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Fluid Mechanics Lab

The document discusses guidelines for cleanliness, safety, and proper documentation of experiments in a Fluid Mechanics Laboratory. Equipment must be kept clean to avoid damage, spills must be cleaned after use, and formal reports are required for each experiment following a specific format to allow others to replicate the work. Proper organization and safety procedures are emphasized to maintain a positive learning environment.

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Vijaya Gosu
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
178 views

Fluid Mechanics Lab

The document discusses guidelines for cleanliness, safety, and proper documentation of experiments in a Fluid Mechanics Laboratory. Equipment must be kept clean to avoid damage, spills must be cleaned after use, and formal reports are required for each experiment following a specific format to allow others to replicate the work. Proper organization and safety procedures are emphasized to maintain a positive learning environment.

Uploaded by

Vijaya Gosu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CLEANLINESS AND SAFETY

There are housekeeping rules that the user of the laboratory should be aware of and abide by.
Equipment in the laboratory is delicate and it is important that it stays clean and dust does not
accumulate within. The Fluid Mechanics Laboratory contains equipment that uses water or air as
the working fluid. In some cases, performing an experiment will inevitably allow water to get on
the equipment and/or the floor. If no one cleans up the working area after performing an
experiment, the laboratory would not be a comfortable or safe place to work in. No student
appreciates walking up to and working with a piece of equipment that another student or group
of students has left in a mess. Consequently, students are required to clean up their area at the
conclusion of the performance of an experiment. Cleanup will include removal of spilled water
(or any liquid), and wiping the table top on which the equipment is mounted. The laboratory

should always be as clean as, or cleaner than it was when you entered. Cleaning the lab is your
responsibility as a user of the equipment. This is an act of courtesy that students who follow you
will appreciate, and that you will also appreciate when you work with the equipment.
It is important to note that modern instruments are electronic devices and may involve
optics, that as a rule, demands absolute cleanliness.

The layout of the equipment and storage cabinets in the Fluid Mechanics Laboratory
involves resolving a variety of conflicting requirements. The goal is to implement safety
requirements without impeding progress, but still allowing adequate workspace and necessary
informal communication opportunities. Distance between adjacent pieces of equipment is
determined by the need to allow enough apace around the apparatus of interest. Every effort has
been made to create a positive, clean, safety conscious atmosphere. Students are encouraged to
handle equipment safely and to be aware of, and avoid being victims of hazardous situations.

NO BAGS ALLOWED IN THE LAB PREMISES!


REPORT WRITING

All experiments in the Fluid Mechanics Laboratory require a formal report. The
report should be written in such a way that anyone could replicate the performed
experiment and obtain similar results. The reports should be simple and clearly written.
Reports are due at the beginning of the every new laboratory turn. The report should
communicate important ideas to the reader.

(1) The report should be neatly done. The experimenter is in effect trying to
convince the reader that the experiment was performed in a straightforward manner with
great care and with full attention to detail. A poorly written report might lead the reader
to think that the experiment was carelessly performed.

(2) The report should be well organized. The reader should be able to easily
follow each step discussed in the text.

(3) The report should contain accurate analysis. This will require checking and
rechecking the calculations until necessary confidence is gained. (4) The report should be
free of spelling and grammatical errors.

FORMAT OF REPORTS

Title Page – The title page should show the title and number of the experiment,
date when the experiment was performed, names of students who participated in the
experiment.

Table of Contents – Each page of the report must be numbered for this purpose.

Objectives – The objective is a clear concise statement explaining the purpose of the
experiment. This is one of the most important parts of the laboratory report because
everything included in the report must somehow relate to the stated objective. The
objective can be as short as one sentence and it is usually written in the past tense.

Theory – The theory section should contain a complete analytical development of all
important equations pertinent to the experiment, and how these equations are used in the
reduction of data. It should be written in text-book style.

Procedure – The procedure section will contain a schematic drawing of the


experimental setup including all equipment used, their specification, and the
manufacturer. Show the function of each part when necessary, for improving clarity.
Describe how the experiment was performed in as much detail as necessary, with a view
that somebody else can repeat the steps involved.
Results – The results section should contain a formal analysis of the data with tables and
graphs. The quality of plots should add to clarity in describing the outcome of the
experiment.

Discussion and Conclusions – This section should give an interpretation of the results
explaining how the objective of the experiment was fulfilled. If any analytical/empirical
expression is to be verified, calculate the % error and account for it. Discuss this
experiment with respect to its faults as well as its strong points. Suggest extensions of the
experiment and improvements. Also recommend any changes necessary to better
accomplish the objective. Each experiment contains a number of questions. These are to
be answered or discussed in the Discussion and Conclusions section.

Appendix

(1) Original date sheet (Get your data sheet signed by the instructor at the end of each
experiment).

(2) Show how data were used by a sample calculation.

(3) Calibration curves of instrument, which was used in the performance of the
experiment. Include manufacturer of the instrument, model and serial numbers. The
instructor will usually supply calibration curves. Alternatively, calibration may be a part
of the experiment.

(4) Bibliography listing all references used.

Short Report Format Often the experiment requires not a formal report but an informal
report. An informal report includes the Title Page, Objective, Procedure, Results and
Conclusions.

Graphs

In many instances, it is necessary to compose a plot in order to graphically present


results. Graphs must be drawn neatly following a specific format. There are many
computer software packages that have graphing capabilities. Nevertheless an acceptably
drawn graph has several features of note as listed below.

 Border is drawn around the entire graph.

 Axis labels defined with symbols and units.

 Grid drawn using major axis divisions.

 Each trend is identified using a legend.


 Data points are identified with symbols.

 The line representing the theoretical results has no data points represented.

 Nothing is drawn freehand.

 Figure caption is reasonably descriptive.


LIST OF LAB EXPERIMENTS

S.No. Experiments
1 To determine coefficient of discharge for Venturimeter and Orificemeter.
2 To verify the Bernoulli’s theorem.
3 Determination of Reynolds Number of fluid flow.
4 To determine the Darcy's friction factor (f) of the given pipe.
5 To determine the coefficient of discharge of Mouth pieces
6 To determine various minor losses of energy in flow through pipes.
7 To determine the local point pressure with the help of Pitot tube.

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