International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)

Volume 4 Issue 5, July-August 2020 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470

Thermal Analysis of Engine Block

Nikhil Mishra, Priyank Srivastava, Gaurav Srivastava, Amit Dhar Dubey
B. Tech Student, Mechanical Engineering, ABES Engineering College, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT How to cite this paper: Nikhil Mishra |

Several automobile industries are working on it to maintain a proper Priyank Srivastava | Gaurav Srivastava |
temperature for increasing the efficiency and also to prevent the engine Amit Dhar Dubey "Thermal Analysis of
from thermal damage. So it become important to analyse fins structure for Engine Block" Published in International
better heat transfer rate. High temperature on the surface of engine block Journal of Trend in
effect the efficiency of engine. Increasing number of fins is not only the Scientific Research
criteria to increase the heat dissipation from the surface of fins. Generally, and Development
rectangular fins are used in motor bike engine, although the temperature at (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-
the surface is in safe limit. By introducing new geometry of fin & if the 6470, Volume-4 |
minimum temperature of new geometry is less than or near about the Issue-5, August
minimum temperature of rectangular fin is not only help in increasing the 2020, pp.1219- IJTSRD33089
efficiency of engine block but also it may help in reducing the weight of 1224, URL:
engine block. Convective heat transfer is the mechanism of heat transfer www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33089.pdf
and it depends on convective heat transfer coefficient and Contact surface
area with air. Fins are surfaces that extend from an object to increase the Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and
rate of heat transfer to or from the environment by increasing convection. International Journal of Trend in
And the analysis is done by numerical method and on Solid Works Scientific Research and Development
software. Journal. This is an Open Access article
distributed under
KEYWORDS: Fins, heat transfer, heat convection the terms of the
Creative Commons
Attribution License (CC BY 4.0)
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/
by/4.0)
INTRODUCTION
Motorcycle engine are typically 2 strokes or 4 stroke So, this high temperature of engine block needs to be
internal combustion engines. Engine cooling is done by lower down to the safe limit (approximately 150℃-200℃).
following ways- Liquid
We must consider two parameters while designing the
A. Liquid- cooled motorcycle have a radiator similar to fins,
the radiator in car. Coolant is constantly circulated A. Over heating: due to friction & combustion of fuel
between the radiator & the cylinder when the engine increases the temperature inside cylinder, if inside
is running. temperature is not reduced to safe limit then they
B. Oil- in this cooling system, oil is circulated between damage different parts of engine.
engine case & a small radiator. B. Under cooling-If the temperature inside the engine
C. Air- in this system moving air is used to cool the block is lower from the required limit then it
engine. The cylinder on air cooled bikes are designed decreases the engine efficiency & reduces the engine's
with fin heat sinks to aid in this process air cooled service life.
bike are cheaper, simple and lighter than liquid & oil
cooled bike. So, both the condition is harmful for engine block. While
designing the model we must try to lower down the
Engine cooling in motor bike engine through fins is very temperature to the safe limit so that both the condition i.e.
important because of the following reasons: overheating and overcooling don't arise.We all very well
 Combustion of fuel takes place inside engine cylinder known about the fins they are the extended surface which
& generates hot gases whose temperature ranges are used to cool various structure via the process of
from 2300℃ - 2500℃. convection. Heat transfer by fins is basically limited by the
 It results in burning of lubricating oil film between design of the system but still it may be enhanced by
parts, which leads towards seizing or welding moving modifying certain parameters of the fins.
parts.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Heat generated in internal combustion engine dissipates [1] In this paper analysis of fin is done to increase the
in the following ways: heat transfer rate and CFD have shown improvement in fin
A. Approximately 30% of generated heat is utilizing in efficiency by changing fin geometry, fin pitch, number of
producing brake power. fins, fin material and climate condition and the Design of
B. 30-35% of generated heat removed by cooling system. different geometrical shape of Fins was in CATIA and
C. Exhaust gases carried away remaining heat. Analysis done by the ANSYS software and generally for
mashing purpose software like Hyper Mesh is used. The

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
analysis is done on Model of Bajaj discover. They had different parameters like number of fins, and fins heights
considered airflow velocities from 10km/hr to 40km/hr, with wide range of Reynolds number (5-200). This study
and at air temperatures at 30ºC, the temperature at the shows that permeable fins offered much higher Nusselt
inner surface is assumed constant at 250ºC to account for number than the solid fins under the similar operating
heat generated due to combustion inside the engine and condition. Permeable fins resulted in much larger
three shapes of fins. aerodynamic and thermals wakes which significantly
reduced the effectiveness of the downstream fins,
[2] In this paper natural convection heat transfer from especially at ɵ<90°. A single long permeable fin tended to
solid and permeable fins are investigated by experimental offer the best convection heat transfer from a cylinder.
analysis. Fins are formed permeable by modifying the This has great practical implications in terms of weight
solid rectangular fins by drilling three holes per fins in line and cost of fins needed to achieve a certain level of heat
at one half lengths of the fins of two-wheeler cylinder transfer enhancement.
block. Engine cylinder blocks having fins were tested for
different inputs like 75W, 60W, 45W, 30W and 15W. [5] The simulation of heat transfer of motorcycle fin
under varying climatic condition such as velocity of
They had derived following observations from their vehicle, fin geometry and the ambient temperature.
experimental works: Increasing the environment, increasing the convection
 Its temperature profile shows that the base heat transfer coefficient, or increasing the surface area of
temperatures of solid fins are more elevated as the object increases the heat transfer. CFD analysis was
compared to permeable fins. Furthermore, the tip used to simulate the heat transfer of the engine block.
temperatures of solid fins are more in temperature as CATIA and ANSYS software was used for solid modelling.
compared to permeable fins. resulting in more heat Two engine block model was selected to make the
transfer rate in permeable fins as compared to the comparison of heat transfer rate and it was depending on
solid fins. engine no. of fin, fin pitch & wind velocity.
 The average heat transfer coefficient and the ratio of
heat transfer coefficient of the cylinder with It was found that if the cooling rate decreases, it results in
permeable fins to the cylinder with solid fins have overheating leading to seizure of the engine & an increase
been increased by significance value. in cooling rate affects the starting of the engine and
 There is a reduction in area resulting in less material reduces efficiency. Dependence of heat transfer coefficient
cost of about 10-30%. on wind velocity:

[3] In this paper analysis of heat transfer rate are done [6] in this paper heat transfer from cylinder to air of two
which depends upon velocity of vehicle, fin geometry and stroke internal combustion finned engine has been
the ambient temperature. They also carried out simulated. For this purpose, a 2D model has been done.
modification of the existing shape without changing Starting from the geometry of a real engine, annular
material and area of fin to increase heat transfer rate to cylindrical and spherical symmetric walls to fins has been
cool the engine easily and increase the thermal efficiency used to obtain an equivalent simplified geometry, where
because excess temperature developed in the engine the heat transfer rate is the same as that in the real engine.
causes thermal stresses on the engine parts and piston The cylinder body, cylinder head (both provided with
sizing. This paper discussed about the heat transfer of fins), and piston have been numerically analysed and
different fin geometry under different forced convection optimized in order to minimize engine dimensions. The
conditions, different fin geometries are modelled in CATIA maximum temperature admissible at the hottest point of
V5 software and CFD analysis was used to simulate the the engine has been adopted as the limiting condition.
heat transfer of the engine block. They had taken From the simulation they have concluded that a total
dimensions of the cylinders along with fins from other reduction of 20.15% has been achieved by reducing the
literature. They assumed air as incompressible fluid, total engine diameter D from 90.62 mm to 75.22 mm and
ambient temperature and pressure as 298K and 101325 by increasing the total height H from 125.72 mm to 146.47
Pa respectively, initialization of base temperature from mm aspect ratio varies from 1.39 to 1.95. In parallel with
373K and three shapes i.e. Wavy, Zig-Zag and Rectangular. the total volume reduction, a slight increase in engine
efficiency has been achieved.
They had found that:
A. At lower velocities, flat fin has higher heat transfer [7] in this paper heat transfer rate depends upon the
rate and heat transfer coefficient. And if increases, velocity of the vehicle, fin geometry and ambient
then zig zag have higher heat transfer rate followed by temperature. An attempt was made to simulate the heat
wavy and then flat fins. transfer using CFD analysis. The heat transfer surface
B. Zig zag and wavy fin preferred over conventional fins modelled in GAMBIT and simulated in FLUENT software.
for higher speed vehicles as it induces greater They considered the air flow velocities around the finned
turbulence and thus greater heat transfer rate. cylinder from 20 km/hr to 72km/hr and temperature
ranges from -10ºC to 30ºC. An expression of average fin
[4] numerically investigated problem of cross flow forced surface heat transfer coefficient in terms of wind velocity
convection heat transfer from a horizontal cylinder with is obtained. A mathematical relation of the average surface
multiple, equally spaced, high conductivity permeable fins heat transfer coefficient in terms of wind velocity was
on its outer surface. The heat transfer characteristics of formulated by using the empirical relation:
cylinder with permeable and solid fins were studied with h=5.108u0.683.

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
They had found that: For our problem there were two solutions:
 When the ambient temperature reduces to a very low A. increase-convective heat transfer coefficient
value, it results in overcooling and poor efficiency of B. increase-surface area available for heat transfer
the engine overcooling affects the engine efficiency
because of overcooling excess fuel consumption We approached to increase the surface area for which fins
occurs. This necessitates the need for reducing air are used (as it is not practical to increase the convective
velocity striking the engine surface to reduce the fuel heat transfer coefficient. For increasing convective heat
consumption. It can be done placing a diffuser in front transfer coefficient we had to use fan blower that made
of the engine which will reduce the relative velocity of system bulky and uneconomical)
the air stream thus decreasing the heat loss.
 The temperature and heat transfer coefficient values After this we performed modelling simulation on
from fin base to tip are not uniform which shows the SOLIDWORKS by varying the geometry and area of fins.
major advantage of CFD for analysis of heat transfer. We also made hole in modelling fin to increase the heat
transfer.
OBJECTIVE
Objective of project is to study new geometry of fins by To verify our modelling on SOLIDWORKS we approached
changing different parameter like wind velocity or speed to numerical solution of our project problem.
of vehicle, drilling holes, changing length, width, height
and number of fins. For Rectangular fins we solved by theoretically.

Generally Rectangular fins are used in motor bike engine As in our problem fin thickness is very small we assumed
so we try to modify it’s geometry and study it by changing one dimensional heat transfer.
different parameters in such a way that it does not
undergoes under cooling and overheating condition. Here L= length of fin

And also try to reduce it’s weight by drilling holes which We take an elementary section of length dx at distance x
not only helps in weight reduction but also in reducing the from the base.
cost of material handling and material requirement. But
drilling holes in fins in such a way that it does not lower Ac- Cross-sectional Area
down it’s strength and Factor of Safety (FOS). p- Perimeter

METHODOLOGY Here the energy balance on this volume element can be

Numerical method: expressed as-
From introduction and literature review after (𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑓ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑋)
understanding the problem of project i.e. increasing heat =(𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑓ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑡(𝑋+𝐷𝑋)0+
transfer that mainly occur due to convection mechanism (𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑜𝑓ℎ𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡)
in bike engine follows the Newton's cooling law. According
to law heat transfer depend on convective heat transfer By solving the energy balance equation the heat transfers
coefficient and surface area. equation:
Q=h A ∆T = h A (T-Ts)
d2 T 𝑝ℎ
h=convective heat transfer coefficient − (T − Ts ) = 0
dx 2 𝑎𝑘
A= surface area available for heat transfer
T= temperature anywhere the length of fin After solving this equation:- let it be equation (1),
Ts= temperature of surroundings (𝑇−𝑇s) = (𝑇b−𝑇s)

∗𝑘𝑚 cosh m (𝐿−𝑥) + ℎ (sinh m (𝐿−𝑥))

𝑘𝑚 cosh (𝑚𝐿) + ℎ sinh (𝑚𝐿)

We get above temperature distribution formula; by

inputing parameter we get the temperature distribution
along the length. After which we compared this value by
SOLIDWORKS and C programming.

𝑝ℎ
𝑚= √
𝑎𝑘

Heat transfer coefficient,

ℎ=5.108 ∗ 𝑢0.643 =60𝑊/𝑚2𝐾
(u=45m/hr)
𝑝=2(𝑤+𝑡)
𝑝=0.04𝑚
𝐴=𝑤∗𝑡=0.01∗0.01=10-4X𝑚2

Figure 1: Rectangular fin Putting all in equation (1) we get,

@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD33089 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 5 | July-August 2020 Page 1221
 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
𝑝ℎ
𝑚= √
𝑎𝑘
0.04∗60
= √
0.0001∗210

𝑚=10.69

Now calculating temperature difference between base and

ambient temperature:
𝜃𝑏 = 𝑇𝑏 − 𝑇𝑠
=533−300 Figure 3: Meshing of model
=233𝐾

0.01
𝐿𝑐 = 0.15 + ( ) = 0.155𝑚
2

From equation (1),

𝑇−300
𝑇=383𝐾

𝜽 X
232.99 0
83 150
99.95 100
145.92 50
Table 1: Temperature distribution Figure 4: Temperature distribution in model
ANALYSIS OF TRIANGULAR FINS:
Now finding heat dissipation from fin,
𝑄(𝑓𝑖𝑛) = √ℎ𝑝𝑘𝑎 ∗ tanh(𝑚𝐿𝑐 ) 𝜃𝑏
= √60 ∗ 0.04 ∗ 210 ∗ 0.0001 ∗ 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ (10.69.0.155) ∗ 233
= 48.63J

ANALYSIS BY SOLIDWORKS SOFTWARE:

Analysis of rectangular, triangular and triangular with
holes, models in Solid works for more precise and accurate
result.

Fins Dimensions (in mm) Figure 5: Model

Rectangular Fins L=150, w=150, h=10
Triangular Fins L=160, w=160, h=10
Triangular with holes L=160, w=160, h=10, D=10
Table 2: Dimension of different fins

INPUT PARAMETER:
Internal temperature: 260℃
Ambient temperature: 27℃
Convection coefficient: 60 W/Wm2K

ANALYSIS OF RECTANGULAR FINS:

Figure 6: Meshing

Figure 2: Design of rectangular fins

Figure 7: Temperature distribution

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 International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
ANALYSIS OF TRIANGULAR FINS WITH HOLE: 1. Rectangular fins are used in every motor bike engine,
we try to modified it is geometry & lower down it is
weight by drilling holes in fins. From Table ......, we
conclude that the minimum temperature of both fins
(Rectangular and Triangular with holes) having a
difference of approximately 10-15℃ but on further drilling
some holes in model it reduces it is Factor of Safety by 2-3
which reduces it is strength.

2. Minimum temperature of rectangular fin in both

numerical & analytical approach having a difference of
approximately 10-15℃.
Figure 8: Model
3. Heat dissipation from fin is depend upon various
factors other than geometry such as Ambient
Temperature, speed of bike or air, No. of fins, length, width
& height so, with the help of C-PROGRAMING we can easily
calculate Temperature at surface of fin, heat dissipation
from fins by simply varying these factors.

CONCLUSION
From result of Thermal Analysis of Rectangular fins,
Triangular fins & Triangular fins with holes, following
conclusion are made which are given below:
1. The minimum temperature of triangular fins is higher
than the minimum temperature of rectangular fins,
Figure 9: Meshing
which fails our objective that the minimum
temperature of triangular fins is almost or lower than
the temperature of rectangular fins.
2. The minimum temperature of triangular fins with
holes is near about or a difference of about
approximately 10℃ from the minimum temperature
of rectangular fins.
3. Ascending order of heat dissipation from fins from
different geometry is given as: Triangular fins <
Triangular fins with holes < Rectangular fins
4. The model is not under overheating & under cooling
condition i.e. it is in from result of Thermal Analysis of
Rectangular fins, Triangular fins & Triangular fins
with holes.
Figure 10: Temperature distribution REFERENCES
[1] Mohsin A. Ali and Prof. (Dr.) S.M Kherde, “Design
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