The main issue in this paper is COVID-19 pandemic effect on different aspects.

COVID-19 is a
new kind of virus that was just discovered in December 2019. It is abbreviation comes from
COrona VIrus Disease-2019, and because of this newly found virus the world is experiencing a
pandemic situation this means the virus is spreading throughout the world. What made this virus
dangerous is this virus spreads from human to human, and the symptoms of this virus is very
similar to influenza. If the patient didn’t get any rapid test for COVID-19 they didn’t know that
they get infected by COVID-19 virus, and a lot of people still underestimated this pandemic by
not using proper face mask or even not using face mask at all when doing outside activities, and
what made this virus more dangerous is the cure has not been found yet. This pandemic caused a
lot of effect on different aspects for example on business, economics, even the Indigenous people
got affected. The Indigenous people got affected because Indigenous people earn a living by
selling their cultural merchandise as a tourist destination. When they can’t sell their cultural
merchandise, Indigenous people don’t have any income and must survive with their savings. And
besides that not all Indigenous people get the newest information about COVID-19, because
sometimes the location where Indigenous people live far from urban areas and their technology
equipment is not so good.

The health of the Indigenous people is very worrying in a time of a pandemic like this because
there are a lot of factors that increase the death rates caused by COVID-19 in Indigenous
communities include malnutrition, lack of clean water, difficult access to hospital, and
environment that tends to be dirty. Government must control this pandemic so every community
has health equity; health equity is important in this situation. For example, China made health as
their top priority in this pandemic. In Brazil, during the COVID-19 outbreak, domestic workers
were contaminated by tourists that came from Europe, that’s why travelling between countries in
this pandemic was being prohibited. In Thailand, Thailand Ministry of Public Health gives and
receives donations of surgical mask and other protective equipment for frontline health care
workers. From example above it shows different efforts to protect their communities from
COVID-19. Different with COVID-19 effect on Black communities in Utah, USA. Rashad
discussed the effect that Black communities had in the COVID-19 pandemic situation, and with
the existing white supremacy in the USA, this racial act to Black communities leads to
unemployment. Black people that were unemployed don't have any income to purchase their
daily needs, they also don’t have enough money to buy themselves a surgical face mask or
medicine that leads to health disparities.

A survey in 1927 claimed that in 1918 Influenza virus began to spread globally, and it reported
that Influenza pandemic caused the death of 21.6 million people. But it claimed that the victim of
Influenza virus was more than 21.6 million as the information that gathered at the time of the
pandemic was incomplete. Influenza began to enter Africa in July 1918, and Africa got
distinguished by being labelled as an unhealthy place by the colonial government. Indigenous
people in Africa were gold mining workers, Influenza virus in Africa got distinguished in some
regions in terms of the response that they got and the spread of the virus. This discrimination
started by the colonial that saw Africa as an unhealthy continent, for example Indigenous people
have various kinds of disease such as blackwater fever, malaria, and other kinds of. In July 1918
Influenza virus started entering South Africa from Cape Town and Durban and the colonial was
gold mining in Africa with the Influenza virus that colonial brought from Europe, it makes
African workers have worse health than colonial death. Due to bad health immunity, the death
rate of African workers is higher than white people in Africa. Therefore, based on what
happened in Africa, traveling between countries can make the spreading of viruses become faster
and places that had various diseases before will be more dangerous if it is infected with a new
virus, which has not found the cure. Consequently, Indigenous people can’t show their culture to
tourists and Indigenous people cannot hold any traditional ceremonies.

In these situations, not only business and economics are affected by COVID-19 pandemic,
Indigenous people also get affected. Indigenous people suffer from money as they use to sell
their cultural goods to tourists for main income but with this pandemic Indigenous people don’t
want tourists to come in and bring COVID-19 to their community. This will affect Aboriginal
people’s income as they usually sell their tribal goods for example boomerangs, as this business
activity may be their only source of income. In the global business environment, Indigenous
people support their family by using their skills for their ability to generate income and economic
sufficiency. Managing the business environment is the company responsibility and a business
opportunity as well, but it needs the growing awareness of many of the issues to be translated
into management action. Intercultural business is a business relationship established by people
from different cultures. If the firm can manage the business environment it will be the company
opportunity to gain profit. As the international company can understand their market, therefore
the company can understand the demand and fulfill it. 

Indigenous people in Russian Northern Regions feel wronged by how the oil and gas companies
took their resources that caused decrease in reindeer farming areas as Indigenous people use
haunting as a tool for them to survive river pollution that was caused by the oil plant waste.
Therefore, Indigenous people saw the oil companies as outsiders who invaded their territory and
will leave when the source of the oil is exhausted. And the oil companies also had tight budgets
for development of necessary infrastructures and the business activity that the factories did also
caused negative impact to Indigenous people. The solution for both problems is to balance the
Indigenous people and oil companies’ interest. This merger started in the 1990 under Social
License to Operate (SLO). SLO is informal consent of the local Indigenous people about the
company’s extraction of the resources. And this action will lead to benefiting both parties,
Indigenous people will have a clean river and the animal migration slowly passes through their
area. Not only that, Indigenous people will get profit sharing from the company in the form of
taxes, construction of social building, creating employment opportunities for Indigenous people,
and charitable giving from the company.

Cameco has been working with Canadian Aboriginal peoples from northern Saskatchewan, for
25 years. The main objective of Cameco is to help Aboriginal people to get employment and
education, with this help to Aboriginal people Cameco hopes to grow their business in that area
and investment in their Aboriginal community that will continue to deliver benefits to Cameco
even after the mineral resources are dried. Cameco helps the Aboriginal people with employment
because for the Indigenous people employment is the best social and economic opportunity from
the factory, and Cameco always hires local residents there whenever the opportunity arises.
Saskatchewan people are very enthusiastic with the job opportunity as the job is their best
opportunity to gain income, Cameco paid a salary of $56.000 per year including side bonus. For
their future investment, Cameco was investing in support of Saskatchewan public and post-
secondary education. In 1999, Cameco invested more than a million dollars in local kids'
education such as training, scholarships, education awards, and summer student employment
programs. This investment was for all Aboriginal children to get an education, and consider a
future career in Cameco.
Indigenous tourism is an example of an indigenous business, this business activity also has an
effect that can affect the economy and community. For example, tourism can help the Indigenous
people economics by purchasing their arts and craft which can be the Indigenous community
income. With the Indigenous tourism it will make a new employment opportunity for Indigenous
people, as Indigenous workers can tell the story behind every goods that has connection with
their tribe. With tourism the culture of the Indigenous communities will be better known by the
public, as the tourist may take a photo and upload it on social media platforms or buy souvenirs.
Indigenous tourism is accessible to individuals and groups of tourists, but for Indigenous peoples
to make it a tourism destination needs limited capital and skills. Furthermore, Indigenous tourism
is capable of reviving local economies, and respecting cultural heritage. But in these modern
days Indigenous tourism was overlooked, one of the reasons that caused this overlooked was
racism, for example there is a lot of case of local non-Indigenous community reject the
establishing of Indigenous cultural tourism centre, and there are a lot of negative comment about
Indigenous people such as ‘will they be on time?’; ‘Will they be sober?’; Are they hygienic?’;
‘Can they be relied on?’

Economic discrepancies or economic inequality is the unequal distribution of income between

different groups of people. Therefore, this inequality often makes people trapped in poverty, but
being born poor does not make people always poor. One of the reasons why there are economic
discrepancies is inequality in income. Aboriginal people had a lower employment rate as
Aboriginal people are not appreciated in Australian labour market. Aboriginal people have lower
earnings than non-Aboriginal people, and Aboriginal people are usually employed in rough work
such as construction work, dead-end jobs, and their career has no structure.

According to Sen (1997), Economic Discrepancy evolves from Income Inequality, which is
caused by personal heterogeneities, environmental diversities, variations in social climate,
differences in relational perspectives, and distribution within the family. Variations in social
climate is concerned with the needs of public facilities within a group of people, in this case the
Indigenous community. The public facilities may include education, health care, and absence of
crime surrounding the community, which is hard to access for Indigenous peoples. With an on-
going pandemic, it is even harder for Indigenous peoples to access these facilities and therefore
facing the decrease of possibility to do activities, and receiving income is also held back.
After World War II, productivity in the US increased by 85%, and average hourly wages
decreased by 13%. While average workers lost ground, CEOs receive higher pay which is 35
times of an average worker’s pay. This example shows that economic discrepancy happened way
back then.

During the 1998 Asian economic crisis, Indonesian economy was decreasing and many
Indonesians fell into poverty because of this, and the economic discrepancies began in Indonesia.
These economic discrepancies are very clearly visible between business owners and non-
business owners. In 2013 BPS, explained that the level of economic discrepancies in Indonesia
has been decreasing. Nonetheless, the possibility of economic discrepancies increasing in the
near future still exists due to COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 is not only a health crisis it is
also an economic crisis that impacts economic discrepancies in the future

The conclusions in this report are Indigenous people having hard time to survive as the racial still
imply in today's society. And one of the factors that can help them in this emergency situation is
help from companies that work in their area like what Cameco did to the Northern Saskatchewan
Indigenous people. Cameco invests not only for their factory in the Northern Saskatchewan area
but they invest in the Northern Saskatchewan local Indigenous people as well.