 108-0030-00, 15, Cable. Impedance, 50 ohms; type, RG-58/U; length, 1B inches; connectors, BNC, Tektronix Port No, 012:0076.00 16, Cable ttwo). Impedance, 50 ohms type RG-213/U; clectrical length, five nanoseconds; connectors, GRE74. Tek: tronix Part No. 017-080200. 17. Inline teemination. Impedance, 50 ohms: wattage ca ing, iwo watts; aecuracy, “+34; connectors, GRB74 input with BNC male output, Tektronix Part No, 017-0083-00 18, Elbow. Impedance, 50 ohms; Connectors, GRE74. Tek twonix Part No, 017-007000. 19, Shoct-cireut termination connector, GRE74, Tektronix Part No, 017-0087-00, 20, Input RC normalizer, Time constant, 1 megehm > 20 pF; attenvolion, 2%; connectors, BNC. Tektronix col ibrotion fixture 067-0538-00 5-1Performance Check—Type 454/R454 21. 5X attenuator. Impedonce, 50 ohms; accuracy, +37 connectors, GRB74. Tektronix Part No. 017-0079.00. 22.10% attenuator. Impedance, 50 ohms; accuracy, 13%; connectors, GRA74. Tektronix Part No. 017-0078-00, 23, Dualinput coupler. Matched signal transfer to each input. Tektronix calibration fixture 067-0525.00, 24, Adapter. Adapls GR874 connector to BNC female connector. Tektronix Part No. 017-006400. 25, Termination. Impedance, 50 ohms; accuracy, +37; connectors, BNC. Tektronix Part No. 011-0049.00. 2. 5% attenuator. Impedance, 50 ohms; accuracy, -+3%, connectors, BNC. Tektronix Part No, 011-0060-00. 27. Adapter. Connectors, BNC female ond two clligator clips. Tektronix Part No. 013:007600. 28, Screwdriver. Three-inch shall, Tektwonix Part No. 008. 0192-00. PERFORMANCE CHECK PROCEDURE General In the following procedure, control settings or test equip: ment connections should not be changed except as noted 'Fanly @ partial check is desired, refer to the preceding stopIs) for setup information. Type 454 front-panel conteol tities teferred 10 in this procedure are capitalized (eg, VOLTS/ DM. The following procedure uses the equipment listed under Recommended Equipment. IF equipment is substituted, contol settings of setup may need to be altered to mect the require ments of the equipment used, Preliminary Procedure 1. Connect the Type 454 ta a power source which meets the valtage and frequency requitements of this instrument 2. Set the Type 454 controls os follows: CCRT controls INTENSITY Counterclackwise Focus Nidronge SCALE ILLUM As desired BW-BEAM FINDER FULL Vertical controls (both chonnels if applicable) vours/1v 20mV VARIABLE cAL POSITION Midronge Input Coupling pc MODE CHI TRIGGER NORM INveRT Pushed in Triggering controls (both A ond B if applicable} LEVEL ° SLOPE : ‘COUPLING. AC SOURCE INT 5-2 Sweep controls DELAY-TIME o10 MULTIPLIER A TIME/DIV Les B TIME/DIV Tims 1A VARIABLE AL A SWEEP MODE AUTO TRIG B SWEEP MODE TRIGGERABLE AFTER DELAY TIME HORIZ DISPLAY A MAG of ‘A SWEEP LENGTH FULL POSITION Midrange POWER of Side-panet controls BTIME/DIV VARIABLE CAL 3, Set the POWER switch to ON. Allow at least 20 min utes warm up before proceeding. 1. Check Voltage at PROBE POWER connectors REQUIREMENT —}-12 volts, 12 volts and ground ct the correct terminals of the CH'1 and CH 2 PROBE POWER ©, Connect the DC voltmeter between the +12.volt ter minal of the CH 1 PROBE POWER connector (see Fig, 5-1) Gand the ground terminal b. CHECK—Meter reading +12 volts =. Connect the DC voltmeter between the —I2-volt ter- minal of the CH 1 PROBE POWER connector (see Fig. 51) fand the ground terminal d, CHECK—Meter reoding —12 volts 2. Connect the DC voltmeter between the ground terminal of the CH 1 PROBE POWER connector (see Fig. 5-1] and chassis ground. £. CHECK—Meter reading zera volts 8. Connect the DC voltmeter between the +12-valt ter- minal of the CH 2 PROBE POWER connector (vee Fig. 5-1) tand the ground terminal h. CHECK—Meter reading +12 volts i, Connect the DC voltmeter between the —12-volt ter minal of the CH 2 PROBE POWER connector (see Fig. 5-1) fand the ground terminal i. CHECK—Meter reading —12 volts k. Connect the DC voltmeter between the ground terminal fof the CH 2 PROBE POWER connactor (see Fig. 5-1) and chassis ground, |. CHECK—Meter reading zero volts mm, Disconnect the DC voltmeter.Fi. 5-1, Lection of terminals in the CH 1 ond 2 PROBE POWER 2. Check Trace Alignment REQUIREMENT Trace parallel to horizontal graticule lines. 1. Advance the INTENSITY control until the trace is visible, b. Turn the CH 1 POSITION control to move the trace to the center horizontal line Adjust the FOCUS control for os shorp @ display os posible. 4. CHECK—The trace should be parallel with the center line fe. If necessary, adjust the TRACE ROTATION adjustment, {on side ponel) so the trace is parallel to the horizontal ‘raticule lines 3. Check Astigmatism REQUIREMENT—Shorp, well-defined display. ‘2, Connect the time-mark generator (Type 184) to the INPUT CH 1 connector with the 42-inch BNC cable. b, Set the time-mark generator for output markers of 1 ‘ond 0.1 milisecond, «Set the CH 1 VOLTS/DIV switch so the large markers extend beyond the bottom and top of the graticule area. 4. Sot the A LEVEL control for @ stable display. @. CHECK—Markers should be well defined with optimum setting of FOCUS control. f. If necessary, adjust the FOCUS control ond ASTIG ‘adjustment (on side panel) for best definition of markors. Performance Check—Type 454/R454 4. Check Y Axis Alignment and Geometry REQUIREMENT—Y axis alignment, markers parallel to cen- ter vertical line within 0.1 division; geometry, bowing or tilt ‘of markers at left and right extremes of display within 0.1 division or less. 1. Set the horizontal POSITION control to move @ large marker to the center vertical line. b. CHECK—Morker parallel to the center vertical line within 0. division (ee Fig. 5-2). ‘6. Set the horizontal POSITION ond A VARIABLE controls 0.0 large marker coincides with each vertical graticule ine. d, CHECK—Bowing ond ill of markers over entire display ‘area within 0.1 division or less (see Fig. 52) ‘. Disconnect all test equipment 7 hi i ig. 5-2, Typleal CRT display showing goed geometry end y exis 5. Check Channel 1 and 2 Step Attenuator Balance REQUIREMENT—0.1 division, or less, trace shift as VOLTS/ DIV switch is changed to next deflection factor between 20 mV and 5 mV, ©. Position the trace to the center horizontal line with the CHT POSITION control b. Change the following control settings CH 1 VouTs/DIV 20m¥ Input Coupling GND (CHV ond 2) ‘&. CHECK—Chonge the CH 1 VOLTS/DIV switch from 20 mV to SmV. Trace should not move more thon 0.1 division vertically at each step. 4. If there is traco shift, adjust the CH 1 STEP ATTEN BAL ‘adjustment (on front panel) for no trace shift as the CH | VOLTS/DIV switch is changed from 20mV to 5 mV, 53Performance Check—Type 454/R454 NOTE Use the BW-BEAM FINDER switch to locate the trace if it is deflected off screen when switching to 10 or mV. . Set the MODE switch to CH 2 f. Postion the trace to the center horizontal line with the CH 2 POSITION control 1g: CHECK—Change the CH 2 VOLTS/DIV switch from 20 mV to 5mV. Trace should not move more then 0.) division vertically at each step, fh. If there is trace shift, adust the CH 2 STEP ATTEN BAL adjustment fon front ponell for no Wace shift as the CH 2 VOLTS/DIV switch is changed from 20 mV to 5 mV. 6. Check Channel 1 and 2 Position Centering REQUIREMENT—Trace positioned beyond groticle limits ‘at both extremes of POSITION control rotation, €, Set the CH 1 and CH 2 VARIABLE controls for minimum gain (clockwise just past CAL detont) ». Set the CH 1 and CH 2 VOLTS/DIV switehos to 1 ¢, CHECK—Turn the CH 2 POSITION control to each extreme of rotation; ace should be positioned beyond the graficule limits ot each extreme of rototion 4d, Set the MODE switch to CH 1 fe, CHECK—Tum the CH 1 POSITION control to each extreme of rotation; trace should be positioned beyond the araticue limits ot each extreme of rotation. 7. Check Channel 1 and 2 Gain REQUIREMENT —Correet vertical deflection in the 20mV position of the CH T and CH 2 VOLTS/DIV switches. 1. Change the following control settings: VOLTS/DIV {CH Tend 2] 20m VARIABLE (CH T and 2) CAL Input Coupling Dc (CH 1 and 2) MODE cH ‘A ond 8 TIME/DIV Sms b. Connect the standard emplitude colibrator (067-0502. (00) ovtput connector to the INPUT CH I end INPUT CH 2 connectors through @ BNC T connector and two BNC cables €, Set the standard amplitude calibrator for @ 0.1-velt squorewove output d. CHECK—CRT display for five divisions of deflection (soe Fig. 53) @. If necessary, adjust the CH 1 GAIN adjustment (on front panell for exacil five divisions of deflection 4. Set the MODE switch to ADD, 1. Pol the INVERT switch, h. Center the display with the CH 2 POSITION control 5-4 Fig. 5-3. Typeal CRT display showing comet w i. CHECK—CRT display for soight line i. necessary, adjust the CH 2 GAIN adjustment (on font ponel) for straight line. 8. Check Added Mode Operation REQUIREMENT.—Correct signal addition within 3%. ©. Push the INVERT switch in , Set the standard amplitude calibrator for @ $0 mill volt square-wave output &. CHECK—CRT display five divisions, in amplitude (within 3%). 0.15 divisions, 9. Check Channel 1 and 2 Deflection Accuracy REQUIREMENT—Verticol deflection factor within 3% of CH 1 and CH 2 VOLTS/DIV switch indication, TABLE 5-1 Vertical Deflection Accuracy VOUS] Standard | Vertical] Maximum DIV. | Amplitude | Deftection | Error For Switch | Calibrator | In +3% Setting | Output | Divisions | Accuracy Idivisions) SmV | 20 milvolts 4 £012 1omv | “50 millivolts 5 £0.15 amv TOT volt 5 Previously set | in stop 7 S0mv | 02 voll 2012 1 05 volt | £015 2 [1 voir 20.15 5 2 vols 012 a4 5 volts £015 2 10 volts 20.15 5 20 volts 012 io 50 volts £0151, Set the MODE switch to CH 1 b, Sot the CH 2 Input Coupling switch to GND. CHECK—Using the CH 1 VOLTS/DIV switch and stand: cord amplitude calibrator settings given in Table 5-1, check vertical deflection factor within 3% in each position of the CHT VOLTS/DIV switch 4d. Sel the MODE switch to CH 2. Set the CH 1 Input Coupling switch to GND and the CH 2 Input Coupling switch to DC. {. CHECK—Using the CH 2 VOLTS/DIV switeh and stand- cord amplitude calibrator settings given in Table 5-1, check the vertical deflection factor within 3% in each position of the (CH 2 VOLTS/DIV switch, 10. Check Channel 1 and 2 Variable Volts/ Division Range REQUIREMENT—Confinvovsly variable deflection foctor between the calibrated steps ©. Set the standard omplitude calibrator for @ Ot-vlt square-wave output ', Change the following control settings: VOLTS/DIV (CH 1 ond 2) 20mV Input Coupling AC (CH1 and 2) ‘MODE cnt ©. CHECK—Turn the CH 1 VARIABLE control clockwise iust past the CAL detent (minimum gain). Display should be reduced to two divisions or less (indicates adequate range for continuously variable deflection factors between the calibrated steps; see Fig. Sl; CH 1 UNCAL light must be fon when CHT VARIABLE contol is not in CAL position. d. Set the MODE switch to CH 2. ©. CHECK—Turn the CH 2 VARIABLE control clockwise just past the CAL detent (minimum gain). Display should be Feduced 10 two divisions or less (indicates adequate range for continyously variable deflection factors between cal brated steps; see Fig. 5:fl. CH 2 UNCAL light must be on when CH 2 VARIABLE contl is not in CAL position f. Disconnect the cable from the INPUT CH 2 connector 11, Check Channel 1 and 2 Cascaded Deflection Factor REQUIREMENT—One millvolt/division or less. ©, Connect the CH 1 OUT connector to the INPUT CH 2 connector with the 1Binch S0.0hm BNC cable b. Chonge the following control settings: VOLTS/DIV (CH 1 ond 2} S mV VARIABLE (CH 1 and) CAL Input Coupling Dc [CH 1 and 2) ©. Set the standard amplitude calibrator for five-ilivolt square-wave output 4, CHECK—CRT display five divisions or greater in ampli tude [one millivolt/civision, or less, minimum deflection factor Performance Check—Type 454/R454 ie ae 12. Check Channel 1 and 2 Input Coupling Switch Operation REQUIREMENT—Correet signal coupling in each position of the CH 1 ond CH 2 Input Coupling switches. ©, Set the CH 1 and CH 2 VOLTS/DIV switches to 20 mV. . Disconnect the IBinch BNC cable and reconnect the standard amplitude calibroter to the INPUT CH 2 connector. . Set the standard amplitude calibrator for a SO-milivolt square-wave output d, Position the digplay with the CH 2 POSITION control 40 the bottom of the square wave is at the center horizontal Tine. ‘e, Set the CH 2 Input Coupling switch to GND. f. CHECK—CRT display for straight line near the center horizontal line. . Set the CH 2 Input Coupling switeh to AC. h, CHECK—CRT display centered about center horizontal line i Set the MODE switch to CH 1 i. Position the display with the CH 1 POSITION control so the bottom of the square wave is at the center horizental line. k. Set the CH 1 Input Coupling switch to GND. |. CHECK—CRT display for straight line near the center horizontal line. mm, Set the CH 1 Input Coupling switch to AC. 1. CHECK—CRT display centered about center horizontal line. 13. Check Low-Frequency Vertical Linearity REQUIREMENT—0.1 division, of less, compression or expan sion of @ two-divtion signal (at center screen) when posi fioned to the vertical extremes of the graticule aree. «0, Set the CH 1 and CH 2 Input Coupling switches to DC. b, Position the display to the center of the graticule with the CH 1 POSITION contral 5-5Performance Check—Type 454/R454 Adjust the CH 1 VARIABLE control for exactly two divisions of deflection. 4. Position the top of the display to the top horizontal line fe. CHECK Compression or expansion 0.1 division or less (see Fig. 55) {. Position the bottom of the display to the bottom hori- zontal line. 19. CHECK—Compretsion of exponsion 0.1 division or less (see Fig. 55) hh Set the MODE switeh to CH 2. i. Position the display to the center of the graticule with the CH 2 POSITION contol. Fig. 5:5. Typkot car TAT Ee i. Adjust the CH 2 VARIABLE control for exsctly two divisions of deflection k, Position the top of the display to the top horizontal line. | CHECK—Compression or expansion 0.1 less (see Fig. 55). 1m. Postion the bottom of the display fo the bottom hori zontal line. division or 1. CHECK—Compression or expansion 0.1 division or less (see Fig. 55), ©. Disconnect all test equipment 14, Check Trace Shift Due to Input Grid Current REQUIREMENT—0.4 division or less ot 5 mV/DIV. 1. Change the following control seltings VOLTS/OIV (CH 1 and 2} SmV VARIABLE (CH T and 2} CAL Input Coveling GND (CH 1 ond. 2) b. Position the trace to the center horizontal line with the CH 2 POSITION contro & CHECK—Set the CH 2 Input Coupling switch 10 DC fond note the trace shift; 04 division or less 4d, Set the MODE switch to CH 1 €. Position the trace to the center horizontal tine with the CH T POSITION control f. CHECK—Set the CH 1 Input Coupling switch to DC ‘and note the trace shift; 0.4 division or less 15. Check Alternate Operation REQUIREMENT—Trace alternation at all sweep rates f. Set the MODE switch to ALT. b. Position the traces about two divisions apart ‘c, Turn the A TIME/DIV switch throughout its range. d. CHECK—Trace alteration between Channel 1 and 2 ft all sweep rater. At faster twoep rates, alternation will not be apparent; display will appear as two traces on the 16. Check Channel 1 Volts/Division Switch Compensation REQUIREMENT—3% or less overshoot, rounding or it in all positions of the CH) VOLTS/DIV switch 2. Change the following control setings: VOUTS/DIV (CH 1 end 2) MODE cH ‘Acond 8 TIME/DIV 2s b, Connect the square-wave generator {Type 106) high fomplitide output connector to the INPUT CH 1 connectorthrough the five-nanosecond GR cable, 50-chm inne termi ration and 20 pF input RC normalizer, in given order. . Set the square-wave generator for four divisions of cone:kilohertz signal , CHECK—CRT display at each CH 1 VOLTS/DIV switch position for 3% or less overshoot, rollff or tilt [see Fig 554), Adjust the square-wave generator output amplitude 1 needed to mainlain a four-division display [except in 2, 5 and 10 positions where display will be less than four visions Performance Check—Type 454/R454 b, Connect the square-wave generator high-amplitude ‘output connector to the INPUT CH 2 connector through the five-nanesecond GR cable, S0-ohm inline termination and 20 pF input RC normalizer, in given order. 1. Set the square-wave generator for four divisions of cone-kilohertz signal. d. CHECK—CRT display at each CH 2 VOLTS/DIV switch position for 3% or less overshoot rolloff or tit (see Fig. 5.6). Adjust the square-wave generator output amplitude fa: needed to maintain a four-division display [except in 2, 5 and 10 positions where display will be less than four divisions | | 10, check Deloptine Termination end Ie Compensation REQUIREMENT or ls aberrations in rea about 200 ie reneseconds ater the hang pon of @ slap fncon = o. Change the flowing conta stings Vours/DIV (11 end) Om 1 MODE ay ‘A TINE/ON 05 p3 a b. Connect the square-wave generator foshse + oufpot comveci fo the INPUT CH Connector tough the fre renosecond GR cable, 5X GR otteruator and. SD.obm in Te termination Set the squre-wave generator for fosrise operation and four dvione cup eh one megahertz ere i. CHECK_-CRT display for minimum aberrations inthe = creo chou! 280 nanoseconds {ive To sh dvora) after the Thing prion of tho werctonm fee Fi 971A cock for tes thon 3% tit of the waveform top. e. Dsconect al test equipment [ Toa of Lt j i Fig. 5:6. (AD Typieal CRT display showing correct compensation, (Bi ond (C1 incorrect compensation 17, Check Channel 2 Volts/Di Compensation REQUIREMENT—2%, or less overshoot, rounding or tilt in all postions of the CH 2 VOLTS/DIV switch ©, Set the MODE switch to CH 2 in Switch i. 5-7. Typical CAT display showing eceplable dely-tine temi- ation end” compere 19. Check Channel 1 High-Frequency Compensation REQUIREMENT—Flat top and square corer within spec: ified limits. 5-7Performance Check—Type 454/R454 2. Connect the fost-rse, high-amplitude pulse gonerotor (Type 109} 5002 output connector to the CH 1 INPUT con rector through @ fiveznonotecend GR cable and the 50:ohm inline termination b. Connect the charge line {Type 13} directly to. the charge line 1 connector of the fast rae, high-omplitude pulse generator with @ 50-ohm GR elbow. Support the pulse gen frator as necessary to make this connection, Connect a GR ‘hart-crcuit termination ta the charge line 2 connector. 6. Change the following contol settings cH vouTs/DW lomv A and 8 TIME/DIV 05 1s MAG x10 NOTE The trace clignment and geombery must be corcect to perform this step. Check steps 2 and 4 of this procedure to assure correct operation if only steps 19 ond 20 are to be performed J. Set the fastrse, high amplitude pulse generator for four-division pulse cantered vertically ond horizontally on the CRT fadiust the A LEVEL control for a stoble display). 2. Measure ond nole the riselime between the 10% and 90% points ofthe step. f Set the A ond B TIME/DIV switch 10 1p. Pert =" e+ c= Measured reetine Fis. 5:8, ldeolited wovelom showing over used for eberction oa 19. Center the pulse with the horizontal POSITION conto! Recheck the amplitude of the pulse and readjust the genero tor output for four divisions # necessary using the fist and last division of the graticule as the relerence areas fee Fig, 54). If there are any aberrations within the reference areas, tse the average levels os the reference. Using ths technique the average level within the first division of the grticule should be positioned to the second horizontal line below the centerline and the average level within the last division ‘of the graticule should be positioned to the second horizontel line above the canter line. After the pulse is positioned ver cally, adjust the horizontal POSITION control so the rising portion of the wavelorm crosses the center horizontal line ‘xaclly at the center vertical line (50% point of step ot center vertical line), 5-8 h. CHECK—CRF display for a flat top and square corner within 440.24 division or —0.24 division, oF total peak peak aberrations within 0.24 division [peak aberrations +6% for —6%; peok:to-peak aberrations within 6%). Make this measurement within the orea one rselime [or measured in part e) 10 the right of the vertical center line ond the lost Vertical fine ofthe graticule i. Chenge the following contr! settings: CHT vouTs/DIV Sav ‘A and B TIME/DIV 05 ps i. Set the fastrse, high-omplitude pulse generator for fourdivision pulse centered vertically and horizontally on the cr. k, Measure and note the riselime between the 10% and 90% points of the step. |. Set the A and B TIME/DIV switch to 1 as 1m. Center the display vertically end horizontally vsing the technique given in part @ 1n. CHECK CRT display for a flat top ond square corner within +028 division or —0.28 division, or total peak peak aberrations within 0.28 diwsion {peak aberrations +7% or ~7%; peakto-peak aberrations within 7%). Make this Imeosurement within the area one risetime as meosured in port k) to the right of the vertical ceater line and the last vertical line ofthe graticule. 1. Change the following control settings CHT vouTs/DY 20mv ‘A and 8 TIME/DIV 05 ys . Set the fastrse, high-omplitude pulse generotor for fovrdivision pulse centered vertically and horizontally on the Rr. 4, Measure and note the rsetime between the 10% and 90% points of the step, 1. Set the A ond B TIME/DIV switeh to.1 6 +. Center the display vertically ond horizontally using the technique given in port. 1. CHECK—CRT display for « flat top and square corner within +02 division or —02 division, or total peak-to-peak aberrations within 0.2 division (peak aberrations 5% oF e; peak-o-peok aberrations within 5%). Make this meas: cxement within the area one riselime [as measured in part q) to the right of the vertical center line and the last vertical line ofthe graticule. vu. Change the following conto! settings cH 1 vouTs/o1v 50mV ‘A ond 8 TIME/DIV 05 ps ¥, Set the foshrise, high-amplitude pulse generotor for four-division pulse centered vertically end horizontally on the Rr. ww. Measure and note the rstime between the 10% and 90% points of the step. x Set the A and 8 TIME/DIV switch to. ys.¥. Center the display vertically and horizontally using the technique given in part 2, CHECK—CRT display for o flat top and square comer within +02 of ~02 division, or total peak-to-peak aberra: tions within 02 division (peak aberrations +5% or —5%i, eaktfo-peak aberrations within 5%). Make this maasure ment within the area one risetime (as measured in part w) to the right ofthe vertical centerline and the fost vertical line of the graticue. 10a, Change the following control settings cH 1 YOLTS/DIV 1 A and 8 TIME/DIV 05 8 fab, Set the fastsize, high-omplitude pulse generator for fourdivision pulse centered vertically and horizontally on the Rr. fac. Measure and note the risetime between the 10% and 903% points ofthe step. ‘od, Set the A and 8 TIME/DIV switch to 1 ps ‘28. Center the display vertically and horizontally using the technique given in part 9 af, CHECK—CRT display for « flat top and square corner within ++0.28 or 0.28 division, or total peak-to-peak aber: rations within 0.28 division (peak aberations +7% or —7%; peak-to-peak aberrations within 7%). Make this measure. ‘men! within the orea one rsetime (os measured in part ac) to the right of the vertical center line and the lost vertical line of the geaticule. 20. Check Channel 2 High-Frequency Compensation REQUIREMENT—Flat top ond square comer within speci- fied limits «©. Disconnect the output of the 50 ohm inline termination from the INPUT CH 1 connector end connect it to the INPUT (CH'2 connector. b, Set the MODE switch to CH 2. . Set the fostrise, high-amplitude pulse generator for a foursivision pulse (CH 2 VOLTS/DIV switch set to 10mV) centered vertically and horizontally on the CRT. 4d, Measure ond note the rselime between the 10% ond 90% points ofthe step. fe Set the A and B TIME/DIV switch to Ts. |. Center the display vertically and horizontally using the technique given instep 19 g 49, CHECK—CRT display for a flat top and square comer within +0.24 division or —0.24 division, or total peok-to peak aberrations within 0.24 division (peak aberrations +8% for —6%; peak-to-peak aberrations within 6%). Moke this ‘measurement within the creo one risetime (os measured in port d} to the right of the vertical center line and the last vertical line ofthe gratcule. h. Change the following control setings CHT vouTs/DV 5aV A and B TIME/DIV 05 us Performance Check—Type 454/R454 i. Set the fostrse, highomplitude pulse generator for @ faurdivision pulse centered vertically ond horizontally on the cor. j. Measure and note the risetime between the 10% and 90% points of the step. k. Set the A and B TIME/DIV switch to 1 ys. |. Conter the display vertically and horizontally using the technique given in step 19 g 1m, CHECK—CRY display for a flat top ond square corner within 40.28 division or —0.28 division, or total peak: peak aberrations within 0.28 division (peak aberrations +7% or —7%; peak-to-peak aberrations within 7%). Make this ‘measurement within the area one risetime (ar measured in port j} 10 the right of the vertical center line and the last Yertcal line of the graticule 1. Change the following control settings: cH 1 VOLTS/DIV 20mv A and 8 TIME/DIV 05 ps ©. Set the fastrise, high-omplitude pulse generator for © four division pulse centered vertically ond. horizontally fon the CRT. pp. Measure and note the rsetime between the 10% and 907% points ofthe step. 4, Set the A and B TIME/DIV switch t0 1 us Center the display vertically and horizontally using the technique given instep 19 g 5. CHECK—CRT display for a flot top ond square corner within +022 division or —02 division, or total peak-to-peak aberrations within 0.2 division [peak aberrations 45% or 5%; peakto-peak aberrations within 5%). Make this ‘measurement within the area one risetime (as mocsured in ppart p] fo the right of the vertical center line and the last ‘erlcal line of the graticule, t. Change the following contro settings: cH 1 voUTs/o1V 50mv A ond B TIME/DIV 95 ns . Set the fasts, high-omplitude pulse fourdivision pulse centered vertically ond horizontally on the RT. ¥ Measure and note the rsetime between the 10% and 90% points of the step. Ww. Set the A and 8 TIME/OIV switeh to 1 ys x Center the display vertically and horizontally using the technique given in sep 199 y. CHECK-CRT display for a flat top and square comer within +02 or 02 division, or total peoi-to-peak aberra fions within 0.2 diviion (peak oberrations -+-5% or —3%. peak-to-peak aberrations within 5%). Make this measure fnent within the area one risefime (os measured in part v) fo the right of the vertical center line ond the lost vertical line ofthe graticule. 2, Change the following contol selings: 59Performance Check—Type 454/R454 Typitol RT play when checking wetcal frequency cH 1 vouTs/o1v 1 ‘A and B TIME/DIV 95 ys ‘20, Sef the fast-ste, highamplitude pulse generator for four-division pulse ceniered vertically and horizontally on he cr. fab. Meosute and note the rsetime between the 10% and 90% points ofthe step. ‘0c. Set the A and B TIME/DIV switch to 1 ys 1d, Center the display vertically and horizontally using the technique given instep 19g, t9¢. CHECK—CRT display for o flat top and square corner within -+0.28 or 0.28 division, or total peak:te-peok aber- rations within 0.28 division (peak aberrations +7% or — 77h eakto-peak aberrations within 7%). Make this measure ‘ment within the area one risetime las measured in part ob) to the right of the vertical center line and the last vertical Tine ofthe graticule ‘of, Disconnect al test equipment 21. Check 0.1 Volt, 50 mV, 20mV and 10 mV Bandwidth of Channels 1 and 2. REQUIREMENT—0.1 V, 50mV and 20m; not more then <8 a 150 megahertz: 1DiV, not more than —3.dB ot 100 megahertz 2. Change the following contol setings MODE cut A ond B TIME/ONY 2a b. Connect the highfequency conston-omplilude sine wave generator [067053200 to the INPUT CH | connector throvgh the 10% GR orrenuotor and 50-ahm inne termina tion, given order. € Set the high-requency generator for @ fourdivision display of is rterence frequency B MHz) . Change the high-frequency generator fo the variable frequeney positon 5-10 &. Without changing the ouput amplitude, increase the output frequency of the generator until the display is reduced to 28 divisions (—3dB point; seo Fig. 59) 4, CHECK—Output frequgency of generator must bo 150 megahertz or higher, Actual frequency, ‘megahertz. 9. Set the CH) VOLTS/DIV switch fo S0m¥ hh Set the high frequency generator for a four-division display ot its reference Frequency (MHz) i, Sot the high-frequency goneraior to the voriable fre quency positon, i. Without changing the ouput amplitude, increase the ovtput frequency of the generator until the display is reduced te 28 divisions (—3.4B point k. CHECK—Output frequency of generator must be 150 rmogahortz or higher. Actual frequency, ‘megahertz. LSet the CH 1 VOLTS/DIV switch to 20m. 1, Insort the 5 GR altonuator between the 10 GR fottenvator and the 50-ohm inno termination. 1. Set the high-frequency generator for a fourdivision display at ils reference frequency (2 MHz) ©. Set the high-frequency generator to the variable fre quency position 1B. Without changing the ouput omplitude, increase the output frequency of the generator until the display is reduced to 28 divisions (3.8 point) a. CHECK—Output frequency of generator must be 150 megahertz or higher. Actual frequency, ‘megahertz Sel the CH 1 VOLTS/DIV switch to TOmv. Set the high frequency generator foro feur-division display af its reference frequency (3 MHe}. . Change the high-frequency generator to the variable Frequency position 1. Without changing the ouput amplitude, inerease the ‘output Frequency of the generator uniil tho. dellecion is reduced 10.28 divisions (—3dB poin\) vv. CHECK—Output frequency of generator must be 100 ‘magahertz or higher. Actual frequency, megahertz \W, Set the MODE witeh to CH 2 % Disconnect the output of the in-line termination from the INPUT CH T connector and connect it to the INPUT CH 2 comector. y- Remove the 5 GR attenuator. 2. Set the high frequency generator for a four-division display ot its reference frequency [3 MHZ} 10a. Set the highrequency generator to the variable frequency position. ‘ab, Without changing the output amplitude, increase the output frequency of the generator vat the deflection is Feduced to 28 divisions (348 point ‘2c. CHECK--Output frequency of generator must be 150 megehertz of higher. Actual frequency, megahertz:4, Set the CH 2 VOLTS/DIV switch to SOmV. 1, Set the hightrequency generator for © four-division display at its reference frequency (3 MH cf. Set the high-frequency generator to the variable fre quency position 12g. Without changing the output amplitude, increase the ‘output frequency of the generator until the display is reduced to 28 divisions (3.48 point) ‘ah, CHECK —Oviput frequency of generator must be 150 megahertz or higher. Actual feequeney, ‘megahertz Gi, Set the CH 2 VOLTS/DIV switch to 20mv. Oj, Inset the 5X GR attenuator between the 10% GR ‘attenuator and the 50-ohm inline termination ‘ak, Set the high-frequency generator for @ four-division display ite reference frequency (2 MH3}. al, Set the high frequency generator to the variable fre: quency position ‘om. Without changing the output amplitude, increase the output frequency of the generator until the display is reduced to 28 divisions (~348 point ‘on, CHECK —Ovtput frequency of generator must be 150 megahertz or higher. Actual frequency, ‘megahertz. (00, Set the CH 2 VOLTS/DIV switch to 10mV. ‘ap. Set the high frequency generator for @ four-division display at its reference frequency (3 MHz). 1g, Set the hightrequency generator to the variable fre quency position fr. Without changing the output amplitude, increase the ‘output frequency of the generator until the’ deflection is reduced to 28 divisions |—348 point) 1s, CHECK Output frequency of generator must be 100 megahertz or higher. Actual frequency, megahertz 22. Check Added Mode Bandwidth REQUIREMENT—Not more than —3.dB at 150 megahertz 2. Change the following control settings: VOLTS/DIV {CH 1 ond 2) 20mV CH 1 POSITION Midrange CH 1 Input Coupling GND MODE ADD b, Set the high-frequency generator for a four-ivision display of i's reference frequency (3 MHZ). c. Set the high‘requency generator to its variable fre quency positon 4d. Without changing the output amplitude, increase the ‘output Frequency of the generator until the deflection is reduced to 28 divisions (3 48 point; see Fig. 54. fe. CHECK—Output frequency of generator must be 150 megohertz or higher. Actual freavency, megehert Ff. Change the following control settings: Performance Check—Type 454/R454 CH 2 POSITION Midrange Ch 1 Input Coupling pe CH 2 Input Coupling GND ‘9. Disconnect the output of the inline termination from the INPUT CH 2 connector and connect it to the INPUT CH 1 connector hh, Set the high-frequency generator for a four-division display of its reference frequency (3 MHz). i. Set the highrequency generator to its variable fre quency position i. Without changing the output amplitude, increase the output frequency of the generator until the deflection is reduced to 28 divisions (—38 point; see Fig. 59) k, CHECK—-Output frequency of generator must be 150 megahertz or higher. Actual frequency, — megahertz |. Disconnect all test equipment. 23. Check 5mV Bandwidth of Channel 1 and 2 REQUIREMENT—No! more than —3 d8 ot 60 megahertz, 2. Change the following control settings VOLTS/DIV (CH 1 and 2) Sm MODE cH? CH 2 Input Coupling pe A and B TIME/DIV ms b. Connect the medium-frequency constant-amplitude sine- wave generator (Type 191} 10 the INPUT CH 2 connector through a five-nanosecond GR cable, 10% GR ottenvator ‘and the $0.ohm inline. termination . Set the medium-frequency generator for a four-division isploy ot its reference frequency (50 KHz). d. Set the mediumtrequency generator to ‘ts variable frequency position ©. Without changing the output amplitude, increase the output frequency of the generator until the deflection is reduced 1028 divisions (~3dB point; see Fig. 5:9) f. CHECK—Ovtput frequency of generator must be 40 megahertz or higher, Actual frequeney, megohertz. 4 Set the MODE switch to CH 1 bh. Disconnect the output of the inline termination from the INPUT CH 2 ‘connector and connect it to the INPUT CH 1 connector. i. Set the mediumfrequency generator for a four-civsion display ot its reference frequency {$0 kHz}. i. Set the mediumfrequency generator to its varioble {frequency postion. k, Without changing the output amplitude, increase the output frequency af the generator unk the deflection is reduced to 28 divisions [-34B point; see Fig. 59) |. CHECK—Output frequency of generator must be 60 megahertz or higher. Actual frequency, rmegehertz, 5-11Performance Chock—Type 454/R454 24. Check Channel 1 and 2 Cascaded Bandwidth REQUIREMENT—Not more thon ©. Connect the CH 1 OUT connector to the INPUT CH 2 connector with an IB.inch, 50-ohm BNC cable, b. Set the MODE switch to CH 2 «. Set the medium-requency generator for @ four-division display of ils reference frequency (50 kHz}. 3.48 of 33 megahertz. d. Set the medivmrequency generator to the voriable frequency position @. Without changing the output amplitude, increase the ‘output frequency of the generator unlil the deflection is reduced te 28 divisions (3B point, see Fig. 59) f. CHECK—Ovtput frequency of generator must bo 33 megahertz or higher. Actual frequency, megahertz, 4g. Disconnect the cable from between the CH 1 OUT ‘and INPUT CH 2 connectors. 25. Check Bandwidth Limiter Operation REQUIREMENT—Not more than —3 dB at four megahertz ‘ond not less than —3.dB at six megahertz 0. Change the following controls: VOLTS/DIV (CH 1 ond 2) 20 nV ‘MODE cHT BW-BEAM FINDER 5 MHz (up) be, Set the mediom-frequency generator for a fourdivision display at is reference frequency (50 KH). «. Set the mediumrequency generator to its variable frequency positon 1d. Without changing the ovtput amplitude, increase the output frequency of the generator until the deflection is reduced to 28 divisions (38 point, see Fig. 59} ©. CHECK—Output frequency of generator must be four megahertz or higher and six megahertz or less. {Disconnect all test equipment 26. Check Low-Frequency, AC-Coupled Bandwidth REQUIREMENT—Not more than —3B at 10 hertz 2. Connect the low-frequency constont-amplitude gen- erator to the INPUT CH 1 connector through the 42inch 50-ahm BNC cable ond the 50-ohm BNC termination . Change the following contra seltings: BW.BEAM FINDER Fu Input Coupling AC (CH 1 and 2} ‘A and 8 TIME/DIV as 6, Set the low-frequency generator for a four-division display at one kiloherz 5-12 4, Without changing the output amplitude, reduce the output frequency af the generator until the deflection is reduced 10.28 divisions (3.48 point, see Fig. 5:9), fe. CHECK—Output frequency of generator must be 10 hertz ot less 4. Set the MODE switch to CH 2 19, Disconnect the $0-ohm termination from the INPUT CH 1 connector and connect it to the INPUT CH 2 connector h. Set the lowdrequency generator for @ four-divtion display at one kiloherz i. Without changing the output amplitude, reduce the output frequency of the generator until the deflection is reduced to 28 divisions (348 point; soo Fig. 59) i. CHECK—Output frequency of generotor must be 10 hertz or less k. Disconnect all test equipment 27. Check Common-Mode Rejection Ratio REQUIREMENT—10:1 oF greoter at 50 megahertz, 1. Change the following control settings VOLTS/DIV (CH 1 and 2) SOmV Input Coupling pc (CHT and 2) A and 8 TIME/DIV 1s . Connect the medium-frequency constant-amplitude gen: ‘erator tothe INPUT CH | and INPUT CH 2 connectors through the fve-nenosecond GR. cable, 50-chm in-line termi: nation and the dualinput coupler. Set the medivm-frequency generator for a 3.2-division display at 50 megahertz 4. Change the following control settings: VOLTS/DIV (CH 1 ond 2] 20m¥ MODE ‘ADD INVERT Pulled out ©. CHECK—CRT display for 08 division deflection, or less (common-mode ‘ejection ratio 10:1 or better, see Fig, 5.10, Fig. 5-10. Typical CRT display when chedting common-mode releNOTE This check applies only when the Channel 1 and 2 gain is correct as given in step 7. If the common- mode rejection ratio is lower than 10:1, check ‘and readjust the gain. Then recheck this step, f. Disconnect the duakinput coupler. 28. Check Attenvator Isolation Ratio REQUIREMENT—10,000:1 or greater at 50 megahertz 8. Change the following control settings: CH 1 VouTs/pIv 1 CH 2 VOUTS/DIV Sm¥ CH 2 Input Coupling GND MODE cH INVERT Pushed in b. Connect the medium-frequency constant-amplitude gen- erator to the INPUT CH] connector through the five-nano second GR cable and 50-ohm inline termination. . Set the medium-trequency generator for a five-dvision display ot 50 megahertz (ose. the veriable contral of the medium frequency generator, if necessary, to obtain a five division display). d, Set the MODE switch to CH 2. ©. CHECK—CRT display for 0.1-division deflection, or less (attenuator isolation ratio 10,0001 or better, see Fig, 5.11) f. Change the following contra settings: cH 1 vouTs/oIV 5mV cH 2 VoUTs/o1V 1 CH 1 Input Coupling GND CH 2 Input Coupling Dc Disconnect the 50-ohm inline terminotion from the INPUT CH 1 connector ond reconnect it to the INPUT CH. 2 connector. h. Set the medium-requency generator for @ five-divsion display at 50 megahertz [ute the variable control of the generator, if necessary, to obtain a fivedivsion display) Fig. 5-11, Typleal RT daploy when checking lies cromtelk ro, Performance Check—Type 454/R454 iL Set the MODE switch to CH 1 j. CHECK—CRT display for 0.1 division defection of less [ottenvator isolation ratio 10,000e1 or better; see Fig. 510) 29. Check Amplifier Crosstalk Ratio REQUIREMENT 100:1 or greater, DC to 50 megahertz 1, Change the following control settings: cH 2 vouts/DIv 2 CH 1 Input Coupling be MODE cHe b. Sot the medium frequency constant-amplitude generator for a two-division display at 50 megahertz, -c. Set the MODE ewitch to CH 1 d, Set the CH 1 and CH 2 VOLTS/DIV switches to 20 mV. ©. CHECK—CRT display for 0.2-dvision deflection or less (omplifier crosstalk ratio 100:1 or better) f. Disconnect the 50-ohm inline termination from the INPUT CH 2 connector and reconnect it to the INPUT CH connect, 9. Set the CH 1 VOLTS/DIV switch to 2. h. Set the mediumfrequency generator for a two-division display ot 50 megahertz, i. Change the following control settings: cH 1 VoLTS/DIV 20mV MODE cH? i. CHECK—CRT display for 0.2-dvision deflection or less amplifier crossialk ratio 100:1 or better , Disconnect all test equipment 30, Check CH 1 OUT DC Level REQUIREMENT—Zero vols, -+15 millivolts 1, Change the following control settings: cH 1 vouTs/DIV 20mV cH 2 VoLTS/DIV 1Omv INPUT COUPLING GND (CHT and 2) MODE cH . Connect the CH 1 OUT connector to the INPUT CH 2 connector with an 1B.inch 50-chm BNC coble, 6. Move the trace to the center horizontal line with the CH 1 POSITION contol d. Set the MODE switch to CH 2. 2. Move the trace to the center horizontal line with the CH 2 POSITION control f. Set the CH 2 Input Coupling switch to DC. 19, CHECK—CRT display for trace within ~:1.5 divisions of the center horizontal line {zero volts, +15 millivolts) 5-13Performance Check—Type 454/R454 31. Cheek A and B Trigger Level Centering REQUIREMENT—Stable display in accordance with follow: ing procedure. ‘0, Change the following control settings VOLTS/DIV (CHT and 2} S0mV INPUT COUPLING oc (CH 1 and 2) MODE Hn LEVEL (A and 8) ° ‘A ond 8 TIME/DIV ys b, Connect the mediomtraquency constont-omplitude gen ‘erator 10 the A EXT TRIG INPUT connector through the five nanosecond GR cable, GR to BNC adopter ond BNC T connector. Connect the output of the BNC T connector to the INPUT CH I connector through an 18-inch 50-ohm BNC. cable and a S0-ohm BNC terminetion, «. Set the medivm-lrequency generator for @ O3division display at 50 kilohertz 4. Slowly rotate the A LEVEL contrl until a sable display is presented (A SWEEP TRIGID light on) ‘e. CHECK—A LEVEL control must be near 0. This check indicates that the A Trigger Level Center adjustment is set correctly f. Change the following control settings: TRIGGER cH 1 ONY A LEVEL ° COUPLING (A and 8) DC g. Slowly rotate the CH | POSITION control until stable display is presented (A SWEEP TRIG'D light on} h, CHECK—CRT display must be within one division of the center horizontal line [see Fig. 5-12). CH 1 ight in both ‘A-ond 8 Triggering must be on. This check indicates thot the Trigger Preamp DC Level adjustment is set correctly iL Sot the TRIGGER switch to NORM. i. Slowly rotate the CH 1 POSITION control unil a stable display is presented (A SWEEP TRIGD light on} perp Display ost be Hable wihin given ini Wom cenlor fig, 5:12, Types RT diplay when checking Wiggr level conteing 5-14 k. CHECK—CRT display must be within two divisions of the center horizontal line (see Fig. 5:12). This check indicates that the Normal Trigger DC Level adjustment is set correctly |. Set the HORIZ DISPLAY switch to B {DELAYED SWEEP) 1m. Slowly rotate the CH 1 POSITION control until a stable display is presented, 1, CHECK--CRT display must be within two divisions of the ‘center horizontal line (see Fig. 512). This check indi- cates that the 8 Trigger Level Center adjustment is set cor rectly. 32. Check A and B 20 Megahertz Trigge Operation REQUIREMENT—Intemal, stable dliplay in AC, LF RED and. DC postions of A and 8 COUPLING switches wih O3ivision display, external, stable display in AC, UF REL ‘ond DC postions of A and 8 COUPLING switches with 75 milivlr signal ©, Set the medium-fequeney constant-amplitude generator for o O3-division display at 20 megahertz. bi, Set the A and B TIME/DIV switch to 05 us & CHECK—Stable CRT display (see Fig. 513A) can be: obtained with the B COUPLING switch set to AC, LF REI fond DC (8 LEVEL control may be adjusted as necessary to ‘objain stoble display). d, Set the HORIZ DISPLAY switch to A. fal 20 megoherts Win©. CHECKStable CRT display (see Fig. $-13A) can be ‘obtained with the A COUPLING switch set to AC, LF REI tand DC (A LEVEL contol may be adjusted as necessary to ‘obtain stable display). The A SWEEP TRIGID light must be fon when the display is stable. f, Set both SOURCE switches to EXT. 49. Set the medivm-frequency generator for 2 1.5-ivision display [75 millivolts) at 20 megohertz, h, CHECK—Stable CRT display (see Fig. 5:13A) can be ‘obtained with the A COUPLING switch set lo AC, LF REJ and DC (A LEVEL control may be adjusted as necessary to obtain stable display) i, Disconnect the medivm-frequency generator from the A-EXT TRIG INPUT connector and reconnect i 10 the B EXT TRIG INPUT connector. i. Change the following contro settings ‘A SOURCE INT A LEVEL Triggered display (A TRIGD light or} HORIZ DISPLAY B (DELAYED SWEEP} k. CHECK—Stable CRT display (tee Fig. 5-138) con be ‘obtained with the B COUPLING switch set fo AC, LF REI and DC (B LEVEL control may be adjusted as necessary to obtain stable display) |. Disconnect the mediumfrequency generator 33. Check A and B 150 Megahertz Triggering Operation REQUIREMENT—Internal, stable display in AC, LF REY and DC positions of A and B COUPLING switches with 15 division display; external, stable display in AC, LF REJ and DC. positions of A and 8 COUPLING switches with 375 milvol signal ©, Connect the highfrequency_constant-amplitude gen exator(067:0532-00} fo the INPUT CH T connector through the GR to BNC adapter ond BNC T connector. Connect the out put of the BNC'T connector to the B EXT TRIG INPUT con hector through an Binch SO.ohm BNC cable, 5X BNC ‘ttenvator and S0-ohm BNC termination b, Set the CH 1 VOLTS/DIV switch to 5 6. Set the highrequency generator for @ thresdivsion display [875 millivolts ot 8 EXT TRIG INPUT connector) ot its reference frequency (8 MH]. 4. Set the MAG switch 10 X10 fe. Without changing the output amplitude, set the high frequency generator to 150 megahertz, £. CHECK—Stable CRT display (see Fig. 5-144) can be ‘blained with the B COUPLING switch set 10 AC, LF REJ and BC [B LEVEL control may be adjusted as necessary to obtain stable display} 1a. Change the following contol settings: ‘A SOURCE ext HORIZ DISPLAY A Performance Check—Type 454/R454 h, Disconnect the highfreavency generator from the B EXT TRIG INPUT connector and reconnect it to the A EXT TRIG INPUT connector i. CHECK—Stoble CRT display (see Fig. 514A) con be obtained with the A COUPLING switch set to AC, LF REY and DC (A LEVEL and HF STAB controls may be adjusted fs necessary 10 obtain stable display. CRT display when, che in) typical CAT daplay whem checking iter- el 150 megeherts i. Change the following control settings: cH 1 vouTs/D1V 1 SOURCE (A ond 8) INT k. Set the highrequency generator for o 1.S:division dis- play at 150 megahertz |. CHECKStable CRT display (see Fig. 5.148) can be jobjained with the A COUPLING switch set to AC, LF RED ‘ond DC {A LEVEL ond HF STAB controls may be adjusted fs necessary to obtain stable display). Display jitter should not exceed 0.2 division (1.0 nanosecond) im. Set the HORIZ DISPLAY switch to B (DELAYED SWEEP} 1, CHECK—Stable CRT display (see Fig. 5.148] can be obtained with the B COUPLING switch set to AC, LF RED fend DC (8 LEVEL control may be adjusted as necessory to obtain stable display) 0. Disconnect the high-frequency generator. 5-15Performance Check—Type 454/R454 34, Check A and B Low-Frequency Triggering Operation REQUIREMENT—Internal, sable display in AC, MF RE ond DC postions of A ond 8 COUPLING switches with « 03 division display; extornal, table dsplay In AC, HF RE) ond DC positions of A and B COUPLING switches with © 75 milvalt signe. 1, Connect the lowlrequency constantomplitude gen trator to the A EXT TRIG INPUT connector through @ 42.inch S50-ohm BNC cable and the BNC T connector, Connect the ‘output of the BNC T connector to the INPUT CH 1 con. nector through en 18:nch 50-ohm BNC cable and a 50-ohm BNC termination b, Change the following contr settings: CHT VoUTS/OIV 50mV. A and B TIME/DIV Sms MAG: OFF <. Set the low-hequency generator for @ 0.3-dWvision dis play et 60 here 4, CHECK--Stoble CRT display [sce Fig. 515A) can be jobiained with the B COUPLING switch set to AC, HF REI ‘and DC (8 LEVEL control may be adjusted as necessary to obtain stable display} fe, Set the HORIZ DISPLAY switeh to A 4. CHECKStoble CRT disploy (see Fig. 5-15) can be obtained with the A COUPLING switch set to AC, HF REI fig, 5-15. (A) Typicel CRT dleploy when checking internal low- frequency triggering at 60 ‘heding ‘external lowsheqvency Wiggering ot 60 5-16 ‘and DC (A LEVEL control may be adjusted as necessary to ‘obtain stable display). 4g. Set both SOURCE switches to EXT. h, Set_ the low-frequency generator for © 1.S-lvision display (75 milivoll) 1 60 hertz i. CHECKStoble CRT display {see Fig. 5.158) can be abiained with the A COUPLING switch set to AC, HF RED fond DC (A LEVEL contral may be adjusted as necessary to ‘obiain stable disploy. i. Set the HORIZ DISPLAY switch to B (DELAYED SWEEP} , Disconnect the low-frequency generator from the A EXT TRIG INPUT connector and reconnect it to the B EXT TRIG INPUT connector. |. CHECK—Stable CRT display (see Fig. 5.158) can be ‘oblained with the B COUPLING switch set to AC, HF RE fand DC (8 LEVEL control may be adjusted as necessary to ‘obiain stable display) 35. Check A and B High-Frequency Reject Operation REQUIREMENT—Stable triggering with 03-division display ‘at 50 kilohertz; does not trigger at one megahertz 1, Change the following control stings COUPLING (A ond 8) HF REI SOURCE (A and 8} INT A and 8 TIME/DIV 20 ns b. Set the low-frequency constant-amplitude generator for © O3division display at 50 kilohertz & CHECK Stable CRT display [see Fig. 516) con be obtained with the 8 LEVEL control. 4. Without chonging the autpet amplitude, set the low frequency generator 10 one megahertz fe, Set the MAG switch 10 %10. f. CHECK—Stable CRT display cannot be obtained ot ony setting of the B LEVEL control Typicl CRT dnploy whan checking ighrequency reect 21°50 hhert1. Change the following control settings: HORIZ DISPLAY A MAG OFF hi, Set the low-frequency generator for a O3.divsion dis ploy at 50 kilohertz, i. CHECKStable CRT display (see Fig. 5-16) can be obtained with the A LEVEL contral i. Without changing the output emplitude, set the low- frequency generator to one megahertz k. Sot the MAG switch 10 X10, |. CHECK—Stable CRT display cannot be obtained at ‘any seting of the A LEVEL control 36. Check A and B Low-Frequency Reject Operation REQUIREMENT—Stoble display with O3.divsion displey 30 klohert2; does not trigger at 60 hertz «©, Set the low-frequency generator fer a 03-division dis play at 30 kilohertz, b. Change the following control settings COUPLING [A and 8) LF RED A ond & TIME/DIV ms MAG OFF & CHECK—Stable CRT display (Gee Fig, 5:17) can be ‘obtained with the A LEVEL control 4, Without changing the output amplitude, set the low frequency generator t0 60 hertz f. Set the A ond B TIME/DIV switch to 2ms. £. CHECK—Stable CRT display cannot be obteined at any setting of the A LEVEL contral 8. Change the following control settings: A and B TIME/DIV ms HORIZ DISPLAY B (DELAYED SWEEP) ploy when checking lowshaquency ree? Performance Check—Type 454/R454 h, Setthe low-frequency generator for a O3-division dis play at 20 kilchert i, CHECK—Stable CRT display [see Fig. 5:17) con be ‘obtained with the B LEVEL control i. Without changing the output amplitude, set the low: frequency generator to 60 hertz, k. Set the A and 8 TIME/DIV switch to 2ms CHECK—Stable CRT display cannot be obiained ot ‘ony setting of the B LEVEL control. 37. Check Single Sweep Operation REQUIREMENT—Swoep triggers ot some A LEVEL control seg at in AUTO TRIG; after each sweep, further displays ‘re locked out unl the RESET bution is pressed. 1, Change the following control settings: COUPLING (A and 8) AC ‘A and B TIME/DIV Sms HORIZ DISPLAY A b, Set the low-frequency generator for a 03-divsion dis play at one kilohertz ce Adjust the A LEVEL control for @ stable display. 4, Disconnect the signal from the INPUT CH 1 connector. Set the A SWEEP MODE switch to SINGLE SWEEP. Push the RESET button 9. CHECK—RESET light must come on when button is pressed and remein on until signal is reapplied and sweep is completed. h, Reconnect the signal to the INPUT CH 1 connector i. CHECK—A singlesweep display fone sweep only} is presented. RESET light must go off af the end of tho sweep ‘nd remain off until the RESET button is pressed again. 38. Check A and B Slope Switch Operation REQUIREMENT—Stable triggering on correct slope of trigger signal. fa. Set the A SWEEP MODE switch to AUTO TRIG. b, Set the low-frequency generator for a four-divison display at one kiloher . CHECK—CRT display star's on positive slope of the waveform [see Fig. 518A. 4, Sot the A SLOPE switeh to — &. CHECK—CRT digplay starts on negative slope of the waveform [sce Fig, 5-188} f.. Set the HORIZ DISPLAY switch to B (DELAYED SWEEP} a: CHECK—CRT display stars on postive slope of the waveform (see Fig. 5-184) hh, Set the B SLOPE switch to — i. CHECK—CRT display storts on negative slope of the ‘waveform [see Fig. 5-188). 5-17Performance Check—Type 454/R454 39. Check A and B Triggering Level Control Range REQUIREMENT—EXT, of least 4+ ond — 2 volts; XT + 10, ot least -+ and — 20’ volts. «2. Connect the low-frequency generator to the B EXT TRIG INPUT connector through @ 42:inch BNC cable and the BNC T connector, Connect the output of the BNC T connector 10 the INPUT CH 1 connector through an IBiinch BNC cable, b. Change the following contra settings: cH 1 vouTs/DV 1 LEVEL (A and 8) Midrange COUPLING {A and 8) OC SOURCE {A and 8) er &. Set the low-frequency generator for a fourdivision display (four volts peak to peak} at one kiloher2 4. CHECK--Rotale the B LEVEL contiol throughout its range end check that display can be triggered at any point flong the negative slope of the wavelorm (indicates B LEVEL control range of at least + and — ‘wo volts) Dis ploy is not triggered at either extreme of rotation, (Set the B SLOPE switch to +. f. CHECK—Rotate the B LEVEL contol throughout its range and check thot display can be triggered at any point along the positive slope of the waveform. Disploy i not triggered ot either extreme of rotation. g. Set the CH 1 VOLTS/DIV switch to 10, 5-18 h. Set the A ond B SOURCE switches to EXT = 10. i. Set the low-frequency generator for a fourdivision display (40 volts peak to peck) ot one kilohertz, i. CHECK—Rotote the B LEVEL control throughout its range and check that display can be triggered at any point long the postive slope of the waveform [indicates B LEVEL control range of at least + and — 20 volts). Display is not kiggered at either extreme of rotation k. Set the B SLOPE switch to — |. CHECK—Rotate the B LEVEL control throughout its range and check that display can be triggered at ony point ‘along the negative slope of the waveform, Display is not triggered at either extreme of rotation 1m. Change the following control settings: ‘A SWEEP MODE NORM TRIG HORIZ DISPLAY A 1. Disconnect the low-frequency generator from the B EXT TRIG INPUT connector and reconnect it to the A EXT TRIG INPUT connector ©. CHECK Rotate the A LEVEL contral throughout its range and check thot display con be triggered ot any point ‘along the negative slope of the waveform {indicates A LEVEL control range of at least ++ and — 20 volts). Display is not triggered at either extreme of rotation p. Set the A SLOPE switch to + 1a. CHECK Rotate the A LEVEL contro! throughout is range and check that display can be triggered at any point long the positive slope af the waveform, Display is not triggered af either extreme of rotation, 1. Set the CH 1 VOLTS/DIV switch to 1 Set the A SOURCE switch to EXT. 1. Set the lowfrequency generator for @ four-division display [four volts peak to peak) ot one kilohertz v. CHECK—Rotate the A LEVEL control throughout its range ancl check that display can be triggered at ary paint ‘long the postive slope of the waveform lindicates A LEVEL contol range of at leost + and — two volts, Display is nat triggered ot either exteeme of rotation v. Set the A SLOPE switch 10 — w. CHECK Rotate the A LEVEL control throughout its range and check that display can be triggered ot any point ‘along the negative slope of the waveform. Display is not triggered ot either extreme of rotation x, Disconnect all test equipment. 40. Check A and B Line Triggering Operation REQUIREMENT—Stable display of line-frequency signal triggered on the correct polarity 1 Connect the 10% probe to the INPUT CH 1 connector. '. Chonge the following control settings: cH 1 vouTs/oIV 10 SOURCE [A and 8) UNE ‘A and B TIME/DIV 2msConnect the probe tip to a line-voltage source 4d, CHECK—Stable CRT display triggered on the correct slope. fe. Set the A SWEEP MODE switch to AUTO TRIG. 4. Set the HORIZ DISPLAY switch to B [DELAYED SWEEP} | CHECKSioble CRT dil wiggered onthe core slope. h, Disconnect all test equipment 41. Check Auto Recovery Time and Operation REQUIREMENT—Stable display with 50-nilisecond markers (20 hertz}; free-running display with 0.1-second markers (10 her) ‘0. Change the following control settings: VOLTS/DIV {CH 1 and 2) 2 SLOPE (A ond 8) + COUPLING (A and B) AC SOURCE (A and 8) INT DELAY-TIME MULTIPLIER 1.00 ‘A and B TIME/DIV 50 ps B SWEEP MODE B STARTS AFTER DELAY TIME HORIZ DISPLAY A b. Connect the time-mark generator to the INPUT CH 1 connector through a 42.inch 50-ohm BNC cable and 6 50: ‘ohm BNC termination «Set the time:mark generator for SO-milsocond markers. CAUTION at slow sweep rates, position the baseline of the marker display below the viewing area. 4, CHECK—Stable display can be obtained with the A LEVEL control. Marker must be at the start of the sweep, Set the fime-mark generater for 0.l-second morkers. f. CHECKSweep free runs and stable display cannot be oblained. If stable display is obtained, marker must not be ‘ot the start of the sweep. 42. Check A Sweep Timing Accuracy REQUIREMENT—Within 3% over middle eight divisions of the display. Within 5% over any two-division interval within conter eight divisions. fo. CHECK—Using the A TIME/DIV switch and fime-mark generator settings given in Table 5.2, check A sweep liming ‘within 0.24 division, over the middle eight divisions of the display (within 39). Fig. 5-19 shows © typical CRT display when checking sweep timing NOTE Unless otherwise noted, use the middle eight horizontal divisions when checking timing. Performance Check—Type 454/R454 TABLE 5-2 ‘A.and B Timing Accuracy and CRT Display TINE/OIV Time-Mork (markers/ Switch Setting | Generator Output_| division) 5 ys 50 nanosecond 1 Te GA1_tricroseoond “4 2s 1 microsecond 2 Sus 0.5 microsecond 1 - Ts 1 microsecond + 2us_ | 1 microsecond 2 Sys 5 microsecond = Ops 10 microsecond [1 20 ys 10 microsecond _ 2 50 ps ‘50 microsecond 1 ms ‘1 millisecond 1 2 ms ‘1 milizecond 2 Sime 05 millisecond ean 7 millsecond aise 1 millisecond 2 = 5 millisecond 4d 10m oc ae 20-ms 10 milisecond— 2 50 ms 50 millisecond aaae Ts 0.1 second a 2s O11 second 2 = 5s. 0.5 second 7 [a A Sweep Only Te T second 7 23 | 1 second 2 5s 5 second i Z Bb, Set the fime-mark generator for one-milisecond markers. Set the A TIME/DIV switch to 1 ms 4. Position the second marker to the firstdivision vertical ©, CHECK—Fourth marker within 0.1 division (within 5%) ofthe third-dvision vertical line. Feiner 5:19, Typicol CRT daplay showing correct A sweep timing 5-19Performance Check—Type 454/R454 4 Position the third marker to the second-division vertical line 9. CHECKFith marker within 0.1 division (within $7) of the fourth-dvision vertical line. fh. Continue this check for each two-divsion portion of the sweep within the center eight divisions of the graticul. 43. Check A Mognified Sweep Accuracy REQUIREMENT—Within 4% over middle eight divisions of the CRT display with the MAG switch sot to 10. Within 5% over ony Iwo-divsion interval within center eight divir sions. Megnifir light must be on ©. Set the MAG switch to 10 . CHECK—Using the A TIME/DIV switch ond timeinrk generator setings given in Table 53, check A mognied Sweep Hing within 032 civson over the middle eight dw sions ofthe magrifed display (within 4%} Note the por fiom of the lols! magnifed sweep length to be excluded from the measurement” Magri ight most ben NOTE Change the CH 1 VOLTS/DIV switch to 50 m¥ and use the HF STAB control to obtei Of the five-nanosecond markers . Set the time-mark generator for 0.l-milsecond markers 4. Set the A TIME/DIV switch to Ts 8. Position the first cightivision portion of the total magnified sweep onto the viewing area f. CHECK--One marker each division between first- and ninth-division graticule lines; marker at ninth-division ver fal line must be within 0:32 division {within 4%) of the line when the morker at the fist-divsion vertical line is posi fioned exe 9. Repeat this check for each eight-dvision portion of the ‘otal magnified sweep length fh. Set the horizontal POSITION and FINE controls to mid= range. i, Position @ marker to the fist-division vertical line. J. CHECK—Marker within 0.1 division (within Stk) of the third-division vertical line k. Position the marker neorest the second-divsion vertical line to the line | CHECK—Marker within 0.1 division (within 59) of the fourth-dvision vertical fine 1m. Continue this check for each two-ivision portion of ‘he displayed sweep within the center eight divisions of the ‘graticue. 44, Check B Sweep Ti REQUIREMENT—Within 3% over middle eight divisions of the display, Within 5% over any two-divsion interval within cenler eight divisions 19 Accuracy 5-20 TABLE 5.3 A and B Magnified Accuracy ‘A and 8 Time: CRT | Portions of TIME/ ‘Mork Display | total magnified DIV | Generator | (Mark- | sweep length Switeh ‘Output ers/ | to exclude Setting Division) from measurement & nanosecond | 1 | First 12 and lost six divisions Vye | 10 nanosecond | 1 | Fist six ond lost thee divis “Pas | 10 nanosecond | 2 Fitst three ond last 15 divi 54s | 50 nanosecond Tus | 01 microsecond 1 q 2ys [0.1 microsecond | 2 ~Sye | 05 microsecond | 1 | T microsecond | 1 “1 microsecond | 2 5 microsecond | 1 10 microsecond | 10 microsecond | 2 50 microsecond | 0.1 millisecond 1 2ms [1 millisecond | 2 ‘Sms [05 millisecond | 1 toms | 1 millisecond | 1 | 20ms | 1 millisecond | 2 50ms | 5 millisceond | 1 | 1s | 10 millisecond | 1 22 | 10 millisecond | 2 oe millisecond 1 1s] 01 second 1 2s | 1 second 2 1 5s [05 second «©, Set the MAG switch 10 OFF. bb, Set the HORIZ DISPLAY switch to B {DELAYED SWEEP) . CHECK—Using the A and B TIME/DIV switch and time mark generator settings given in Table 52, check B sweep timing within 0.25 division over the middle cight divisions of the display (within 3%). 4. Set the fime-mark generator for one-illisecond markers. fe, Set the A and B TIME/DIV switch to T ms f. Position the second marker to the firsdivision vertical line. 9, CHECK—Fourth marker within 0.1 division (within 5%) of the third-division vertical line fh, Position the third marker to the second:-division vertical line |, CHECK—Fith motker within 0.1 division (within 5%) cof the fourth division vertical line.i. Continue this check for each two-divsion potion of the sweep within the center eight divisions of the graticul. 45. Check B Magnified Sweep Accuracy REQUIREMENT—Within 4% over middle eight divisions ‘of the CRT lisplay with the MAG switeh set to 10. Within 5% over ony two-division interval within the center eight divisions ©. Set the MAG switch to X10. b, CHECK—Using the A and B TIME/DIV switch and time mark generator settings given in Table 53, check B magni fied sweep timing within 0.32 division over the middle eight divisions of the magnified display (within 434), Note the portions of the total magnified sweep length to be excluded from the measurement NOTE Change the CH 1 YOLTS/DIV switch to 50 mV to display the five-nanosecond markers . Set the fime-mark generator fer 0.1-milsecond markers d. Set the A and B TIME/DIV switch to 1 ms. fe, Set the horizontal POSITION and FINE controls to midrange, £ Position a matker to the fist-division vertical line. 8. CHECK—Marker within 0.1 division (within 5%) of the ‘hitd-division vertical line h, Postion the marker nearest the second-division vertical line’ to the line i. CHECK—Marker within 0.1 division (within 5%) of the founthdivison vertical line i. Continue this check for each two-divsion portion of the isployed sweep within the center eight divisions of the graticle 46, Check Delay Time Accuracy REQUIREMENT—DELAY TIME switch [A TIME/DIV) posi tions of Ts to 50ms, within 1.5%; 1 to 53, within 25% ©, Set the MAG switch to OFF. b, CHECK—Using the A TIME/DIV switch, B TIME/DIV switch ond fime-mark generator seings given in Table 5:4 check delayed sweep accuracy within the given tolerance. First set the DELAY-TIME MULTIPLIER dial to 1.00 ond rotate the dial unl the sweep starts at the top of the second marker (see Fig, 5:20), Note the dial reading and then set the dial to 9.00 and rotate slightly until the sweep stars ot the top of the tenth marker. DELAY-TIME MULTIPLIER dial setting must be 8.00 divisions higher, ++ or — the allowable error given in Table 5-4 NOTE Sweep will start at top of third marker at 1.00 and nineteenth marker at 9.00 for sweep rates which tare multiples of 2 (e.g, 2s, 20 us, 2 ms, etc.) If in doubt as to the correct setting of the DELAY. TIME MULTIPUER dial, set the HORIZ DISPLAY Performance Check—Type 454/R454 TABLE 5-4 Delayed Sweep Accuracy ATIME7 [8 TIME/] Time ‘Allowable pv. pv. ‘Mork | Error for Given switch | switch | Generator | Accuracy setting | setting | Output Tas Tus | 1 microsecond | ==12 minor 2us Ls 1 microsecond | dial divisions Sas Suz |S microsecond | (1.5%) 1 us Vs | 10 microsecond 20 us Tue | 10 microsecond 50 ps 51s | $0 microsecond Ym | 10ys” | 0. millisecond 2ms | 1Ops | 0.1 millisecond ‘Sms | S0ps [05 rilisecond Time Tims | | millisecond Sms | Ame | 1 wlisecond Sms | Sm | 5 millisecond 10m: Time | 10 millisecond | 20ms | Tims | 10 millisecond 50ms | Sms | 50 millisecond Ts TOms | 01 second 0 minor 2s TOms | O11 second iol divisions 55 ‘SOm: {05 second 25%) Vs 1s [1 second 2s Ts [1 second mr 5s | 5 second switch to A INTEN DURING 8 and check which marker is intensified 47. Check Delay Time Multiplier Incremental Linearity REQUIREMENT—Within 02%, 2. Change the following contol setings DELAY-TIME MULTIPLIER 9.00 A TINE/OV ms 8 TIME/OV Ons Fig, $20, Typlkel CRT dleplay when checking delayedesep eur 5-21Performance Check—Type 454/R454 b. Sot the ‘one:millisecond markers. time-mark generator for NOTE If there were not exactly 8.00 dial divisions be tween 1,00 and 9,00 with the A TIME/DIV switch set fo I'ms as measured in step 46, use parts through k to compensate for this error. Then the incremental linearity of the DELAY-TIME MULTI PLIER dial can be read directly from the dial. if the difference was exoctly eight divisions, pro- ceed to part m . Set the A TIME/DIV switch to Sms; then return the B TIME/DIV switch to 10 us 4. Set the HORIZ DISPLAY switch to A. 1. Set the A VARIABLE control for one matker each div sion between the first- and ninth-civision verticl lines. {Set the HORIZ DISPLAY switch to B (DELAYED SWEEP! {9 Set the DELAY-TIME MULTIPLIER dial to 1.00 ond rotate slightly until a marker is displayed at the start of the sweep. Note the dial reading fh, Set the DELAY-TIME MULTIPLIER dial exactly 800 dial divisions higher than the reading in port g, i. Turn the A VARIABLE control slightly soa marker is igployed at the stort of the sweep. i: Set the HORIZ DISPLAY switch to A INTEN DURING B and check for nine markers between the DELAY-TIME MULTIPLIER dial positions of 1.00 ond 9.00. k. Return the HORIZ DISPLAY switch to B [DELAYED SWEEP) and repeat parts g through { until the difference between the markers at about 1.00 and 9.00 is exactly 8.00 dial divisions. 1. Sot the DELAY-TIME MULTIPLIER diol 10 9.00. 1m, Rotate the DELAY-TIME MULTIPLIER dial slightly so 0 marker is displayed ot the slart of the sweep (see Fig. 5-2). 1. Note the exact DELAY-TIME MULTIPLIER dial reading ot 900, 6. Set the DELAY-TIME MULTIPLIER dial to 8.00, . CHECK—Dial reading should be 8.00 = two minor dial divisions (within 0.2%). Take into account the bosic dial error of 9.00 4g. Repeat check at each major dial division between 8.00 and 1.00. REQUIREMENT—One port or less in 20,000. 1, Change the following control settings: DELAY-TIME MULTIPLIER 1.00, ‘A TIME/DIV Tims B TIME/DIV Tas A VARIABLE cAL ®. Position the pulse near the center of the display area with the DELAY-TIME MULTIPLIER dial . CHECK—Jiter on the leading edge of the pulse should no! exceed 05 division (1 port in 20000); see Fig. 5.22. Disregard slow drift. d. Turn the DELAY-TIME MULTIPLIER diol to 9.00. and adjust so the pulie ie displayed near the center of the dis play rea, @, CHECK—itler on leading edge of the pulse should not exceed 05 division, see Fig. 522. Disregard slow drift 49. Check Magnifier Register REQUIRENENT—Less than 02-divsion sift when switching MAG switch from X10 to OFF. Yime-mork generator for 0, Set the five-milisecond markers b. Change the following control settings: HORIZ DISPLAY A MAG: x10 «. Position the middle marker (three markers on total sweep) to the center vertical line with the horizontal POS! TION and FINE controls (see Fig, 5-234) | I 7 Fig, 5-22, Typleal CAT displey when checking dely-time jerFig. $23, Typeel CRT display showing correct mognifie regsre- Hon (A) MAG swith st fo" 10, 18) MAG swith tt Yo OFF 4, Set the MAG switch to OFF ©. CHECK—Trace shift less than 0.2 division (see Fig 5.238) 50. Check A Sweep Length REQUIREMENT—Variable from four divisions, or less, to 11.0 divisions, -+0.5 division ©, Set the Hime-mark generator for I~ ond O.1-milsecond markers. Performance Check—Type 454/R454 b. Sot the A LEVEL control for @ stable display. . Move the eleventh marker to the center vertical line with the horizontal POSITION conivol (see Fig. 5-24). Large markers indicate divisions and small markers indicate 0.1 division. 4. CHECK—A Sweep length must be between 10.5 and 1155 divisions as shown by 0.5 to 1.5 divisions of display to the right of the center vertical line (see Fig. 5-24), @. Reposition the first marker to the left graticule line 4, Tum the A SWEEP LENGTH control to 4 DIV (hot in B ENDS A detent 9. CHECK—A Sweep length must be four divisions or less. 51. Check B Sweep Length REQUIREMENT—11.0 divisions, 05 division @. Change the following contol sotings: DELAY-TIME MULTIPUER 0:10 ‘A TINE/OIV 2s 8 TIME/DIV is B/SWEEP MODE TRIGGERABLE AFTER DELAY TIME HORIZ DISPLAY B (DELAYED SWEEP} A SWEEP LENGTH FULL b, Set the time-mark generator for 1- and 0.1-milisecond markers ‘&. Adjust the 8 LEVEL control for 0 stable display. 4. Move the eleventh large marker to the center vertical line withthe horizontal POSITION control [see Fig. 5-24) ©, CHECK—B Sweep length must be between 10.5 and 1155 divisions as shown by 0.5 fo 1.5 divisions of display 10 the right of the center vertical line (see Fig. 5-24) 52. Check B Ends A Operation REQUIREMENT—A Sweep ends immediately after the end fof 8 sweep when the A SWEEP LENGTH contol is set to B ENDS A. 12. Change the following control settings: ‘A TIME/DIV Tims 8 TIME/DIV J ms B SWEEP MODE B STARTS AFTER DELAY TIME HORIZ DISPLAY ‘A INTEN DURING 8 ‘A SWEEP LENGTH BENDS A b. Rotate the DELAY-TIME MULTIPLIER dial throughout its range. . CHECK—CRT display ends alter the intensified portion ‘at-all DELAY-TIME MULTIPLIER diol setings 5-23Performance Check—Type 454/R454 53. Check A Variable Control Range REQUIREMENT—Continuously variable sweep rate be tween calibrated A TIME/DIV switch setings 1, Change the following control settings: DELAY-TIME MULTIPLIER 0.10 B TIME/DIV Tims HORIZ DISPLAY A ‘A SWEEP LENGTH FULL b, Set the fime-mark generator for 1O-illscond markers, 6. Set the A LEVEL control for a stable display. 4. Postion the markers to the for left and right graticule lines with the horizontal POSITION contol @, Turn the A VARIABLE control fully counterclockwise 4. CHECK—CRT display for fourdivisions maximum spac ing between markers (indicates adequate range for continu ously variable sweep rate between the calibrated steps; fee Fig. 525). UNCAL A OR 8 light must be on when A VARIABLE control is not in CAL position d. CHECK—CRT display for foursdivision maximum spac- ing between markers [indicates adequate range for conti nuovsly variable sweep rate between the callbrated steps: see Fig. 5-25, UNCAL A OR B light must be on when B VARIABLE contra! is not in CAL position. 55. Check X Gain REQUIREMENT Correct horizontal deflection for X.Y mode operation in the 20m¥ CH 1 VOLTS/DIV switch pos: 1, Change the following control settings: vours/o1v 20m TRIGGER CH 1 ONLY OR XY HORIZ DISPLAY xy b. Connect the stondard amplitude calibrator to the INPUT CHT connector with the 42inch BNC cable. € Sot tho standard amplitude calibrator for @ 0.1volt square-wave output 4. Increase the INTENSITY control setting unl the die play (two dots about five divisions oper) is visible. Fig. 5.25. Te Covel ronge lay when checking A ond 8 VARIABLE 54, Check B Variable Control Range REQUIREMENT Continuously variable sweep ‘ale be: ‘ween calibrated 8 TIME/DIV switeh settings. 2, Change the following control selings ‘A TIME/OWY Sms 8 TIME/OIV ms A VARIABLE CAL 8 SWEEP MODE TRIGGERABLE AFTER DELAY TIME HORIZ DISPLAY B (DELAYED SWEEP) b, Position markers to. the for left and right graticule lines with the horizontal POSITION control ‘¢. Tum the B TIME/DIV VARIABLE control (on side panel} fully counterclockwise 5-24 Fig. 5:26. Typeel CRT disply showing correct X Gein 8. Move the display to the center of the graticule with the CH 1 POSITION contro f. CHECK -CRT display for five divisions deflection, (see Fig. 5-26). horizontal a. IF necessary, adjust the X-GAIN adjustment (on side panel) for exactly five divisions horizontal deflection h. Disconnect all test equipment 56. Check X-Y Phasing REQUIREMENT — hertz 3° or less phase shift up to two mega @. Connect the medivmfrequency _constant-amplitude sine-wave generator to the INPUT CH 1 and INPUT CH 2connectors through the five-nanosecand GR cable, $0:ohm in Tine termination and the dusl-input coupler b. Change the following cantral settings cH 1 VouTS/DIV Tomy cH 2 VOUTS/DIV 50mv c. Set the mediumrequency generator for a 10-division horizontal display at two megahertz 4d. Center the display vertically and horizontally with the CH) and CH 2 POSITION controls, e. CHECK—CRT display for on opening ot the conter horizontal line of 0.52 division or less [3° or less phase shift; 02 Fig. 527) f. Set the mediumfrequency generator for a 10-ivision horizontal disploy at one megahertz IF necessary, recenter the display with the CH 1 and CH’? POSITION ‘controls. Performance Check—Type 454/R454 4, Without changing the output amplitude, increase the output frequency of the generator until the horizontal defi: tion is reduced to 42 divisions {3B point; see Fig, 528) @. CHECK—Output frequency of generator must be two megahertz or higher 0.52 division or ls Fig, $27, Typleal CRT ny whan checking XY phasing h, CHECK—CRT display for an opening at the center hori horizontal line of 0.52 division of less [3° or less phase shit; see Fig, 52, i. Set the constant-ampltude generator for a 10-divsion horizontal display at 0.5 megahertz j._l necessary, recenter the display with the CH 1 and CH 2 POSITION controls, k. CHECK—CRT display for maximum opening ot the cen ter horizontal line of 0.52 division or less [8° or less phase shit; see Fig. 5:27) 57, Check X Bandwidth in X-Y Mode REQUIREMENT—Not more than 6. Disconnect the dual-input coupler from the INPUT CH 2 connector. 3.48 at two megahertz b. Set the mediomtrequency generator for a sixcivision horizontal display ot is reference frequency (50 kHz) Set the generator to its variable frequency postion Fig. 5-28, Typleel CRT display when ceding XY bandwith (double exposure) 58. Check Beam REQUIREMENT—Display remains within graticule area when BW.BEAM FINDER switch is in the BEAM FINDER Position regardless of the deflection factor or POSITION ccontral settings. inder Operation 2. Reconnect the dval-input coupler to the INPUT CH 2 b. While holding the BW.BEAM FINDER switch down, rotate the CH | and CH 2 POSITION controls and CH 1 and CH 2 VOLTS/DIV switches throughout their range. & CHECK—CRT display remains within the graticule area, 4d, While holding the BW-BEAM FINDER switch down, adjust the positioning contrals unlil the display is centered fabout the gratcule center lines. Then, increase the X and Y deflection factors until the display is reduced to about two divisions vertically and about four divisions horizontally. fe. Releate the BW-BEAM FINDER switch f. CHECK—CRT display must remain within the graticule 1g: Reduce the INTENSITY control 19 6 normal setting h. Disconnect all test equipment 59. Check Chopped Operation REQUIREMENT—Chopped repetition cate, one megahertz 120%: fime segment from each channel, 416 to 625 nano seconds; switching transients blanked out 5-25Performance Check—Type 454/R454 1. Change the following contro! settings: MODE CHOP TRIGGER NORM A and 8 TIME/DIV 2ys HORIZ DISPLAY A BTIME/DIV VARIABLE CAL b, Position the traces about four divisions oper’ . Set the A LEVEL contol for a stable display. dd, CHECK—Each cycle for duration of 4.2 to 6.25 divisions {one megahertz, =+20%; see Fig. 529) ©, CHECKLength of each segment between 2.1 and 3.1 divisions (416 to 625 nanoseconds; see Fig. 5:29). f. CHECK—CRT dizplay for complete blanking of switeh ing transien's between chopped segments (see Fig. 5-29) ‘eve tiie m1 Smithing tronsent blonted out 60, Check Calibrator Repetition Rate REQUIREMENT—One bilohert2, 0.5% 2. Change the following control setings cH 1 vouTs/oIV 5 CH 2 VOLTS/DIV 2 MODE Aur ‘A and 8 TIME/DIV me b. Connect the 1 CAL 1 kHz connector tothe INPUT CH’) connector with an TBinch 50:ohm BNC cable ‘c. Connect the fime-mark generator to the INPUT CH 2 connector through @ 42:inch 50-0hm BNC cable and 6 50: ‘ohm BNC termination d, Set the time-mark generator for rmatkers. «. Position the display so the fips of the markers fall ust below the rising portions of the square wave (see Fig, 5-20) f. Set the A LEVEL control so both woveforms stort at the same point @. Position the rising portion of the second calibrator cycle 40 the center vertical line. cone-millisecond 5-26 Fig. 5-30. Typicel CRT display showing correct elibrater repetition h, Set the MAG switch 10 10. i, CHECK—Separation between Colibrator waveform leading edge and the marker leading edge not to excoed 05 division (0.5% accuracy; see Fig. 5:20) i. Disconnect the time-mark generator. 61. Check Calibrator Duty Cycle REQUIREMENT 49% 10.51% 1. Change the following control settings: cH 1 vouTs/o1v 2 MODE CHI MAG oFF . Canter the display vertically with the CH 1 POSITION control €, Set the A LEVEL contro! so the display starts at the $0% point on the rising pottion of the waveform (the INTENSITY Control may need to be advanced slightly to see the rising portion of the waveform Fig. 5-21, Typleol CRT diplay when checking calbeeor duty ere4, Set the MAG switch to 10 «. Position the 50% point on the flling edge of the Cali beater waveform to the center vertical line. 4. Set the A SLOPE switch to —. 9. CHECK—50% point on rising edge now displayed not dlsploced more thon two divisions from the center vertical Tine (duty cycle 49% 10 51%; see Fig. 531). 62. Check Calibrator Risetime REQUIREMENT—One microsecond or les. 10, Change the following control seltings: ‘A SLOPE + ‘A and B TIME/OIV ys MAG. OFF b, Set the A LEVEL contro so all of the rising portion of the Calibrator waveform is visible €. Position the 10% point of the leading edge to a vert cal graticule line. d. CHECKCRT display for five divisions or less between the 10% ond 90% poinis on the loading edge of the coli bbrator waveform (one microsecond, of less, risetime; see Fig 5.32) Five divisions or lets for corec eetine Fig, 5:22, Typical CRT splay when checking callrotrssetime 63. Check Calibrator Voltage Output REQUIREMENT—One voll, 1% ‘8. Change the following control settings cH 1 vouTs/DIV 1 ‘A SOURCE UNE ‘A and 8 TIME/DIV Sms b. Connect the 1¥ CAL 1 kHz connector to the unknown input connector of the standard amplitude calibrator with @ Linch BNC cable . Set the standard amplitude calibrator for a positive, fone-valt DC output in the mixed mode. formance Check—Type 454/R454 4. Connect the standard amplitude calibrator output to the INPUT CH 1 connecter. «@, Set the A LEVEL control for © stable display. f. Position the top of the waveform on the display area with the CH 1 POSITION control 4g. CHECK—Difference between the stondard omplitude calibrator output level and the Type 454 calibrator output 0.1 division or less (one volt, +1; see Fig, 5:3), h. Disconnect all test equipment. calvaer De level fer shown by Fig. 5-33. Typeol CRT display when checking voltage output of 64. Check Current through Current Probe Cal Loop REQUIREMENT—Five milliamperes ‘2. Connect the currentmeasuring probe and passive seri nation to the INPUT CH 1 connector. b. Set the passive termination for a sensitivity of 2 mA/m¥. ‘Clip the current:measuring probe around the CURRENT PROBE CAL loop, 1d. Change the following control settings: cH 1 VouTs/DIV SaV ‘A SOURCE INT ‘A and 8 TIME/DIV Sms ©, CHECK—CRT display 0.5 division in amplitude (five milliamperes; see Fig. 5:34) NoTE This step checks for the presence of current in the CURRENT PROBE CAL loop. This current will remain in the stated 1% acuracy due to the tolerance of the divider resistors ond tolerance of the cali- brator output voltage. If itis necessary to verify the accuracy of the calibrator current, use current measuring meter with an accuracy of af least 0.25%: 4 Disconnect all test equipment 5-27Performance Check—Type 454/R454 05 division Fig, 5-96. Typeal CRT da if when checking calibrator eure 65. Check External Z Axis Operation REQUIREMENT—Noticeable trace modulation with five valt signal fram DC to 50 megaherts or greater. 1. Change the following control settings: ‘A SOURCE ExT ‘A ond 8 TIME/OIV 20 us b, Set the INTENSITY control to a normal setting, &, Connect the medium-frequency generator fo the A EXT TRIG INPUT connector through the five-nanosecond GR cable, 50.ohm inline termination and BNC T connector. Connect the output of the BNC T connector to the Z AXIS INPUT binding’ posts through « 42.inch BNC cable and the BNC to alligator clip adopter. (Comeet black lead of alligator dlip adapter to ground post} . Remove the ground strap from between the binding posts «2, Set the megium-fequency generator for five-volt output ct 50 kilohertz [ose calibrated positon of generator amplitude conte f. CHECK—CRT display for noticeable intensity module Yion (see Fig. 535A), The INTENSITY control seting may seed to be reduced fo view trace modulation. @. Set the constant-amplitude generator for five-volt out pul at 50 megahertz [use calibrated position of generator ‘amplitude contol fh. Set the A and 8 TIME/DIV switch 10 0.05 ns i. CHECK—CRT display for noticeable intensity modula ‘ion (see Fig. 5358). The INTENSITY control setting may need to be reduced to view trace modulation i. Disconnect all test equipment and replace ground strap. 66. Check A + Gate Output Signal REQUIREMENT. Polarity, positive going; amplitude, 126 volts 10%; duration, about 11 times tae A TIME/DIV switeh ‘ting @. Sel the A and 8 TIME/DIV switch to Tims. Be sure the A SWEEP LENGTH control is set to FULL 5-28 “Suplay when hed , Connect the A + GATE connector {on side pore to the testoscillecope input connector with the 42-inch BNC cable. & Set the test oxcilloscone for a vertical deflection factor of five volts/divison at @ sweep rote of two milliseconds! division 4d. CHECK—Testoscilloscope display for 25. divisions, 1-025 division, verical deflection with the bottom of the frre tere | tha Selt/anion, sweep ete,Fig. 5-37. Typical test ox ey when checking A SWEEP itp amplitude (varcl deflection fata, ve vele/avsian; sweep rote, We. millaconds/ vision! waveform about 0.1 division below the zerowolt level (126 volts =+10%; see Fig. 56). Gate duration should be about [55 divisions fabout 11 times the A TIME/DIV switch setting) 67. Check A Sweep Output Signal REQUIREMENT—Polarity, postive going; amplitude, 10 volts 10%; duration, about I times the A TIME/DIV switch sting. 1, Connect the A SWEEP connector (on side panel] to the test oscilloscope input connector with the 42-inch BNC cable. Performance Check—Type 454/R454 b. CHECK—Test oscilloscope display for a vertical deflec: Yion of two divisions, 0.2 division with the bottom of the waveform near the zero-volt level (10 volts *+10%G; see Fig. 5.37), Sweep duration should be about 5.5 divisions fabout 11 times the A TIME/OIV switch setting} 68. Check B + Gate Output Signal REQUIREMENT Polarity, positive going: amplitude, 12.6 volts 210%; duration, about 11 times the B TIME/DIV switch setting 2. Connect the B + GATE connector (on side panel) to the testoscilloscope input connector with the 42-inch BNC cable. b. Change the following control settings DELAY-TIME MULTIPLIER 0.10 A TIME/DIV ms B TIME/DIV Ts HORIZ DISPLAY 8 (DELAYED SWEEP) < CHECK—Test oxcilloscope display for 25 divisions, 1-025 division, vertical deflection with the bottom of the waveform about 0.1 duration below the zero-volt level (126 volts ==10%; see Fig. 524). Gote duration should be about [55 divisions about 11 times the B TIME/DIV switch setting) This completes the performance check procedure for the Type 454. If the instrument has met all performance require: iments given in this praceduce, itis cortedly calibrated and within the specified tolerances 5-29Type 454/R454 SECTION 6 CALIBRATION Introduction Complete calibration information for the Type 454 is given in this section. Performing the complete procedure cetures this insiument 10 original performance standards. Limits, toler lances and waveforms inthis procedure ore given as calibra fion guides ond ore no! instrument specifications. If itis desired 10 mevely touch up the calibration perform only those. sHepe entitled "Adjust. ..”. A short-form calibration proce ddute is also provided in this section for the canvenience of the experienced calibrator. The Type 454 should be checked, ond recclibroted if necessary, after each 1000 hours of operation, or every six months if used infrequenlly, fo assure correct operation ond ‘accuracy. The Performance Check section of this manvol provides @ complete check of instrument performance with fut making internal adjustments. Usa the Performance Check procedure to verify the calibration of the Type 454 tand determine if recalibration is require. TEST EQUIPMENT REQUIRED General ‘The following test equipment, or its equivalent, is required for complete calibration of the Type 454 [see Figs. 61 ond 6.2). Specifications given are the minimum necessary for ac curate ‘calibration of this instrument. All test equipment is fssumed to be correcly calibrated ond operating within tho given specifications. If equipment is subsivted, it must meet for exceed the specifications of the recommended equipment For the quickest and most accurate calibration, special calibration fixtures are used where necessary. These special calibration fixtures are available from Tektronix, Inc. Order by part number through your local Tektronix Field Office or representative. 1. Variable autotransformer. Must be capable of supply ing 200 voltiamperes over o range of 90 to 136 volts (180 to 272 volts for 230-valt nominal line). [If autotransformer does nat have an AC vollmeter to indicate output voltage, ‘moniter the output with an AC. voltmeter with range of at least 136 or 272 volts, RMS} For example, General Radio WIOMTSW Metered Variae Autotransformer {note that the {ull current capabilites of this unit are not required 2, Precision DC voltmeter, Accuracy, within 005%, meter resolotion, 50 microvolts; range, zero to two kilovals For example, Floke Model 825A Differontial DC Voltmeter (use Fluke Model 806-2 Voltage Divider to measure voliages bore 500 volt) 3, Test Oscilloscope, Bandwidth, DC to SO.MHz: minimum deflection factor, five_millvalts/division; accuracy, within 3%. Tektronix Type 453 of Type 454 Oscilloscope recom mended 4.1% probe with BNC connector. Tektronix PEDIT Probe recommended. 5.10% probe with BNC connector. Tektronix P6OIO or P6047 recommended. 6, Time:mark generator. Marker outputs, five seconds 10 five nanoseconds; marker accuracy, within 0.1%. Tektronix Type 184 Time-Mark Generator recommended 7. Standard amplitude calibrator, Amplitude accurecy, within 025%; signal amplitude, five milivolls to 50 volts ‘output signal, one-kilohortz square wave and positive DC voltage. Tektronix calibration fixture 087-0502:00 recom mended 8, Square. wave generator. Frequency, one kilohertz and ‘one megahertz; rsetime, one nanosecond or less from fost fise output; output omplitude, abeut 120 volts unterminated ‘or 12 volts into 50 ohms. Tektronix Type 106 Square-Wave Generator recommended. 9, Fastise, high-amplitude pulse generator. Risetime, 0.25, nonsecond ar lest; repetition rate, 580 to 720 pulses/second; ‘amplitude, variable from 20 milivolts to ten volts. Tektronix Type 109 Pulse Generatar recommended. 10, Charge line. Impedance, 50 ohms, electrical length, 6 renoseconds, connectors, GRE74, Tektronix Type 113 Delay Cable recommended, 11, Signal ineertion unit. Input connector, GRE74 (Tek trorix P&O40 probel; output connectors, fits delay-line input jacks of Type 454; purpose, to adjust compensation of Vert fol Output Amplifier, Tektronix Calibrotion Fixture 067-0553. (0 and P4040 probe, Tektronix Port No, 010-0139-00 recom: mended 12, Signal pickott. Connectors, GR874 theusignal con nectors and ENC signal-pickoff connector. Tektronix Type CT-3 504 Signo! Pickolf recommended (Tektronix Part No. 017-0061-00). 12. High-frequency conslantamplitude sine-wove genera tor, Frequency, 65 megahertz to cbove 150 megahertz; reference frequency, three megahertz; output amplitude, Yriable from 0.5 vot to five vols; amplitude accuracy, with in 1% at three megohert2 ond from & megahertz to 150 megahertz, Tektronix calibration fixture 067-0532-00 recom mended, 14, Medium-requency constantomplitude sinewave gen erator. Frequency, 350 lohertz to 100 megahertz; reference Frequency, 50 kiohertz, ovtput amplitude, variable from five millvlts to five volts into 50 ohms or 10 volts unterminateds ‘amplitude accuracy, within 3% at 50 kilohertz and from 350, Filohertz, to 100 megahertz. Tektronix Type 191 Constant Amplitude Signal Generator recommended. 15, Low-frequency sine-wave generator. Frequency, 10 hertz to 100 kilohertz; output amplitude, voriable from 0S volts to 40 volts peok to peak; amplitude accuracy, within 3% from 10 hertz to 100 kilohertz. For example, General Radio 1310-A Oscillator (vie @ General Radio Type 27408) Adaptor to provide BNC output 61Colibration—Type 454/RAS4 ” Fig. 614. Recommended callration equipment. Item 1 through 13, 6-2Colibration—Type 454/R454 * |e a —Q Cy en eo Fig. 6-18, Rocommaned calibration equipment. toms 14 though 28. 63Colibration—Type 454/R454 =>—_ 63) Fig. 6:2. Recommended calitation equipment, tome 30 through 34. 16, Curtent-meacuring probe with passive termination. Sen sitivity, two miliamperes/milival; accuracy, within 3%. Tek ‘enix P&O19 Current Probe with 011-0078.00 passive termina tion recommended. 17. Coble [Wwo). Impedance, 50 ohms; type, RG-58/U; length, 42 inches; connectors, BNC. Tektronix Part No, 012: 0087-00. 18, BNC T connector. Tektronix Part Ne. 103:0030-00, 19. Coble. Impedance, 50 ohms; type RG-58/U; length, 18 inches; connectors, BNC. Tektronix Part No. 012.0076-00. 20, Cable |two}. Impedance, 0 ohms; type RG-213/U; electrical length, five nanoseconds, connectors, GRB74. Tek fronix Part No, 017-0802.00 2), Inline termination, Impedance, 50 ohms; wattage rat ing, two walls; accuracy, 3%; connectors, GRE74 input with BNC male output. Tektronix Part No. 017-0083-00 22. Input RC ormalizer. Time constant, 1 megohm 2OpF; attenuation, 2%; connectors, BNC. Tektronix cal bration fixture 067-0538-00 23, 5X attenuator. Impedance, 50 ohms, accuracy, 3% connectors, GR874, Tekivonix Part No. 017-0079-00. 24, 10% attenvator. Impedance, 50 ohms; accuracy, 23%; connectors, GR674, Tektronix Part No. 017-0078.00. 25. Dualinput coupler. Motched signal transfer 10 each input, Tektronix calibration fixture 087:0525-00. 26. Adapler. Adopts GRE74 connector lo BNC female connector. Tektronie Part No. 017-0064-09. 27. Termination. Impedance, 50 obms; accuracy, +3) ‘connectors, BNC. Tektronix Part No. 011-0049-00. 28. 5% ttonvator. Impedance, 50 ohms; accuracy, connectors, BNC. Tektronix Part No, 011-006000. 29. Adapter. Connectors, BNC female end two alligator clips, Tektronix Port No. 013-0076.00. 30, Screwdriver. Theee.inch shaft. Tektronix Part No, 003- 0192.00. 31. Leweapoditance screw Part No. 003-0000-00, 32. Tuning tod. Five.inch, for 0.100inch (ID) hex slugs Tektronix Part No. 003-0301: 33. Tuning tool. Handle and insert for 5/64-inch (ID) hex cores, Tektronix Part Nos. 008-0307-00 and 003-0310.00. 34. Capacitor tuning tool. Four.inch with slotted head. Tek- Part No, 003:0496:00. 35, Elbow (not shows). Impedance, 50 ohms: connectors, GRE74. Tektronix Part No. 017-0070:00. 36, Short-circui Fermination {not showr). Connector, GRE74, ‘Tektronix Port No, 017-0087-00, fer. Vprinch shaft. Tektronie "6This Short-Form Calibration Procedure shortform calibration procedure is provided 10 aid in checking the operation of the Type 454. It may be used ‘a: © colibration guide by the experienced calibrator, or it may be used a: a record of calibration. Since the step. num bers and titles used here correspond to those used in the complete procedure, this procedure also serves as an index to locate 6 step in the complete Calibration Procedure. Per formance requirements cortespond to these given in Sec tion 1 ‘of this manvol Type 454, Serial No. Calibration Date Calibrated by 1. Adjust —12.¥elt Power Supply (R124). Page 69 12 volts, 0.032 volt [1 2. Adjust +12-Volt Power Supply (R1158). Page 6-10 Adjust for +1 valt, 0,003 volt, ot 1V CAL T kHz connector with QI275 removed. Check for +120 to +122 volts output from supply. Adjust +75.Volt Power Supply (R118). Page 6-10 475 volts, -+0.278 volt Check Voltage at PROBE POWER Poge 6:11 Connectors. +12 volts, 12 volts and ground at the correct terminals of the CH 1 and CH 2 PROBE POWER connectors Adjust High-Voltage Supply and Check Page 6:17 Regulation (R140!) 1960 volts, 19.6 volls. Must remain within 158.8 volts of this output level over input line vol ‘age range and INTENSITY contral changes. ‘Adjust CRT Grid Bias (R1447) Poge 6:11 Seo procedure, Check Low Voltage Power-Supply Ripple. Page 6:13 Two millivolts peak-o-peck maximum ripple on the 12,, 4-12 and -+75:elt supplies. Adjust Trace Alignment (@1480) Poge 6:14 Trace parallel to horizontal graticule lines. ‘Ave Astigmatism (81489), Page 6:15 Sharp, well-defined display. Adjust ¥ Axis Alignment (R1485), Page 6.16 Markers parallel to the center vertical line within 0.1 division Adjust CRT Geometry (81482) Page 6:16 Bowing or fil of markers of left and right extremes of display 40.1 division or les. ow Oo Ow. ov. Cie. On. Om. a 1 24 O14. Colibration—Type 454/R454 ‘Adjust Channel 1 ond 2 Step Attonu ator Balance (R21, R28, R121, R128}. 0.1 division, or less, trace shift as VOLTS/DIV switch is changed from 20mV to Sm. 01 division, or less, trace shift es VOLTS/DIV switch is changed from 50 mV to 1 Page 6:16 Adjust Vertical Centering (R334) Poge 6:17 Conect operation; see procedure. Adjust Channel 1 and 2 Pestion Center- Page 6:18 ing (R40, R140). Trace at center horizontal line with CH 1 and CH 2 POSITION controls centered. ‘Adjust Channel 1 and 2 Goin and Out pput Amplifier Goin (R67, R167, R365) Cortect vertical deflection in the 20mV positions of the CH 1 ond CH 2 VOLTS/DIV switches. Page 620 Check Added Mode Operation Page 621 Cortect signal addition within 3%. Check Channel 1 and 2 Deflection Page 6:21 Accuracy. Vertical deflection within 3% of CH 1 and CH 2 VOLTS/DIV switch indication Check Channel 1 and 2 Variable Volts! Page 622 Division Range, Continuously variable deflection factor between the calibrated steps. Check Channel 1 and 2 Cascaded Page 6-22. Deliecion Factor One millveltf division o less. Check Chanel 1 and 2 Input Coupling Page 6:22 Switch Operation. Corcect signal coupling in each position of the CH. Vand CH 2 Input Coupling switches Page 623 0.1 division, ox less, compression or expansion of {2 two-division signal [at center screen) when pos tioned to the vertical extremes of the graticule ares. Check Low-Frequency Vertical Linearity Check Trace Shift Due to Input Grid Page 6.28 Current 0.4 division or less ot SmV/DW. Check Alternate Operation Page 623 Trace alternation at all sweep sates. ‘Adjust Channel 1 Vols/Divsion Switch Page 6:24 Compensation (CSA, C5D, C6A, C6E, CA, Optimum Channel 1 square-wave response. ‘Adjust Channel 2 Volts/Division Switch Page 6-25 Compensation {CIO5A, C105D, C1O6A, C1O6E, C109) Optimum Channel 2 square-wave response 65Calibration—Type 454/R454 Oo. az. oO. ak 2 ox Os. o™. ay. pw Oo». Oo. Adjust Delay-Line Termination and Com. Page 62 pensation (C402, Ral7, RAl9} Minimum aberrations in the area about 280 nono: seconds alter the rising portion of @ step function ‘and optimum square-wave response. Adjust Output Amplifier High-Frequency Poge 627 Compensation {C353, C426, 1394, 1494, R353, R382, R394, R424, RAPA) Correct bias on Q474 and optimum square-wave fe sporse with Verticel Output Amplifier driven directly through delay line Adjust Channel 1 High Frequency Com- Page 629 pensation (C25, C43, C45, CAPA, CAPF, CAFH, C491, CAIN, C80, C78, Rad, RADA, RAS, RABH, RAGIN) Optimum square-wave response, ‘Adjust Channel 2 High Frequency Com- Page 631 pensation (C125, C143, C145, C149A, C149F, CARH, 149), C149N, C160, C178, RIAVA, RI49G, RIAPH, Rison) Optimum square-wave response, Check 0.1 voll, SOmV, 20 mV ond TO mV Bondwidth of Channel 1 and 2 0.1 volt, SOmY and 20 mV; not more than —3d8 ‘81 150 megahertz: 10mV, nat more than 348 et 100 megohertz, Check Added Mode Bondwidth Not more than 348 at 150 megahertz, Poge 633, Poge 6:35 Check SmV Bandwidth of Channel 1 cand 2. Not more than —3¢8 at 6 megahertz Page 6:35 Check Channel 1 ond 2 Coscaded Band: Page 635 width, Not mare thon —3 dB at 33 megahertz Check Bandwidth Limiter Operation Page 6:35. Not more than —348 at four megahertz ond not less thon —3¢B at six megahertz Check Low-Frequency, AC Coupled Page 636 wie Not more than —3B at 10 hertz Check Common-Mode Rejection Ratio. Page 637 10:1 oF greoter at 50 megahertz, Check Attenuator Isolation Ratio. Poge 638 10,000:1 oF greater at 50 megahertz Check Amplifier Crosstalk Ratio. Poge 638 100:1 or greater, DC to 50 megahert Adjust CH 1 OUT DC level (R52) Page 639 Zero volts with the Wace centered Adjust A ond B Trigger Level Centering Page &40 (R643, READ} Correct operation of tigger cirvits; see procedure. oa 2, ne. oa, os na no. o4#. o#. 50. os oe O88. Adjust Trigger Preamp OC Level and Normal Trigger OC Level (R272, R51) Correct operation of trigger circuits; see procedure. Check A ond 8 20 Megahertz Triggering Page 6-41 Operation, Internal, stable display in AC, LF RES ond DC posi fions of A and 8 COUPLING switches with 03 division display; external, steble display in AC, LF REJ ond DC positions of A and B COUPLING switches with 75:milvolt signal Check A and 8 150 Mogahert2 Trigger ing Operation Internal, stable display in AC, LF REJ ond DC posi tions of A and B COUPLING switches with Sv sion signal, extemal, stoble display in AC, LF REI ‘and OC positions of A and 8 COUPLING switches with 375.millvalt signal Page 6-4) Page 642 Check A and 8 Low-Frequency Trigger Poge 643. ing Operation, Internal, stable display in AC, HF REI and DC posi tions of A and 8 COUPLING switches with 0:3div sion display at 60 hertz; external, stable display in ‘AC, HF REJ and DC positions of A ond B COUPLING switches with 75-milivolt signal ot 60 hertz Check A ond 8 High-Frequency Reject Poge 643 Operation, Stable display with O3-divison display ot 50 kilo hertz; does not trigger at one megaheriz Check A and B Low-Frequency Reject Page 6-44 Operation Stable display with O3-division display ot 30 kilo hertz; dae: not trigger at 60 hertz Check Single Sweep Operation Page 6.44 Sweep triggets at same A LEVEL control settings {5 in AUTO TRIG, after each swoen, further displays fare lacked out until the RESET button is pressed, Check A and B Slope Switch Operation. Page 6-44 Stable wiggering on correct slope of trigger signal Check A and B Triggering Level Control Page 615 Range, EXT, of least + ond — 2 volts; EXT + 10, at least + and — 20 volts, Page 645 Stable disploy of line frequency signal, triggered fon the correct polarity Check Line Triggering Operation, Check Auto Recovery Time and Oper Page 6:47 Stable display with SO-millsecond markers (20 her} free-running display with .l-second markers ‘Adjust Sweep Stott and A Sweep Cali. Page 648 brotion (8743, R956) Correct operation of sweep circuits; see procedure. Adjust Normel Goin (1036) Pose 649 Comect A sweep timing of 1 ms/DIV