SAFE DRIVING VEHICLE

*VINAY PATIL, #PRATIBHA DESHMUKH

*[email protected], #[email protected]

(*Student / Research Scholar, #Associate Professor)

Bharati Vidyapeeth’s Institute of Management and Information Technology, Navi

Mumbai, India

***NOTE :

I. Abstract
As vehicle manufacturers continue to increase their emphasis on safety with
advanced driver-assistance systems (ADASs), we propose a device that is not only
already in abundance but portable enough as well to be one of the most effective
multipurpose devices that are able to analyze and advise on safety conditions.
Mobile Smartphone’s today are equipped with numerous sensors that can help to
aid in safety enhancements for drivers on the road. In this paper, we use the three-
axis accelerometer of an Android-based Smartphone to record and analyze various
driver behaviours and external road conditions that could potentially be hazardous
to the health of the driver, the neighbouring public, and the automobile. Effective
use of these data can educate a potentially dangerous driver on how to safely and
efficiently operate a vehicle. With real-time analysis and auditory alerts of these
factors, we can increase a driver's overall awareness to maximize safety.

II. Literature Review on topic

In the fast-paced society of today, we are focused on arriving at our destination as quickly as
possible. However, with this lifestyle, we are not always aware of all the dangerous conditions that
are experienced while operating an automobile. Factors such as sudden vehicle manoeuvres and
hazardous road conditions, which often contribute to accidents, are not always apparent to the
person behind the wheel. In recent years, there has been tremendous growth in smartphones
embedded with numerous sensors such as accelerometers, Global Positioning Systems (GPSs),
magnetometers, multiple microphones, and even cameras. The scope of sensor networks has
expanded into many application domains such as intelligent transportation systems that can provide
users with new functionalities previously unheard of Experimental automobiles in the past have
included certain sensors to record data preceding test crashes.
III. Objectives
1. To study the system of self-driving vehicles

Various self-driving technologies have been developed by Google, Uber,

Tesla, Nissan, and other major automakers, researchers, and technology
companies. While design details vary, most self-driving systems create
and maintain an internal map of their surroundings, based on a wide
array of sensors, like radar. Uber ‘s self-driving prototypes use sixty-four
laser beams, along with other sensors, to construct their internal
map; Google’s prototypes have, at various stages, used lasers, radar,
high-powered cameras, and sonar. The costs and benefits of self-driving
cars are still largely hypothetical. More information is needed to fully
assess how they’ll impact drivers, the economy, equity, and
environmental and public health.

2. Identify the potential advantages of self-driving vehicles

The development of self-driving cars has progressed at an unanticipated

pace. Ironically, the driver or the driver-vehicle interaction is a largely
neglected factor in the development of enabling technologies for
autonomous vehicles.  One of the main purposes of autonomous vehicles
is to enhance driver safety and convenience. For autonomous driving,
preventive safety and accident avoidance technologies like sensors using
smart phones are absolutely required, complying with the existing safety
regulations.

3 Suggest the model for self-driving vehicles

Recently, Audi, BMW, Ford, Google, General Motors, Tesla, Volkswagen

and Volvo. Toyota Prii and an Audi TT are best suggestion for self-driving

4 Advantages of self-driving vehicles

 Advantages of self-driving vehicles will greatly improve Traffic and fuel efficiency.
 Self-driving cars will make driving more efficient on all fronts.
 Self-driving cars are projected to reduce traffic deaths by 90%, saving much lives a
year
 The decreasing number of accidents could reduce congestion, because up to 25% of
congestion is caused by traffic incidents
 The reduction in congestion will most likely result in a reduction of CO2 emissions as
well. Since software will drive the car, the modern vehicle can now be programmed
to reduce emissions to the maximum extent possible. The transition to the new-age
cars is expected to contribute to a 60% fall in emissions
 self-driving will also increase lane capacity.
  in self-driving AV technology can improve fuel economy, improving it by 4–10
percent by accelerating and decelerating more smoothly than a human driver

5 Model for self-driving vehicles

Experts have defined five levels in the evolution of autonomous driving. Each level
describes the extent to which a car takes over tasks and responsibilities from its
driver, and how the car and driver interact. Here we explain the five levels of vehicle
automation.

The levels 0 to 5 are defined according to their relative extent of automation. Level 0, “No
Automation”, is where the driver controls the car without any support from a driver
assistance system.

The tables turn, however, in level 5, where it’s the car that can drive without any human
interaction. Level 3 “Highly Automated Driving”, level 4 “Fully Automated Driving” and level
5 “Full Automation” are still in the testing phase. The driver assistance systems of level 1 are
very common today, and used in all current BMW models.

Some cars even offer steering and lane-keeping assistance, as well as remote-controlled
parking – all systems defined as level 2 “Partly Automated Driving (PAD)”. A good example is
BMW’s “Personal Co-pilot”, an industry-leading driver assistance system.

6 Conclusion
Using a mobile smartphone, some innovative applications that are integrated inside an
automobile to evaluate a vehicle’s condition, such as gear shifts and overall road conditions,
including bumps, potholes, rough road, uneven road, and smooth road. Along with these
findings, an analysis of a driver behaviour for safe and sudden manoeuvres, such as vehicle
accelerations and lane changes, has been identified, which can advise drivers who are
unaware of the risks they are potentially creating for themselves and neighbouring vehicles..
Being fuelled by demand, future advancements in embedded hardware will yield the
smartphone and its sensors to be more powerful devices in terms of processing, sensitivity,
and accuracy, paving the way for many more innovative applications. Unlocking its potential
in intelligent transportation systems seems only logical as there are conceivably numerous
of applications that can help reduce safety concerns on the road.

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