Topics

• Constructors in Java
• Creating/Instantiating Objects
• Types of Constructors

1 Object-Oriented Programming Using Java

 Role of Constructor Method

• Constructor is a Method of a class having a name similar to

the class itself
• Helps to Create and Initialize the Objects
• If no constructor is defined for the class then a default un-
parameterized constructor will be provided by Java Runtime
Environment.
• Constructor Method has no return type not even void.
• Code written inside constructor method is automatically
executed for every object creation of that class.
• If a class has its own constructor then default constructor will
not be available
• Constructor Method can have its own Access Modifier :
public, protected, package-private and private
2 Object-Oriented Programming Using Java
 Object Creation Syntax

• Creating/Instantiating Objects
<Class-Name> object-reference = new Constructor();
new operator used to create
objects at runtime
Examples
Box b1 = new Box();

String s1 = new String();

Class Name Object-Reference Names Names of Constructor Methods

Note : Above Examples Use Unparametrized Constructor

3 Object-Oriented Programming Using Java

 Object Creation Example
/* File Name : Box.java */
class Box
{
private double length; // length of a Box
private double width; // width of a Box
private double height; // height of a Box

/* Method to Compute the Area of Box */

Class Box Has No
public
{
double area()
Constructor
return 2* (length * width + width * height + height * length);
} // End of Method

/* Method to Compute the Volume of Box */

public double volume()
{
return length * width * height;
} // End of Method
}// End of class Box

class BoxTest
{
public static void main (String [ ] args)
{ Constructor
Box b1 = new Box();
Box b2 = new Box(); Provided by
}// End of Method
}// End of class BoxTest JRE
4 Object-Oriented Programming Using Java
 Types of Constructors

1. Un-parameterized Constructor
2. Parameterized Constructor
3. Overloaded Constructors

5 Object-Oriented Programming Using Java

 Class With Unparametrized
Constructor
// File Name : Demo.java
class A
{
private int a;
private int b;
A()
{ Un-parameterized
System.out.println(“Hello Welcome”);
}
Constructor
}// End of class A :A
class ConstructorDemo
{ a1 a b
public static void main(String args[])
{
a3
A a1 = new A(); :A
A a2 = new A(); a2 a b
A a3 = a1;
A a4 = a2; a4
} // End of Method
}// End of class ConstructorDemo Only Two Objects are Created in This Example
6 Object-Oriented Programming Using Java
 Class With Unparametrized
Constructor
// File Name : Demo.java
class A
{
private int a;
private int b; Predict the O/P of This
A()
{
Code
System.out.println(“Hello Welcome”);
}
}// End of class A
class ConstructorDemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
A a1 = new A(); Output
A a2 = new A(); F:\>javac Demo.java
F:\>java ConstructorDemo
A a3 = a1;
Hello Welcome
A a4 = a2; Hello Welcome
} // End of Method
}// End of class ConstructorDemo
7 Object-Oriented Programming Using Java
 Class With Unparametrized
Constructor
// File Name : Demo.java
class A
{
private int a;
private int b;
A()
{
for(int i =0; i<10; i++)
System.out.println (“Hello”); Predict The Output
}
}// End of class A
class ConstructorDemo
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
A a1 = new A();
A a2 = new A();
A a3 = new A();
A a4 = new A();
} // End of Method
}// End of class ConstructorDemo
8 Object-Oriented Programming Using Java
 Class With Parameterized
Constructor
// File Name : Demo.java
class A
{
private int a;
private int b;

A(int a, int b)
{
this.a = a; Parameterized
this.b = b;
displayValues(); Constructor
} // End of Constructor Method

/* Method to Display the Attribute Values */

public void displayValues()
{
System.out.println(“ a = “ + a);
System.out.println(“ b = “ + b); Compile-Time Error
}// End of Method
}// End of class A F:\>javac Demo.java
class ConstructorDemo Demo.java:27: cannot find symbol
{
public static void main(String args[])
symbol : constructor A()
{ location: class A
A a1 = new A();
A a1 = new A();
^
} // End of Method
}// End of class ConstructorDemo
1 error
9 Object-Oriented Programming Using Java
 Class With Parameterized
Constructor
// File Name : Demo.java
class A
{
private int a;
:A
private int b;
a1 20 40
A(int a, int b)
{ a b
this.a = a;
this.b = b;
:A
displayValues();
} // End of Constructor Method a2 10 6
/* Method to Display the Attribute Values */ a b
public void displayValues()
{
System.out.println(“ a = “ + a);
System.out.println(“ b = “ + b);
}// End of Method
}// End of class A Output
class ConstructorDemo F:\>javac Demo.java
{
public static void main(String args[])
F:\>java ConstructorDemo
{ a = 20
A a1 = new A(20,40); b = 40
A a2 = new A(10,6); a = 10
} // End of Method
}// End of class ConstructorDemo b=6
10 Object-Oriented Programming Using Java
 Class with Overloaded
Constructors
• Constructor Methods are Overloaded if they have same name but different signatures
// File Name : Demo.java // Method to print the sides of Triangle
class Triangle public void displaySides()
{ {
private double a; // Side 1 of Triangle System.out.println("Side 1:" + a);
private double b; // Side 2 of Triangle System.out.println("Side 2:" + b);
private double c; // Side 2 of Triangle System.out.println("Side 3:" + c);
}// End of Method
// Constructor Method - 1 Used to Create Equilateral Triangle }// End of Class
Triangle(double side)
{ /* Driver Class */
a = b = c = side; class ConstructorDemo
displaySides(); {
}// End of Constructor public static void main(String args[])
// Constructor Method - 1 Used to Create Isosceles Triangle {
Triangle(double side1, double side2)
{ Triangle T1 = new Triangle(10);
a = b = side1; c = side2;
displaySides(); Triangle T2 = new Triangle(20, 30);
}// End of Constructor Triangle T3 = new Triangle(10,6,8);
// Constructor Method - 3 Used to Create Scalene Triangle
Triangle(double side1, double side2, double side3) } // End of Method
{ }// End of class ConstructorDemo
a = side1; b = side2; c = side3;
displaySides();
}// End of Constructor

11 Object-Oriented Programming Using Java

 Class with Overloaded
Constructors
• Output of the Java Program of Previous Slide

F:\>javac Demo.java

F:\>java ConstructorDemo
Side 1:10.0
Side 2:10.0
Side 3:10.0
Side 1:20.0
Side 2:20.0
Side 3:30.0
Side 1:10.0
Side 2:6.0
Side 3:8.0

12 Object-Oriented Programming Using Java

 Constructors With Access
Modifiers
// File Name : Demo.java Output
class XYZ
{
private int x, y, z; F:\>javac Demo.java
// Constructor with ‘private’ Modifier Demo.java:25: cannot find symbol
private XYZ (int a) symbol : constructor A(int)
{
x = a; location: class A
} A a1 = new A(10);
// Constructor with public Modifier ^
public XYZ (int y, int z) 1 error
{
this.y = y;
this.z = z;
}
}// End of class XYZ
// Driver Class
class Test
{
// Driver Method
Compile-Time
public static void main(String args[])
{
Error
A a1 = new A(10);
A a2 = new A(10,40);
} // End of Method
} // End of class Test
13 Object-Oriented Programming Using Java
 Constructor Summary

• Method of a class having same name as that of class

• No return type (not even void) for Constructor Methods
• Can have access Specifiers (Modifiers)

14 Object-Oriented Programming Using Java

 Thank You

15 Object-Oriented Programming Using Java