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APOLONIO, JC - Study Guide - Chapter 15 PDF

This document provides a study guide for Chapter 15, covering theories of labor onset, pelvic types, fetal skull bones and sutures, fetal lie and presentation, fetal position, station, cardinal movements, labor contractions, and fetal heart rate decelerations. It defines key terms and differentiates contraction types and fetal heart rate patterns. The guide includes diagrams and spaces to fill in measurements and descriptions.

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Justin Apolonio
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48 views

APOLONIO, JC - Study Guide - Chapter 15 PDF

This document provides a study guide for Chapter 15, covering theories of labor onset, pelvic types, fetal skull bones and sutures, fetal lie and presentation, fetal position, station, cardinal movements, labor contractions, and fetal heart rate decelerations. It defines key terms and differentiates contraction types and fetal heart rate patterns. The guide includes diagrams and spaces to fill in measurements and descriptions.

Uploaded by

Justin Apolonio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STUDYGUIDE FOR

Chapter 15

Name: Apolonio, Justin Collantes Section:_A Date


INSTRUCTION: FILL IN WHAT IS NEEDED

Theories of Onset of labor

1. Uterine muscle stretching

2. Pressure on cervix

3. Oxytocin stimulation

4. Change in ratio of estrogen to progesterone

5. Placental age

6. Rising fetal cortisol

4 P’s Component/Factors affecting labor

Passage way: describe each type of pelvis

1. Gynecoid - It has an almost round brim and will permit the passage of an
average-sized baby with the least amount of trauma to the mother and baby in
normal circumstances
2. Android - It has a heart-shaped brim and is quite narrow in front. This type of
pelvis is likely to occur in tall women with narrow hips and is also found in
African women.
3. Anthropoid - It has an oval brim and a slightly narrow pelvic cavity. The outlet is
large, although some of the other diameters may be reduced. If the baby
engages in the pelvis in an anterior position, labour would be expected to be
straightforward in most cases.
4. Platypelloid - It has a kidney-shaped brim and the pelvic cavity is usually shallow
and may be narrow in the antero-posterior (front to back) diameter. The outlet
is usually roomy. During labour the baby may have difficulty entering the pelvis,
but once in, there should be no further difficulty.

Identify Pelvis

1 the false pelvis 2

the true pelvis

Fetal Skull Bones:

1. 2 frontal bone

2. 2 parietal bone

3. 2 temporal bone

4. 1 occipatal bone

2
Describe the Fetal Skull Sutures:

1. Metopic Suture - This extends from the top of the head down the middle of the
forehead, toward the nose. The 2 frontal bone plates meet at the metopic
suture.
2. Coronal Suture - This extends from ear to ear. Each frontal bone plate meets
with a parietal bone plate at the coronal suture.
3. Sagittal Suture - This extends from the front of the head to the back, down
the middle of the top of the head. The 2 parietal bone plates meet at the
sagittal suture.
4. Lamboidal Suture - his extends across the back of the head. Each parietal
bone plate meets the occipital bone plate at the lambdoid suture.

Fetal Fontanels : (Describe)

1. Anterior Fontanel (Bregma) - This is the junction where the 2 frontal and 2
parietal bones meet. The anterior fontanelle remains soft until about 18
months to 2 years of age.
2. Posterior Fotanel (Lambda) - This is the junction of the 2 parietal bones and the
occipital bone. The posterior fontanelle usually closes first, before the anterior
fontanelle, during the first several months of an infant's life.

Fetal Head Diameter: indicate the measurement

1. Biparietal – 9.25cm
2. Bitemporal – 8cm
3. Occipitofrontal – 12 cm
4. Occipitomental – 13.5
5. Suboccipitobregmatic - 9.5 cm

3
Fetal Lie, and Attitude: Supply the Needed information

Type Lie Attitude Description

Vertex Longitudinal Good (full The head is sharply flexed, making the parietal bones
flexion) or the space between the fontanelles (the vertex)
the presenting part

Brow Longitudinal Moderate Because the head is only moderately flexed, the
(military) brow or sinciput becomes the presenting part.

Face Longitudinal Poor The fetus has extended the head to make the face
the presenting part.

Mentum Longitudinal Very poor The fetus has completely hyperextended the head to
present the chin, causing the presenting diameter
(the occipitomental) to be so wide
that vaginal birth may not be possible.

Identify the Fetal Presentation

1. vertex 2. Sinciput 3. Brown 4. Face

1. Frank breech 2. Full breech 3. Single footing breech

4
A, transverse lie shoulder presentation

Identify Fetal Position

left occipitoposterior

left occipitoanterior

Right occipitoposterior
Right occipitoanterior

Fetal Station: indicate the fetal station

5
ischial spine = station 0

Cardinal movements make your own mnemonics

1. Descend -duck
2. Flexion – foil
3. Internal Rotation – inc
4. Extension – extreme
5. External Rotation - exit
6. Expulsion – excite

Labor and Contraction


False Contraction True Contraction
Begin and remain irregular Begin irregularly but become
regular_ and predictable
Felt first abdominally and _ remain Felt first in lower back and _ sweep
confined to the abdomen and groin around to the abdomen in a wave
Often disappear_ with continue no matter what the
ambulation or sleep woman’s level of activity
do not _ increase in duration, increase in duration,
frequency, or intensity frequency, and intensity
do not achieve cervical dilatation achieve _ _ cervical dilatation

6
Define:
1. Duration – from beginning of one contraction to the end of the same
contraction
2. Frequency – from beginning of one contraction to the beginning of another
contraction
3. Interval – resting time between contraction allows for placenta perfusion
4. Cervical Effacement – the gradual thinning, shortening and drawing up of
the cervix measured in percentage from 0 to 100%
5. Cervical Dilation – the gradual opening of the cervix measured in
centimeters from 0 to 10cms

Differentiate:
1. Early deceleration - Early decelerations begin before the peak of the
contraction. Early decelerations can happen when the baby’s head is
compressed.
2. Late deceleration Late decelerations don’t begin until the peak of a
contraction or after the uterine contraction is finished. They’re smooth, shallow
dips in heart rate that mirror the shape of the contraction that’s causing them.
3. Variable deceleration - Variable decelerations are irregular, often jagged dips
in the fetal heart rate that look more dramatic than late decelerations.

7
By: Melody D De la Paz, RN, RM, MSN

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