“Introduction to Cosmetic

Science”

Mr. Adeep Kujur

Assistant Professor
Univerity Institute of Pharmacy
Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur,
Chhattisgarh
 Introduction
• The word ‘cosmetics’ arises from a Greek word‘kosmeticos’
which means to adorn.

• The urge to adorn one’s own body and look beautiful has been
an urge in the human race since the tribal days.

• Since that time any material used for beautification or

improvement of appearance is known as cosmetic.

• The cosmetics in general are external preparations and are

meant to be applied to external parts of the body.
 They may be applied to skin, hair and nails for several
purposes, like:-

• Covering
• Coloring
• Softening
• Cleansing
• Nourishing
• Waving
• Setting
• Mollification
• Preservation
• Removal
• Protection
 Classification
1. Cosmetics for Skin
2. Cosmetics for Hair
3. Cosmetics for Nails
4. Cosmetics for Hygiene (Dental, Bathing
etc.)
 Cosmetics for the Skin

1) Powders Compacts
2) Creams
3) Lotions
4) Colourants
 1) Powders Compacts
 Face powders and compacts
 A face powder is basically a cosmetic product which has as its prime function
the ability to complement skin colour by imparting a velvet finish to it.
 They remove oily appearance and give the face a smooth, dry and peach-like
finish.
 A compact face powder is a dry powder which has been compressed into a
cake and is usually applied with a powder puff.

 Body powders
 Body powders are also known as talcum powders or dusting powders. The main
use of body powders is to absorb moisture or perspiration specifically after
bathing particularly in warmer countries.
 They also provide good slip, a cooling effect and efficient lubrication and prevent
irritation of skin due to chafing.
Prickly heat powders
Talcum powders containing antiseptic substances are used for prickly heat and
fungus infections. They provides relief from prickly heat and protects skin from
infections.

They usually applied to the skin, after bathing and before bedtime.

Face pack
 A cosmetic preparation spread over the face and left for some time to cleanse
and improve the condition of the skin.

They dry off easily when applied. They need to be applied with a thin layer. They
include the penetrating elements, and as they don’t require much time, they give
instant results.

Facial packs consist of the pH factor and according to which they are made and
used. They can be home-made. The skin is toned and cleansed by applying the
face pack. It removes the impurities from the skin.
 2) Creams
 Vanishing Creams
 They are called vanishing cream because they seem to disappear when applied and
rubbed into the skin.
 They are an oil-in-water emulsion containing potassium, ammonium, or sodium
stearate with water and holding in emulsified form more or less free stearic acid. It
also contains a hygroscopic ingredient such as glycerol, and a small amount of a
fatty ingredient. It leaves a protective, invisible film of stearic acid on the skin.

 Cold Creams
 Cold cream is an emulsion of water and certain fats, usually including beeswax and
various scent agents, designed to smooth skin and remove makeup.
 The emulsion is of a "water in oil" type. The name "cold cream" derives from the
cooling feeling that the cream leaves on the skin.
 Cold cream is mainly used for skin treatment (such as a facial mask or lip balm), due
to its moisturizing properties. It can also be used to remove makeup and as shaving
cream.
All Purpose Creams
They also known as ‘sports cream’ as they were used by sportsmen in skiing and
outdoor
activities.

They are somewhat oily but non-greasy type and can spread easily on the skin to
give a
protective film.

They can also function, when applied excessively, as a skinfood or nourishing

cream, or night cream or protective cream for prevention or alleviation of
sunburn, or for the treatment of roughened skin areas.

Also, when applied sparingly, they function as hand creams or foundation creams.
Thus they are called as all-purpose creams.
 3) Lotions
 Skin Lotions
 A
 liquid preparation containing insoluble material in suspension or emulsion fo
r  medicinal, cleansing or protective application to the skin.
 They having a soothing, cleansing, or antiseptic action, when applied to the
skin.

 Astringent Lotions
 An astringent lotion is a liquid that makes skin less oily or stops bleeding
from the cuts.
 4) Colourants
 Lipsticks
 Lipstick is a cosmetic product containing pigments, oils, waxes,
and emollients that apply color, texture, and protection to the lips.
 Some lipsticks are also lip balms, to add color and hydration.
 Lipstick contains wax, oils, antioxidants and emollients. Wax provides the
structure to the solid lipstick. Lipsticks may be made from several waxes such
as beeswax, ozokerite and candelilla wax.
 Various oils and fats are used in lipsticks, such as olive oil, mineral oil, cocoa
butter, lanolin, and petrolatum.

 Rouges
 They also called blush or blusher.
 It is a cosmetic  typically used by women to redden the cheeks, so as to provide a
more youthful appearance, and to emphasize the cheekbones.
 Cosmetics for Hair

1) Preparations for hair removal

2) Preparations for dressing and setting of hair
3) Preparations for cleansing
4) Preparation for colouring or upkeep
 1) Preparations for hair removal

 Hair remover
 Depilatories
 They are the preparations used for degradation of the superfluous hair
chemically without affecting the skin.
 They removes the hair at the neck of the hair follicle and thus has advantage
over razor shaver which removes hair on a level with the surface of the
epidermis.

 Epilatories
 Epilation is longer lasting or even can be of permanent nature. This is achieved
by plucking the hair out and removing the root. Hair is removed along with hair
bulbs or sometimes hair papillae.

 Shaving preparations
 2) Preparations for dressing and
setting of hair

 Hair wave preparations

 Hair dressings
 Hair conditioner
 3) Preparations for cleansing

 Shampoos
 Dyes
 Hair lotions
 Dandruff lotions
 4) Preparation for colouring or upkeep

 Eye lash preparations

 Mascaras
 Mascara is a cosmetic commonly used to enhance the eyelashes.
 It may darken, thicken, lengthen, and/or define the eyelashes. Normally in one
of three forms—liquid, cake, or cream.
 The modern mascara product has various formulas; however, most contain the
same basic components of pigments, oils, waxes, and preservatives.
 Eye brow pencils
 Eyebrow Pencils are products that apply color to the eyebrows. They are used
to fill in and define the eyebrows.
 Kohls (eyelid inside)
 A powder, as finely powdered antimony sulfide, used as a cosmetic to
darken the eyelids, eyebrows.
 Cosmetics for Nails

1) Lacquers
 Nail polish (also known as nail varnish or nail enamel) is a lacquer that can be
applied to the human fingernails or toenails to decorate and protect the nail
plates.
 The formulation has been revised repeatedly to enhance its decorative effects
and to suppress cracking or flaking.
 They consists of a film-forming polymer dissolved in a volatile organic solvent.
 Nitrocellulose that is dissolved in butyl acetate or ethyl acetate is common.
2) Lacquer removers
 A solvent used to remove nail polish.
 Normally they contain suitable solvent like acetone, ethyl acetate, amyl acetate,
ethyl butyrate or mixture of them or toluene along with some fatting agents to
compensate the degreasing effect and not to leave the nail brittle.
3) Auxiliary products
 Nail creams
 Cuticle softeners and cuticle removers
 Nail bleaches
 Nail whiteners and nail strengtheners
 Cosmetics for Hygiene

1) Dental preparations
2) Bathing preparations
 1) Dental preparations

 Tooth Powders
 Tooth Pastes (Dentifrices)
 Lotions
 Mouth washes
 2) Bathing preparations

 Soaps
 Bath salts