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MBA Business Administration Statistics and Research Methodology (Bus 637) Summarize Two Articles Eman Osama Khalil 1195027

The document summarizes two articles about the impact of COVID-19. The first article from the International Labor Organization discusses how COVID-19 has affected the job market and proposed policies to address the effects. The second article from Bouey and Rand Corporation examines the effect of COVID-19 on small and medium enterprises in China over three stages as the virus spread and was brought under control. It notes the economic challenges faced by these businesses and lessons learned for supporting them during crises.

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Eman Khalil
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32 views

MBA Business Administration Statistics and Research Methodology (Bus 637) Summarize Two Articles Eman Osama Khalil 1195027

The document summarizes two articles about the impact of COVID-19. The first article from the International Labor Organization discusses how COVID-19 has affected the job market and proposed policies to address the effects. The second article from Bouey and Rand Corporation examines the effect of COVID-19 on small and medium enterprises in China over three stages as the virus spread and was brought under control. It notes the economic challenges faced by these businesses and lessons learned for supporting them during crises.

Uploaded by

Eman Khalil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MBA Business Administration

STATISTICS AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY (BUS 637)


Summarize two articles
Eman Osama Khalil
1195027
Summary article #1:-
According to the International Labor Organization, 2020. The study addressed
key questions on the topic of the impact of the Coronavirus on the world of work,
response policies, and questions: Why is the job market important? How will Covid 19
affect the world of work? What policy will work to reduce the effects of the Covid 19
virus on the world of work? Finally, how will countries respond? The International
Labor Organization also answered every question. Let's start by asking why is the job
market important? The Coronavirus crisis has greatly affected the economy and the
customer’s market and has caused numerous challenges to supply (commodity
production) and demand (consumption). Among the most important is a lack of revenue
in many sectors, the loss of many workers to their jobs, and a direct threat to the
income of individuals and companies. Therefore the following was done: Finding A
coordinated policy at the national and global levels with a multilateral leadership to
implement measures to protect individuals and companies facing income losses, called
for greater institutional and political reforms through strong and comprehensive social
campaigns so that assistance can be built-in building trust for institutions and
governments, and doing work Social three-Loire between governments and workers are
considered as a tool to develop and implement sustainable solutions from the
community level to the global level organizations. Moving on to the second question,
how will Covid-19 affect the world of work? Coronavirus will affect the effects of many
dimensions on the labor market, the most important of which are: First, the amount of
jobs, which will cause a significant increase in unemployment and underemployment, in
addition to a reduction in wages and hours of work, and is expected to lead to a decline
in economic activity and restrictions imposed on manufacturing and services, secondly,
the quality of work (wages / social services) Individual income will decrease which leads
to losses for them and will be reflected on the consumption of goods and therefore it is
harmful for the continuation of companies and it is expected to increase poverty in
general and finally there is a specific group in the labor market that is considered the
most affected and suffered from inequality, including people who suffer from health
conditions and the elderly, unemployed youth, women in the services and health sector,
slave and casual workers as well as migrants. Now, the third question is, what policy
will work to reduce the effects of the Covid-19 virus on the world of work? The
International Labor Organization has proposed some policies, including the existence of
international labor standards, which are the strong foundation that works to move
political tools, protecting workers through health protection measures in the workplace
and across different societies such as providing protection equipment, social distance,
hygiene measures, promoting a culture of remote work and preventing Dooming and
tyranny. The standards stimulate demand and support the economy to protect
companies and workers from income losses and prevent a series of supply and demand
shocks that may lead to a long-term economic recession through economic, employment,
and financial policies. The standards also provide broad and integrated measures in all
areas of policy to create a strong and lasting impact and enhance confidence through
dialogue and recommend jobless benefits, tax exemptions for small and medium
enterprises, lower interest rates, and work on targeted lending to specific sectors.
Finally, the fourth question: Did the countries respond? Countries are already
responding, they have adopted various methods of support, including the method of
remote work, expanding access to paid sick leave for quarantined workers, institutions
have provided occupational health and safety measures in the workplace, preventing
discrimination and exclusion, supporting child care for working parents because of the
closing of schools and nurseries, Providing active financial policies, supporting lending
to specific sectors, reducing work payments, bare unemployment benefits and tax
exemptions. In the end, the State Labor Organization mentioned the lessons learned
from the Coronavirus crisis, including that the epidemic stressed the necessity of
adopting accurate and transparent information. Workplaces are effective
communication points for disseminating information about prevention and protection
measures. Certain sectors are severely affected. Therefore, the focus should be on
employment and self-employment. To increase protection systems, public
infrastructure, and social services, and to work to create a constructive and continuous
social dialogue between governments and social partners.

Summary article #2:-

According to Bouey & Rand Corporation. 2020. The study clarified the effect of
the Covid-19 virus on small and medium enterprises in China. Therefore, the study
started with the stages of the virus in China which are three stages of awakening to the
epidemic at the end of December, the epidemic period, and the complete closure from
mid-January to mid-February, controlling the epidemic and returning to work from the
end of February to now. We will review each stage separately, and we will start with the
first stage, the awakening stage of the epidemic, where the emergence of a group of
pneumonia caused unknown causes in Wuhan in December 2019, which were associated
with several cases in the seafood market, so a medical team was sent to Wuhan at the
beginning of 2020 and it was confirmed that it is not It is contagious and does not pass
from one person to another. As for hunting the economy, it has been observed that
Medea and Han have fewer pollutants in the current world compared to the same
period in the last world, which indicates the slowdown in industry in production for an
unknown reason where the services sector contributes to more than half of China's
GDP Weak demand led to Auto, smartphones and high level of debt. China moved to
the second phase, which is the stage of comprehensive closure when the World Health
Organization declared an emergency in Wuhan and was closed due to the speed of
transmission. Public transportation was closed, and then the state of emergency was
declared in three provinces in China. Self-reservation was made and public events,
highways, railways, and groups were canceled. Tourists and all people were required to
wear face masks outdoors. On the international level, the land borders were closed,
whether, with total or partial closure, entry and exit from China were prohibited,
flights were suspended from and to China. As for the economy, small and medium-sized
companies in China and the world are the engines of the economy. In China, it was
affected and the cause of the spread of the virus decreased With an income of varying
causes ranging from 30-50% and most of its financial pressure was from the payment of
salaries and social security and loan payments as the quarantine and international
travel attended damaged the sectors of travel, tourism, hospitality, entertainment, and
restaurants, car trading, cinemas, and gyms were also subjected to material losses. an
Also. On the other side, some retail sectors, such as a supermarket, have not suffered
significant losses. While the sectors related to health and personal protection recovered
and increased their winds. China controlled the epidemic in the third stage, while the
epidemic moved to the world, and many cases have appeared in different countries such
as Italy, Iran, Japan, and South Korea, and the transmission speed of infection was
faster than China. On the economic front, the government changed its policies to
resume the economy, as the Chinese central bank gave incentives to reduce the costs of
lending and the availability of funds. The lender issued bonds in the global bond
markets, the interest rate on lending, and the deferral of payments on loans to small
companies facing a cash flow problem were called and the government called for
Provide financial support to maintain small businesses, reduce taxes, and reduce social
security contributions. Despite the government's support for reopening small
enterprises with their commitment to the requirements of prevention, they faced many
challenges due to the closure and quarantine, permits to reopen business and health
regulations, breaking the supply chain, lack of revenue and cash flows, which leads to
the payment of minimum wages or employees to layoffs. At the end of the study, the
researcher offered lessons learned to small companies in light of the Fair and Corona
crisis, including that small companies are more vulnerable to financial distress when the
market demand decreases, increased dependence on Internet-based business platforms,
allocate additional funding to unemployment, and the financing of small companies to
avoid bankruptcy. She also added her recommendations for controlling the epidemic in
general, as she learned the lesson of defining the epidemic situation / the need for a
double health effort, and finally of communication and coordination are important
risks.

References:-

1. International Labour organization. 2020. Covid-19 the word of work:


impact and policy responses. ILO monitor 1st edition. Obtained from:
ilo.org/global/topics/coronaviru.

2. Bouey, Jennifer & Rand corporation. 2020. Assessment of COVID-19’s


Impact on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises Implications from
China.Testimony (the House Small Business Committee). Obtained
from : www.rand.org/pubs/testimonies/CT524.html

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