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Conditions Imposed On Its Boundaries Heat Flux: Fourier's Law

The document discusses the heat diffusion equation, which describes the temperature distribution in a medium resulting from boundary conditions. It states that the heat diffusion equation equates the rate of thermal energy entering and leaving a control volume to the rate of change of stored thermal energy. The assumptions are that the material is homogeneous, experiences no bulk motion or compression, and considers only thermal energy forms. Sample problems are provided to demonstrate solving the heat diffusion equation.

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AMARTYA MONDAL
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© © All Rights Reserved
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25 views

Conditions Imposed On Its Boundaries Heat Flux: Fourier's Law

The document discusses the heat diffusion equation, which describes the temperature distribution in a medium resulting from boundary conditions. It states that the heat diffusion equation equates the rate of thermal energy entering and leaving a control volume to the rate of change of stored thermal energy. The assumptions are that the material is homogeneous, experiences no bulk motion or compression, and considers only thermal energy forms. Sample problems are provided to demonstrate solving the heat diffusion equation.

Uploaded by

AMARTYA MONDAL
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The Heat Diffusion Equation

Wednesday, August 19, 2020 7:36 AM

A major objective in a conduction analysis is to determine the temperature field in a medium


resulting from conditions imposed on its boundaries.
Once this distribution is known, the conduction heat flux at any point in the medium or on its
surface may be computed from Fourier’s law.
Other important quantities of interest may also be determined.

----> Determination of thermal stresses, expansions, and deflections.

---->Optimization of the thickness of an insulating material or to determine the compatibility of


special coatings or adhesives used with the material.

Control Volume
Assumptions:
1. Material is homogenous
2. No bulk motion (advection)
3. Incompressible
4. Only thermal forms of energy are
being considered

𝑓 (𝑥 ) 𝑓 (𝑥 ) 𝑓 (𝑥 )
𝑓 (𝑛) = 𝑓 (𝑥) + ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯(𝑛 − 𝑥) + ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ (𝑛 − 𝑥) + ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯(𝑛 − 𝑥) … … …
1! 2! 3!

Say 𝑛 = 𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥

𝒇 (𝒙) 𝑓 (𝑥 ) 𝑓 (𝑥 )
𝑓 (𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥) = 𝒇(𝒙) + ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯(𝒅𝒙) + ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ (𝑑𝑥) + ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯(𝑑𝑥) … … …
𝟏! 2! 3!
If there are temperature gradients, conduction heat transfer will occur across each of the
control surfaces

Heat Equation Page 1


Within the medium there may also be an energy source term associated with
the rate of thermal energy generation.

As per thermodynamics, energy can neither be created not be destroyed.


However, it can be transformed from one form to another.
This generation term basically means either heat addition due to work
(electrical) or transformation from some other form (nuclear, chemical).

In addition, there may occur changes in the amount of the internal thermal
energy stored by the material in the control volume.
If the material is not experiencing a change in phase, latent energy effects are
not pertinent, and the energy storage term may be expressed as

First Law of Thermodynamics

Heat Equation Page 2


Heat Diffusion equation states that at any point in the medium the net rate
of energy transfer by conduction into a unit volume plus the volumetric
rate of thermal energy generation must equal the rate of change of
thermal energy stored within the volume.

If thermal conductivity of the medium is a constant,

Heat Equation Page 3


Steady State Conditions

The Heat Diffusion Equation in Cylindrical Coordinates

Assumptions:
𝑬̇𝒊𝒏 + 𝑬̇𝒊𝒏 − 𝑬̇𝒐𝒖𝒕 = 𝑬̇𝒔𝒕 1. Material is homogenous

Heat Equation Page 4


Assumptions:
𝑬̇𝒊𝒏 + 𝑬̇𝒊𝒏 − 𝑬̇𝒐𝒖𝒕 = 𝑬̇𝒔𝒕 1. Material is homogenous
2. No bulk motion (advection)
3. Incompressible
4. Only thermal forms of energy
are being considered

The Heat Diffusion Equation in Spherical Coordinates

Assumptions:
Heat Equation Page 5
Assumptions:
𝑬̇𝒊𝒏 + 𝑬̇𝒊𝒏 − 𝑬̇𝒐𝒖𝒕 = 𝑬̇𝒔𝒕 1. Material is homogenous
2. No bulk motion (advection)
3. Incompressible
4. Only thermal forms of energy are
being considered

Heat Equation Page 6


Sample Problem

Heat Equation Page 7

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