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‫ ﻣﺪل ﺳﺎزی ﺗﻌﺎدل ﺑﺨﺎر ﻣﺎﯾﻊ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺎده ﺷﺪه‬SAFT

Article · May 2018

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Amir A. Izadpanah
Persian Gulf University
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‫‪5‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‪ -‬ﺗﺮﻭﻳﺠﻲ ‪ /‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ‪ / 92‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‪43‬‬

‫ﻣﺪﻝﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‪ -‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‪SAFT‬‬

‫ﻳﺎﺳﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﺟﺐ‪ ،1‬ﺍﻣﻴﺮﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺍﻳﺰﺩﭘﻨﺎﻩ‪ ،*2‬ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺎﺭ ﻋﺼﻔﻮﺭﻯ‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﺠﻮﻯ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﻰ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﺷﻴﻤﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻧﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﺷﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩﻳﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﺷﻴﻤﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﻰ ﻧﻔﺖ‪ ،‬ﮔﺎﺯ ﻭ ﭘﺘﺮﻭﺷﻴﻤﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻓﺎﺭﺱ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﺷﻬﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ‬
‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ‪92/9/11 :‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪92/5/1 :‬‬
‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪ SAFT‬ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪ PC-SAFT‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺪﻝﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻓﺎﺯﻯ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‪ -‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﻴﺮﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ‪ -‬ﻏﻴﺮﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ‪ -‬ﻏﻴﺮﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ‪ -‬ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪ SAFT‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻓﺎﺯﻯ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‪ -‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻭﺟﺰﺋﻰ ﻣﺘﺎﻥ‪ -‬ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻥ‪ -‬ﺑﻨﺰﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻝ‪ -‬ﭘﻨﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻮﻝ‪ -‬ﻫﭙﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ‪ -‬ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺁﺏ‪ -‬ﺍﺗﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪ SAFT‬ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻰ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪ SAFT‬ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪ SAFT‬ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺁﺏ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ‪ 3B‬ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺍﺗﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﻭ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ‪ 2B‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻳﻚ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﻫﻤﻜﻨﺶ ﺩﻭﺟﺰﺋﻰ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪ SAFT‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻮﻕ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻯ ﺧﻴﻠﻰ ﺧﻮﺑﻰ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﻣﺪﻝﺳﺎﺯﻯ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‪ -‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪ ،SAFT‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‪PC-SAFT‬‬

‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻯ‪ ،‬ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﻫﻢﻛﻨﺶ ﺟﺎﺫﺑﻪﺍﻯ ﺑﺮﺩ‪-‬ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ‪ ،‬ﺟﻬﺘﻰ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﺎﺫﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﻰ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﻯ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ‬
‫ﻭ ﻗﻮﻯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻯ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻯ‬ ‫ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻰﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺁﺷﻔﺘﮕﻰ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺗﻬﺎﻳﻢ‪ 1‬ﻳﻚ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺍﺩﻯ ﺍﻃﻼﻕ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﻰ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺩﺍﺩ]‪ .[4-1‬ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻯ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﻭﺭﺗﻬﺎﻳﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ‬ ‫ﻼ‪ ،‬ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺟﻮﺵ ﻭ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺗﻰ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺜ ً‬
‫ﺷﺒﻴﻪﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻣﻮﻧﺖ ﻛﺎﺭﻟﻮ‪ 2‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﺮﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻏﻴﺮﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﭘﺬﻳﺮﻯ ﺧﻴﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻯ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﺪﻩﺁﻝ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺑﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻝﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻰ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﻳﻚ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ‬

‫‪* [email protected]‬‬ ‫‪2. Monte Carlo simulation‬‬

‫‪1. Wertheim‬‬

‫‪F a r a y a n d n o‬‬
 ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‪ -‬ﺗﺮﻭﻳﺠﻲ ‪ /‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ‪ / 92‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‪43‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭼﺎﭘﻤﻦ‪ 1‬ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻯ ﻭﺭﺗﻬﺎﻳﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻯ ﺳﻴﺎﻝ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻯ )‪ ،(SAFT‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﺑﺴﻂ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪ SAFT‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺪﻝﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻭﺟﺰﺋﻰ ﻣﺘﺎﻥ‪-‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ]‪ .[5‬ﻫﻮﺍﻧﮓ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺩﻭﺯ‪ 2‬ﺑﺮﻫﻢﻛﻨﺶ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ‪-‬ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻥ‪ -‬ﺑﻨﺰﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻝ‪ -‬ﭘﻨﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻮﻝ‪ -‬ﻫﭙﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ‪-‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﭼﺎﻩ‪ -‬ﻣﺮﺑﻌﻰ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺁﺏ‪ -‬ﺍﺗﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪ SAFT‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ]‪ .[6‬ﺍﻳﻦ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﻫﻢﻛﻨﺶ ﺩﻭﺟﺰﺋﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﺯﺵ ﺷﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﻭ ﻫﻢ ﻏﻴﺮﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ‬
‫ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭﻫﺎﻯ ‪ P-x-y‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻮﺍﻧﮓ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺩﻭﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ‪ SAFT‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬
‫ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻋﺪﺩﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻯ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ]‪.[7‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪ SAFT‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻭ ﻧﺴﺨﻪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻰ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ‪SAFT-VR ،[8]PC-SAFT‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫]‪ [10 ,9‬ﻭ ‪ [11]soft-SAFT‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺻﻼﺣﻴﻪﻫﺎﻳﻰ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪ SAFT‬ﻫﻮﺍﻧﮓ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺩﻭﺯ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪ SAFT‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ‪ ،SAFT‬ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﻫﻠﻤﻬﻮﻟﺘﺰ ﺑﺎﻗﻰﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫‪ PC- SAFT‬ﺍﺳﺖ]‪ .[8‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺑﺎﻻﻯ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻭ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ‬
‫ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﺮﻩ ﺳﺨﺖ‪ ،‬ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻰ‪ ،‬ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻤﻊ‪ .‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﺮﻩ ﺳﺨﺖ‪ ،‬ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ‬ ‫‪ PC- SAFT‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻮﻟﻤﺰ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ‪ 3‬ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ]‪.[12‬‬
‫ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻰ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮﺍﻧﮓ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺩﻭﺯ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﮔﺮﻧﺮ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ‪ 4‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪ PC- SAFT‬ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬
‫ﻳﻚ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻰ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻝﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻓﺎﺯﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﻞﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻧﺪ]‪ .[13‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‪،‬‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ ﺁﺭﮔﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭼﻦ ﻭ ﻛﺮﮔﻠﻔﺴﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﻞﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺪﻝﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻣﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻳﻮﻧﻰ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﺯﺵ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ]‪.[19‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ﺍﻳﻤﻴﺪﺍﺯﻳﻠﻴﻴﻮﻡ ]‪ ،[15 ,14‬ﻣﺪﻝﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺳﻴﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﻭ‬
‫ﺁﺳﻔﺎﻟﻴﻦ ]‪ [17 ,16‬ﻭ ﻣﺪﻝﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻛﺸﺶ ﺳﻄﺤﻰ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺰﺋﻰ ]‪ [18‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ SAFT‬ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﻫﺮ ﺟﺰء ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻩﻫﺎﻳﻰ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪ SAFT‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﺮﻭﻯ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻧﻮﻳﺴﻰ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪ SAFT‬ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﻫﻠﻤﻬﻮﻟﺘﺰ ﺑﺎﻗﻰﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪ ،SAFT‬ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻰ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﻫﻠﻤﻬﻮﻟﺘﺰ ﺑﺎﻗﻰﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺣﺴﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﺸﺘﻖﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﻛﺮﻩ ﺳﺨﺖ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰﺋﻰ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺴﺮ ﻣﻮﻟﻰ ﺍﺟﺰﺍء ‪-‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ‬
‫ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻰ‪ ،‬ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﻳﺎ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻓﻮﮔﺎﺳﻴﺘﻪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ -‬ﺑﻪﺭﺍﺣﺘﻰ‬
‫‪a res  a hs  achain  a disp  a assoc‬‬ ‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻰﺁﻳﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪ SAFT‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻫﺮ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻳﻚ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪ m‬ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﻫﻠﻤﻬﻮﻟﺘﺰ ﻛﺮﻩ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪ SAFT‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪SAFT‬‬
‫‪a hs  ma0hs‬‬ ‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﻮﺍﻧﮓ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺩﻭﺯ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ‬

‫‪1. Chapman‬‬ ‫‪4. Grenner et al.‬‬

‫‪2. Huang and Radosz‬‬ ‫‪5. Chenand Kreglewski‬‬
‫‪3. Solms et al.‬‬

‫‪F a r a y a n d n o‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‪ -‬ﺗﺮﻭﻳﺠﻲ ‪ /‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ‪ / 92‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‪43‬‬

‫ﻛﻪ ‪ a0hs‬ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻫﻠﻤﻬﻮﻟﺘﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺮﻩ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ‪ u0‬ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺑﺮﻫﻢ ﻛﻨﺶ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖﻫﺎ‪ τ ،‬ﻳﻚ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝ ‪ m‬ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪ 0/74048‬ﻭ ‪ υ00‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻮﻟﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻰ ﻛﺮﻩ ﺳﺨﺖ ‪ ma0hs‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﻛﺮﻩ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﻫﻠﻤﻬﻮﻟﺘﺰ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺖ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬
‫‪a disp  ma0disp‬‬ ‫)‪(7‬‬
‫‪a0hs 4  3 2‬‬
‫‪ adisp‬ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﻫﻠﻤﻬﻮﻟﺘﺰ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﻩﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻳﻚ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪(3‬‬
‫‪‬‬‫‪1  ‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪RT‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪ SAFT‬ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺟﺎﺫﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ‬
‫ﭼﺎﻩ‪-‬ﻣﺮﺑﻌﻰ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪ ،SAFT‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ‬
‫‪ N Av‬‬
‫‪- adisp‬ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺮﻯ ﺩﻭ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻰ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ‪24‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﻛﺮﮔﻠﻔﺴﻜﻰ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﭼﻦ‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ md 3‬‬ ‫)‪(4‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ -‬ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ]‪.[19‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ‪ ρ‬ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻰ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻩﺍﻯ ﻭ ‪ d‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ‬
‫‪i‬‬ ‫‪j‬‬
‫‪a0disp‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫‪ u   ‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﻛﺮﻩ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺭﻛﺮ ﻭ ﻫﻨﺪﺭﺳﻮﻥ‬
‫‪  D ij ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪(8‬‬
‫‪RT‬‬ ‫‪i 1 j 1‬‬ ‫‪ kT    ‬‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ]‪.[20‬‬

‫ﻛﻪ ‪ Dij‬ﺛﺎﺑﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺗﺮﻣﻮﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻰ‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ 3u 0  ‬‬
‫ﺁﺭﮔﻮﻥ ﻓﻴﺖ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (1‬ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺷﺪﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ‪ u‬ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ‬ ‫‪d   1  c exp ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪(5‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ kT  ‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﻫﻢﻛﻨﺶ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖﻫﺎﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪  e ‬‬ ‫‪ 6‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪u  u 1  ‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪(9‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪ 00 ‬‬ ‫)‪(6‬‬
‫‪  kT  ‬‬ ‫‪  N Av‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ‪ e/K‬ﻳﻚ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝﻫﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ 10‬ﺭﺍ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ‪ σ‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ )ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺁﺭﮔﻮﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ‬
‫ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‪ c ،‬ﻳﻚ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪ ،0/12‬ﺻﻔﺮ؛ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺁﻣﻮﻧﻴﺎﻙ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻳﻚ؛ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻭژﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪3‬؛‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‪ :1‬ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ ‪Dij‬‬

‫‪i=1‬‬ ‫‪i=2‬‬ ‫‪i=3‬‬ ‫‪i=4‬‬

‫‪j=1‬‬ ‫‪-8.8043‬‬ ‫‪2.9396‬‬ ‫‪-2.8225‬‬ ‫‪0.34‬‬
‫‪j=2‬‬ ‫‪4.1646270‬‬ ‫‪-6.0865383‬‬ ‫‪4.7600148‬‬ ‫‪-3.1875014‬‬
‫‪j=3‬‬ ‫‪-48.203555‬‬ ‫‪40.137956‬‬ ‫‪11.257177‬‬ ‫‪12.231796‬‬
‫‪j=4‬‬ ‫‪140.43620‬‬ ‫‪-76.230797‬‬ ‫‪-66.382743‬‬ ‫‪-12.110681‬‬
‫‪j=5‬‬ ‫‪-195.23339‬‬ ‫‪-133.70055‬‬ ‫‪69.248785‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬
‫‪j=6‬‬ ‫‪113.51500‬‬ ‫‪860.25349‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬
‫‪j=7‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪-1535.3224‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬
‫‪j=8‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪1221.4261‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬
‫‪j=9‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪-409.10539‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬ ‫‪0.0‬‬

‫‪1. Barker and Henderson‬‬

‫‪F a r a y a n d n o‬‬
 ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‪ -‬ﺗﺮﻭﻳﺠﻲ ‪ /‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ‪ / 92‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‪43‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ‪ CO‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪4/2‬؛ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﻠﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪18‬؛ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ‪ CS2‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪38‬؛‬
‫‪PV‬‬
‫‪Z ‬‬ ‫‪ Z hs  Z disp  Z chian  Z assoc  1‬‬ ‫)‪(15‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ‪ CO2‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪40‬؛ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ‪ SO2‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ 88‬ﺍﺳﺖ(‪.‬‬
‫‪RT‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﻫﻠﻤﻬﻮﻟﺘﺰ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻯ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﻭﺭﺗﻬﺎﻳﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ‬
‫‪ 4  2 2 ‬‬
‫‪Z hs  m ‬‬ ‫‪3 ‬‬
‫)‪(16‬‬ ‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻰﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ 1    ‬‬
‫‪achain‬‬ ‫‪1  1 2 ‬‬
‫‪ 1  m  ln‬‬ ‫)‪(10‬‬
‫‪1   ‬‬
‫‪i‬‬ ‫‪j‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫‪ u   ‬‬ ‫‪RT‬‬
‫‪Z‬‬ ‫‪disp‬‬
‫‪ m  jD ij ‬‬ ‫)‪(17‬‬
‫‪i 1 j 1‬‬ ‫‪ kT    ‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﻫﻠﻤﻬﻮﻟﺘﺰ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﻰ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻯ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﻭﺭﺗﻬﺎﻳﻢ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺯﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ‬
‫‪Z‬‬ ‫‪chain‬‬
‫‪ 1  m ‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪5 2    2‬‬
‫)‪(18‬‬ ‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪1    1  1 2  ‬‬
‫‪a assoc‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪XA‬‬ ‫‪ 1 ‬‬
‫‪  A  ln X‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ M ‬‬ ‫)‪(11‬‬
‫‪RT‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪ 2 ‬‬
‫‪1 ‬‬ ‫‪  ln  g hs d    ‬‬
‫‪Z assoc‬‬ ‫‪  1  ‬‬ ‫‪   1  X‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪(19‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪  A‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ‪ XA‬ﻛﺴﺮ ﻣﻮﻟﻰ ﺳﺎﻳﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻮﻉ ‪ A‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ‪ M‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺳﺎﻳﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪ SAFT‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝﻫﺎﻯ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﺳﻪ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ‪ XA‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝ)‪،(m‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻮﻟﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ)‪ (00‬ﻭ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺑﺮﻫﻢﻛﻨﺶ‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪A‬‬
‫‪ 1  N Av  X B  X B  AB ‬‬ ‫)‪(12‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖﻫﺎ )‪ .(u0‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﺩﻭ‬
‫ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ :‬ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ )‪ (AB‬ﻭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ‪ ΔAB‬ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫)‪.(κAB‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪  AB‬‬ ‫‪  3 AB‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎ‬ ‫‪ AB  g hs d  exp ‬‬ ‫‪  1  ‬‬ ‫)‪(13‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ kT‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﻫﻠﻤﻬﻮﻟﺘﺰ ﺑﺎﻗﻰﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ‪ AB‬ﻭ ‪ κAB‬ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﻭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺑﺮﻫﻢﻛﻨﺶ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻛﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻰﺁﻳﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺳﺎﻳﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ‪ A‬ﻭ ‪ ،B‬ﻭ)‪ ghs(d‬ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻰ ﻛﺮﻩ‬
‫‪a res  a hs  achain  a disp  a assoc‬‬ ‫)‪(20‬‬ ‫ﺳﺨﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﻛﺮﻩ ﺳﺨﺖ‪ ،‬ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻧﺪﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﺮﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻣﻨﻔﺮﺩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪1  1 2 ‬‬
‫‪g hs (d ) ‬‬ ‫)‪(14‬‬
‫‪1   ‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻃﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺮﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮ ﻣﺒﻨﺎﻯ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭﻯ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،1‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﺮﻩ‬ ‫ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪ SAFT‬ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻰ‬
‫ﺳﺨﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﻫﻠﻤﻬﻮﻟﺘﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ]‪:[21‬‬ ‫ﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎﻯ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ‬
‫ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻫﻠﻤﻬﻮﻟﺘﺰ‪ ،‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪1. Mansoori et al.‬‬

‫‪F a r a y a n d n o‬‬
‫‪9‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‪ -‬ﺗﺮﻭﻳﺠﻲ ‪ /‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ‪ / 92‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‪43‬‬

‫‪u ij  u ii u jj 1  k ij ‬‬ ‫‪6   2   3 1 2 3  3 1 2  3 ‬‬

‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫)‪(28‬‬ ‫‪a hs‬‬ ‫)‪(21‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪RT  N Av  ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ 3u i0  ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪2 ‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪   1  0.12  ‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪00‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪(29‬‬ ‫‪ 0 ‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ln 1   3  ‬‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ kT  ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ 3  ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪e ‬‬ ‫‪ N Av ‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬

‫‪k  03‬‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪m i d ii ‬‬
‫‪k‬‬
‫‪u ii  u i0 1 ‬‬ ‫‪k ‬‬ ‫)‪(22‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪(30‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ kT ‬‬ ‫‪i 1‬‬

‫ﻛﻪ ‪ kij‬ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﻫﻢﻛﻨﺶ ﺩﻭﺗﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ‪ ρ‬ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﻣﻮﻟﻰ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ‪ xi ،‬ﻛﺴﺮ ﻣﻮﻟﻰ ﺟﺰء ‪ mi ،i‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﺯﺵ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻰﺁﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝ ﺟﺰء ‪ ،i‬ﻭ ‪ dii‬ﻗﻄﺮ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ‬
‫ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﺳﺎﻳﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻩﺍﻯ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻩﺍﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﻫﻠﻤﻬﻮﻟﺘﺰ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺟﺎﺫﺑﻪ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﻪﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭼﺎﭘﻤﻦ ﻭ‬ ‫ﭼﺎﻩ‪ -‬ﻣﺮﺑﻌﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻯ ﺟﺎﺫﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻧﺶ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪ ]‪:[22‬‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﻫﻠﻤﻬﻮﻟﺘﺰ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﻮﺍﻧﮓ‬
‫ﻭ ﺭﺍﺩﻭﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ]‪:[7‬‬
‫‪achain‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬
‫‪  x i 1  m i  ln  g iihs d ii  ‬‬ ‫)‪(31‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬ ‫‪j‬‬
‫‪RT‬‬ ‫‪a disp‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪9‬‬
‫‪ u   ‬‬
‫‪ m  D ij‬‬
‫‪i 1‬‬
‫‪ kT    ‬‬ ‫)‪(23‬‬
‫‪RT‬‬ ‫‪i 1 j 1‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ‪ g iihs d ii ‬ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻛﺮﻩ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ‪ m‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖﻫﺎ‪ u ،‬ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖ ﻭ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﺼﻮﺭﻯ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ‪g iihs d ii ‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻧﺪ]‪.[21‬‬ ‫‪ η‬ﺩﺍﻧﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪3d d‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬

‫‪g ijhs d ij  ‬‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫‪ ii jj‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪(32‬‬ ‫‪m   x i mi‬‬ ‫)‪(24‬‬
‫‪1   3 d ii  d jj 1   3 2‬‬ ‫‪i 1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪ d d ‬‬ ‫‪ 22‬‬
‫‪2  ii jj ‬‬
‫‪ d ii  d jj  1   3 ‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪ N Av ‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬

‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪m i d ii    3‬‬

‫‪3‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬ ‫)‪(25‬‬
‫‪d ii d jj‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪i 1‬‬
‫‪d ij ‬‬ ‫)‪(33‬‬
‫‪d ii  d jj‬‬
‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬

‫‪ x‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬ ‫‪x j m i m j ij0 u ij kT‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﮕﻤﻨﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺎ ﻗﻄﺮ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ‬ ‫‪u‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪i 1 i 1‬‬
‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬
‫)‪(26‬‬
‫‪kT‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﻰﺁﻳﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪ x‬‬
‫‪i 1 i 1‬‬
‫‪i‬‬ ‫‪x j m i m j‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪ij‬‬
‫)‪(34‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ‬
‫‪d ii‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪d ‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪g iihs d ii  ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪  ii ‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2 1   3 2‬‬ ‫‪  1   3 ‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪13 ‬‬
‫‪   i0    0j   ‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪13‬‬
‫)‪(27‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ij‬‬

‫‪F a r a y a n d n o‬‬
 ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‪ -‬ﺗﺮﻭﻳﺠﻲ ‪ /‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ‪ / 92‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‪43‬‬ ‫‪10‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻰ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻰ ﺳﺎﺩﻩﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻰﻛﻨﻴﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻰ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻰﺁﻳﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻰﺑﺮﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪A B‬‬
‫‪  3 AB‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬ ‫‪j‬‬

‫‪ g hs d ii  exp ‬‬

‫‪A B‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪  1  ij ‬‬
‫‪i‬‬ ‫‪j‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬ ‫‪j‬‬
‫)‪(41‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪kT‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪1  1 2 ‬‬
‫‪g hs d ii  ‬‬ ‫)‪(35‬‬
‫‪1   ‬‬
‫‪3‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪A B‬‬ ‫‪B B‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ A A ‬‬
‫‪j‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬ ‫‪i‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪j‬‬ ‫‪j‬‬
‫)‪(42‬‬
‫‪ N Av  n‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪x i m i d ii3   3‬‬ ‫)‪(36‬‬
‫‪ ij   i   j  2‬‬ ‫)‪(43‬‬ ‫‪i 1‬‬

‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﻫﻠﻤﻬﻮﻟﺘﺰ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮ‪ ،‬ﻃﺒﻖ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ‬

‫‪Ai B j‬‬ ‫‪BjBj‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪  Ai Ai ‬‬ ‫)‪(44‬‬ ‫ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻰ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬

‫‪achain‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬

‫ﻛﻪ ‪ AiBj‬ﻭ ‪ κAiBj‬ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﻭ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺑﺮﻫﻢﻛﻨﺶ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫‪  x i 1  m i  ln  g hs d ii  ‬‬ ‫)‪(37‬‬
‫‪RT‬‬ ‫‪i 1‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻳﺖﻫﺎﻯ ‪ Ai‬ﻭ ‪ Bi‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪ SAFT‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﻫﻠﻤﻬﻮﻟﺘﺰ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭼﺎﭘﻤﻦ ﻭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻧﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪ ]‪.[22‬‬
‫‪PV‬‬
‫‪Z ‬‬ ‫‪Z Z‬‬
‫‪hs‬‬ ‫‪disp‬‬
‫‪Z‬‬ ‫‪chain‬‬
‫‪Z‬‬ ‫‪assoc‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫)‪(45‬‬
‫‪RT‬‬
‫‪a assoc‬‬ ‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪Ai‬‬
‫‪ 1‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪  x i   ln X‬‬ ‫‪Ai‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ Mi ‬‬ ‫)‪(38‬‬
‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫‪RT‬‬ ‫‪i 1‬‬ ‫‪ Ai ‬‬ ‫‪2  2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫ﻛﻪ ‪ Mi‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻞ ﺳﺎﻳﺖﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ‪ i‬ﻭ ‪XAi‬‬

‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬ ‫‪3 1 2‬‬ ‫‪3 23‬‬ ‫‪ 3 23 ‬‬
‫‪Z hs‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ 0 3 ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪(46‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫ﻛﺴﺮ ﻣﻮﻟﻰ ﺳﺎﻳﺖﻫﺎﻯ ‪ Ai‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻧﺪﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ‬
‫‪ N Av ‬‬ ‫‪1   3 1   3  1   3  1   3  ‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬

‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪:‬‬

‫‪i‬‬ ‫‪j‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪ u   ‬‬
‫‪9‬‬
‫‪Z‬‬ ‫‪disp‬‬
‫‪ m  jD ij ‬‬ ‫)‪(47‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪1‬‬

‫‪ kT    ‬‬
‫‪N‬‬
‫‪ 1  N Av   x j X‬‬
‫‪Bj‬‬ ‫‪Ai B j‬‬
‫‪i 1 j 1‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪Ai‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫)‪(39‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪j 1 B j‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪N‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪g hs d ii  ‬‬ ‫ﻛﻪ ‪ ΔAiBj‬ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﻳﺖﻫﺎﻯ ‪ Ai‬ﻭ ‪ Bi‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ‬
‫‪Z chain   x i 1  m i   hs‬‬ ‫)‪ (48‬‬
‫‪i 1‬‬ ‫‪ g d ii ‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻰﺁﻳﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪‬‬ ‫‪  Ai B j‬‬ ‫‪  3 Ai B j‬‬

‫‪Z assoc‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪  ln  g hs d ii     N‬‬
‫‪  1   ‬‬ ‫‪   x i  1  X‬‬ ‫‪Ai‬‬
‫)‪ (49‬‬
‫‪‬‬
‫‪Ai B j‬‬
‫‪g‬‬ ‫‪hs‬‬
‫‪ij‬‬ ‫‪d ij  exp  kT‬‬ ‫‪  1  ij ‬‬ ‫)‪(40‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪  i 1 Ai‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬ ‫‪ ‬‬
‫‪‬‬ ‫‪‬‬

‫‪F a r a y a n d n o‬‬
‫‪11‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‪ -‬ﺗﺮﻭﻳﺠﻲ ‪ /‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ‪ / 92‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‪43‬‬

‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻓﺎﺯﻯ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‪ -‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺷﺶ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻟﻰ ﺩﻭﺟﺰﺋﻰ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ‪ -‬ﻏﻴﺮﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ‪ -‬ﻏﻴﺮﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ‪-‬‬
‫ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪ ،SAFT‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺷﻌﺎﻋﻰ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻭ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺘﺎﻥ‪-‬ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻥ‪ -‬ﺑﻨﺰﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻭ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻝ‪ -‬ﭘﻨﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻮﻝ‪ -‬ﻫﭙﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﻭ ﭘﻨﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻫﭙﺘﺎﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﻭ ﺷﺸﻢ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﺏ‪-‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ :1‬ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‪ -‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺘﺎﻥ‪ -‬ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺁﺏ‪ -‬ﺍﺗﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ 277/6‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻛﻠﻮﻳﻦ ﻭ ‪) .kij=0.091‬ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺍﺯ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻋﺪﺩﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻟﻰ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺟﻊ]‪([23‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ (2‬ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (2‬ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻫﻢﺧﻮﺍﻧﻰ ﺧﻮﺑﻰ ﺑﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﻏﻴﺮﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ‪ -‬ﻏﻴﺮﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺘﺎﻥ‪ -‬ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻥ‪ -‬ﺑﻨﺰﻥ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻏﻴﺮﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻫﻢﻛﻨﺶﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻧﻤﻰﺍﻓﺘﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ‪ -‬ﻏﻴﺮﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪ SAFT‬ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (1‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻟﻰ ‪ P-x-y‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺰﺋﻰ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻝ‪-‬ﭘﻨﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻮﻝ‪ -‬ﻫﭙﺘﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ‪ 277/6‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻛﻠﻮﻳﻦ ﺭﺳﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﻭ ﭘﻨﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻫﭙﺘﺎﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻏﻴﺮﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻝﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﻫﻢﻛﻨﺸﻰ ‪ ،k‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻯ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ )ﺧﻮﺩﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ( ﺑﻪ‬
‫‪ij‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ‪ 0/091‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺧﻄﺎﻯ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻁ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻯ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (3‬ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‪ -‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻝ‪-‬ﭘﻨﺘﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﻠﻖ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ‪ 1/55‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ ،(1‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ‪ 397/7‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻛﻠﻮﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺯﻳﺮ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺑﺤﺮﺍﻧﻰﺷﺎﻥ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻝﺳﺎﺯﻯ‪ ،‬ﻃﺮﺡ‬ ‫ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﺧﻮﺑﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (2‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻟﻰ ‪ P-x-y‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺰﺋﻰ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ‪ 2B‬ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﻞﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻥ‪ -‬ﺑﻨﺰﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ‪ 310/93‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻛﻠﻮﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﻞﻫﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻝﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‪ -‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﻫﻢﻛﻨﺶ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺧﻮﺷﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ]‪ .[6‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫‪ k‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪ 0/033‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (3‬ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺁﺯﺋﻮﺗﺮﻭﭘﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ‬
‫‪ij‬‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﺯﺵ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‪ -‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﻫﻢﻛﻨﺸﻰ‬

‫‪F a r a y a n d n o‬‬
 ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‪ -‬ﺗﺮﻭﻳﺠﻲ ‪ /‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ‪ / 92‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‪43‬‬ ‫‪12‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :2‬ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‪ -‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻥ‪ -‬ﺑﻨﺰﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ‪ 310/93‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻛﻠﻮﻳﻦ ﻭ ‪.kij=0.033‬‬
‫)ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ]‪([24‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :3‬ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‪ -‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻝ‪ -‬ﭘﻨﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ‪ 397/7‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻛﻠﻮﻳﻦ ﻭ ‪.kij=0.052‬‬
‫)ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ]‪([25‬‬

‫ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻝ‪ -‬ﭘﻨﺘﺎﻥ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺁﺯﺋﻮﺗﺮﻭﭘﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ‬ ‫‪ kij‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪ 0/052‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﺯﺵ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺪﻝﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﻫﻢﻛﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻓﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫‪ kij‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪ 0/029‬ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻰ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﺯﺵ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻰﻛﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﻫﻢﻛﻨﺶ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (4‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻟﻰ ‪ P-x-y‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﻭ ﺟﺰﺋﻰ‬
‫‪ kij‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪ SAFT‬ﺍﺻﻠﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻮﻝ‪ -‬ﻫﭙﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ‪ 333/15‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻛﻠﻮﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ 0/018‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻓﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺪﻝﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ‪2B‬‬
‫ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ]‪ .[6‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ ،(4‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻧﻴﺰ‬

‫‪F a r a y a n d n o‬‬
‫‪13‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‪ -‬ﺗﺮﻭﻳﺠﻲ ‪ /‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ‪ / 92‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‪43‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :4‬ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‪ -‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﭘﺮﻭﭘﺎﻧﻮﻝ‪ -‬ﻫﭙﺘﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ‪ 333/15‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻛﻠﻮﻳﻦ ﻭ ‪kij =0,029‬‬
‫)ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ]‪([26‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ :5‬ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‪ -‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺁﺏ‪ -‬ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ‪ 328‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻛﻠﻮﻳﻦ ﻭ ‪) .kij= -0,115‬ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ]‪([27‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﻔﺖ ﻣﺪﻝﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺑﻪﺧﻮﺑﻰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (5‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ‪ P-x-y‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ‪328‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻛﻠﻮﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺳﻴﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺪﻝﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪﻝ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ‪-‬ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ‬
‫‪ 3B‬ﻭ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪﻝ ‪ 2B‬ﻣﺪﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﻮﺍﻧﮓ ﻭ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﺏ‪-‬‬
‫ﺭﺍﺩﻭﺯ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪ]‪ .[6‬ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ‪ kij‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺑﺎ ‪ -0/115‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺁﺏ‪ -‬ﺍﺗﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥﻫﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ‬
‫ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﺯﺵ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺧﻄﺎﻯ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﺳﺖ )ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ ﺧﻮﺩﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ(‪ .‬ﻣﺪﻝﺳﺎﺯﻯ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ‪ 3/24‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻰ ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﻫﻢﻛﻨﺶﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﻫﻢﻛﻨﺶ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪ SAFT‬ﺍﺻﻠﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻣﻰﺍﻓﺘﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺗﺌﻮﺭﻯﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻟﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ -0/125‬ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﻧﺤﺮﺍﻑ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ‬

‫‪F a r a y a n d n o‬‬
 ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‪ -‬ﺗﺮﻭﻳﺠﻲ ‪ /‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ‪ / 92‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‪43‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬

‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ :6‬ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‪ -‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺁﺏ‪ -‬ﺍﺗﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ‪ 323/15‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻛﻠﻮﻳﻦ ﻭ‬
‫‪) kij= -0,11‬ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ]‪([26‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻋﺪﺩﻯ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ‪) XA‬ﻛﺴﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝﻫﺎ‬ ‫)ﻫﻤﺎﻥﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﺳﺖ(‪ ،‬ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻯ ﺧﻮﺑﻰ ﺑﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ‪ A‬ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻧﺪﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ( ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺩﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻝ‪-‬‬ ‫ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﻭ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﻨﺘﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺁﺏ‪ -‬ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻫﺎﻯ‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ )‪ (6‬ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻟﻰ ‪ P-x-y‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﻭﺟﺰﺋﻰ‬
‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪ ،(2‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻓﺎﺯ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﺏ‪ -‬ﺍﺗﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ‪ 323/15‬ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻛﻠﻮﻳﻦ ﺭﺳﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻝ‪ -‬ﭘﻨﺘﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ‪ 2B‬ﺍﺳﺖ‬ ‫ﺍﺗﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ‪ 2B‬ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺁﺏ‬
‫ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ XA‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺁﺏ‪-‬‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﻃﺮﺡ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ‪ 3B‬ﺍﺳﺖ]‪ .[6‬ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﻫﻢﻛﻨﺸﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﻃﺮﺡﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ‪ 3B‬ﻭ ‪2B‬‬ ‫‪ kij‬ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ‪ -0/11‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﺯﺵ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ‪ XA‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺍﻭﻝ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻧﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺧﻄﺎﻯ ‪ 2/3‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻞ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﻫﻢﻛﻨﺶ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ‪ XA‬ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪(3‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪ SAFT‬ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ‪ -0/12‬ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻞ‪ ،‬ﻫﻢﺧﻮﺍﻧﻰ ﺧﻮﺑﻰ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺶﺑﻴﻨﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺪﻝ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪﮔﻴﺮﻯ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪ SAFT‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺪﻝ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻋﺪﺩﻯ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺯﻯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﻏﻴﺮﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ‪-‬‬ ‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻋﺪﺩﻯ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻯ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ‪ ،‬ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ‪-‬ﻏﻴﺮﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ‪-‬ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﮔﺎﺳﻴﺘﻪ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺪﻝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ‬
‫ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪ ،SAFT‬ﺣﺠﻢ ﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻫﺎﻯ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﺕ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﻝﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﺎﺯﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢﭘﺬﻳﺮﻯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﻭ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪ ،SAFT‬ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬ ‫ﺿﺮﺍﻳﺐ ﻓﻮﮔﺎﺳﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﺟﺰﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ )‪(2‬‬
‫‪ SAFT‬ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺧﻮﺑﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪ ﻛﻪ‬

‫‪F a r a y a n d n o‬‬
‫‪15‬‬ ‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‪ -‬ﺗﺮﻭﻳﺠﻲ ‪ /‬ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ‪ / 92‬ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‪43‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ‪ :2‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻋﺪﺩﻯ ﻫﺮ ﺷﺶ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬

‫‪Mole‬‬
‫‪fraction of‬‬
‫‪system‬‬ ‫‪Phase‬‬ ‫)‪Pressure(bar‬‬ ‫‪Z‬‬ ‫‪φ١‬‬ ‫‪φ٢‬‬
‫‪component‬‬
‫)‪1, (z1‬‬
‫‪Methane(1)/‬‬ ‫‪Liquid‬‬ ‫‪48.2‬‬ ‫‪0.29‬‬ ‫‪0.155811‬‬ ‫‪0.136232‬‬ ‫‪2.60061‬‬
‫)‪Propane(2‬‬ ‫‪Vapor‬‬
‫‪13.8‬‬ ‫‪0.57‬‬ ‫‪0.906144‬‬ ‫‪0.984182 0.827216‬‬
‫‪at 277.6K‬‬
‫‪Propane(1)/‬‬ ‫‪Liquid‬‬ ‫‪7.10‬‬ ‫‪0.43‬‬ ‫‪0.029978‬‬ ‫‪1.27909‬‬ ‫‪0.032288‬‬
‫‪Benzene(2) at‬‬ ‫‪Vapor‬‬
‫‪1.52‬‬ ‫‪0.83‬‬ ‫‪0.966409‬‬ ‫‪0.971182 0.949215‬‬
‫‪310.93K‬‬
‫‪Methanol(1)/‬‬ ‫‪Liquid‬‬ ‫‪14.3‬‬ ‫‪0.78‬‬ ‫‪0.03004‬‬ ‫‪0.494929‬‬ ‫‪2.01907‬‬
‫)‪Pentane(2‬‬ ‫‪Vapor‬‬
‫‪15.1‬‬ ‫‪0.39‬‬ ‫‪0.790608‬‬ ‫‪0.810351 0.833041‬‬
‫‪at 397.7K‬‬
‫‪Propanol(1)/‬‬ ‫‪Liquid‬‬ ‫‪0.306‬‬ ‫‪0.92‬‬ ‫‪0.0009125 0.668774‬‬ ‫‪5.76193‬‬
‫‪Heptane(2) at‬‬ ‫‪Vapor‬‬
‫‪0.340‬‬ ‫‪0.20‬‬ ‫‪0.986851‬‬ ‫‪0.992311 0.985663‬‬
‫‪333.15K‬‬
‫)‪Water(1)/Methanol(2‬‬ ‫‪Liquid‬‬ ‫‪0.334‬‬ ‫‪0.80‬‬ ‫‪0.0002756 0.472754 3.066634‬‬
‫‪at 328K‬‬ ‫‪vapor‬‬ ‫‪0.466‬‬ ‫‪0.21‬‬ ‫‪0.961122 1.01604 0.946997‬‬
‫)‪Water(1)/Ethanol(2‬‬ ‫‪Liquid‬‬ ‫‪0.287‬‬ ‫‪0.66‬‬ ‫‪0.0003190 0.546518 1.50558‬‬
‫‪at 323.15K‬‬ ‫‪Vapor‬‬ ‫‪0.184‬‬ ‫‪0.41‬‬ ‫‪0.990639 1.00164 0.983037‬‬

‫ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ‪ :3‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻋﺪﺩﻯ ‪) XA‬ﻛﺴﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﻟﻜﻮﻝﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ‪ A‬ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﻧﺪﺍﺩﻩﺍﻧﺪ(‬

‫‪Mole‬‬
‫‪fraction of‬‬
‫‪system‬‬ ‫‪Phase‬‬ ‫)‪Pressure(bar‬‬ ‫)‪XA(1‬‬ ‫)‪XB(1‬‬ ‫)‪XC(1‬‬ ‫)‪XA(2‬‬ ‫)‪XB(2‬‬
‫‪component‬‬
‫)‪1, (z1‬‬
‫)‪Methanol(1)/Pentane(2‬‬ ‫‪Liquid‬‬ ‫‪14.3‬‬ ‫‪0.78‬‬ ‫‪0.2031‬‬ ‫‪0.2031‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫‪at 397.7K‬‬ ‫‪Vapor‬‬ ‫‪15.1‬‬ ‫‪0.39‬‬ ‫‪0.8665‬‬ ‫‪0.8665‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬ ‫‪-‬‬
‫)‪Water(1)/Methanol(2‬‬ ‫‪Liquid‬‬ ‫‪0.334‬‬ ‫‪0.80‬‬ ‫‪0.5242‬‬ ‫‪0.5242‬‬ ‫‪0.0770‬‬ ‫‪0.1257‬‬ ‫‪0.0108‬‬
‫‪at 328K‬‬ ‫‪Vapor‬‬ ‫‪0.466‬‬ ‫‪0.21‬‬ ‫‪0.9941‬‬ ‫‪0.9941‬‬ ‫‪0.9939‬‬ ‫‪0.9569‬‬ ‫‪0.9554‬‬

‫ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺖ‪ :‬ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻓﻮﮔﺎﺳﻴﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ‬ ‫ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻯ ﺧﻮﺑﻰ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﺑﺨﺎﺭ‪ -‬ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ‪SAFT‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﻫﻢﻛﻨﺸﻰ ‪ kij‬ﻣﺪﻝﺳﺎﺯﻯ‬
‫ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻓﻮﮔﺎﺳﻴﺘﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺟﺰء ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﻫﻢﻛﻨﺶﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺰء ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻰﻛﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮ ﺑﺮﻫﻢﻛﻨﺶ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫‪kres T ,V‬‬
‫‪ ،SAFT‬ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻟﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪ SAFT‬ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻧﺪﻛﻰ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ‬
‫‪ln  k ‬‬
‫‪  ln Z‬‬
‫‪RT‬‬ ‫)پ‪(1-‬‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﻫﺮ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ‬

‫‪F a r a y a n d n o‬‬
 43‫ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬/ 92‫ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ‬/ ‫ ﺗﺮﻭﻳﺠﻲ‬-‫ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‬،‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ‬ 16
‫ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻫﻠﻤﻬﻮﻟﺘﺰ ﺑﺎﻗﻰﻣﺎﻧﺪﻩ‬،‫ﻼ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪ‬ ً ‫ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒ‬ :‫ﺁﻳﺪ‬
kres T ,V  a res   (a res RT ) 
:‫ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‬    Z  1    (2-‫)پ‬
RT RT  x k 
a  a a
res hs chain
 a  a assoc
disp
(11-‫)پ‬  
N   (a res RT ) 
 x   
T ,V ,x i  j 
j
:‫ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺗﺠﻤﻌﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ‬ j 1  x j

a a
res assoc
 a hs  achain  a disp (12-‫)پ‬ :‫ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻰﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻮﺷﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺯ ﺗﻚﺗﻚ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺴﺮ ﻣﻮﻟﻰ ﻣﺸﺘﻖ ﻣﻰﮔﻴﺮﻳﻢ ﻛﻪ‬ (3-‫)پ‬
:‫ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‬ kres T ,V  khs T ,V  kchain T ,V  kdisp T ,V  kassoc T ,V 
 a res   a assoc     
     (13-‫)پ‬ RT RT RT RT RT
 x k   x k 
T ,V , x i  k T ,V , x i  k

‫ﻛﻪ‬
 a hs   achain   a disp 
      (4-‫)پ‬
 x k T ,V ,x i k  x k T ,V ,x i k  x k T ,V ,x i k
khs T ,V  
 a hs   (a hs RT )  N    (a hs RT )
  x j     Z hs
‫ﻣﺸﺘﻖ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻫﻠﻤﻬﻮﻟﺘﺰ ﻛﺮﻩ ﺳﺨﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺴﺮ‬ RT RT  x k  j 1   x j T ,V ,x i  j 

:‫ﻣﻮﻟﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻰﺁﻳﺪ‬ (5-‫)پ‬

(14-‫)پ‬ kchain T ,V  achain   (achain RT )  N    (achain RT )  
     x j     Z chain
RT RT  x k  j 1   x j T ,V ,x 
ij 

  (a hs RT )   m  hs  a0hs 
    a0  m    m k a0 
hs

 x k T ,V ,x i k  x k   x k  (6-‫)پ‬
     0    2   
  3 2    1    kdisp T ,V   adisp   (a disp RT )  N    (a disp RT )

    x k   x k      x j     Z disp
   
RT RT  x k  j 1   x j T ,V ,x i  j 
1  3
  
    3  2   2    3   
 3 
 1 2  3 2    3
2  1  3 
3    (7-‫)پ‬
   x k    x k    x k    
  1     3 1   3   32 1   3  
kassoc T ,V  a assoc   (a assoc RT )  N    (a assoc RT )  
2 2 3

 1 1 
3

 hs   0 
m  a0            
     x j     Z assoc
 0  x k   0  3 22  2  2 23  3   
RT RT  x k  j 1   x j T ,V ,x 
ij 
     0    x k    x k   ln 1   
   x  
  
 k   32  33 3
‫ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﺎﺩﮔﻰ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻭ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﭘﻴﭽﻴﺪﻩ‬
   
   
   ‫ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻯ ﻣﺸﺘﻖ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬،‫ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻰ‬
    3  
 
   3   x k   


   22 
 1  


‫ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻫﻠﻤﻬﻮﻟﺘﺰ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺴﺮ ﻣﻮﻟﻰ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ‬
   3  3  
‫ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬- ‫ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﺗﺠﻤﻊ‬، ‫ﺍﺯ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ‬-[28] ‫ﻣﻴﻜﻠﺴﻦ ﻭ ﻫﻨﺪﺭﻳﻜﺲ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
(15-‫)پ‬ :‫ﻓﻮﮔﺎﺳﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻰﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﻢ‬
 (T ,V ) 1  ln g d 
assoc hs N
k
  ln X   x  1  X  (9-‫)پ‬
Ai kk
i
Ai

 n  RT 2 Aix i 1 Ai

  m k d kk 
k
n
n  0,1, 2,3 :‫ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﻓﻮﮔﺎﺳﻴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻰﺁﻳﺪ‬،‫ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ‬
x k 6
‫ﻣﺸﺘﻖ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻫﻠﻤﻬﻮﻟﺘﺰ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ‬  a res a assoc     (a res RT )    (a assoc RT )  
ln k          
:‫ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ‬  RT RT    x k   x k  (10-‫)پ‬
(16-‫)پ‬ N     (a res RT )    (a assoc RT )    assoc T ,V 
  x j          Z  Z assoc  1  k  ln Z
i 1   x k x k  RT
  (achain RT )    T ,V ,x i  j  T ,V ,x i  j 
    m k  1 ln  g hs d kk   
  x k T ,V ,x i k

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17 43‫ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ‬/ 92‫ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﺰ‬/ ‫ ﺗﺮﻭﻳﺠﻲ‬-‫ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ‬،‫ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﻲ‬

‫ﻛﻪ‬
N N
1  g hs d ii  
m   x i mi (19-‫)پ‬  x  m  1 g d  
i i 
i 1 i 1
hs
 ii x k 

    (20-‫)پ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬
   m k d kk 
3

 x k  6  1     1   
3 1   3   3   1   3   3  (17-‫)پ‬
 g hs d ii    2   x k  2  x k 
(21-‫)پ‬  
  3
4
 x k  1  
N
 u  2 x m m  u kj  0  u   N 0  ‫ﻣﺸﺘﻖ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻫﻠﻤﻬﻮﻟﺘﺰ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﮔﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺭ‬
   j k j 
kT
kj  
 kT
  2 x j m k m j kj 
  j 1
 kT   j 1    :‫ﻣﻰﺁﻳﺪ‬
x k N N

 x
i 1 j 1
i x j m i m j ij0

  (a disp RT )   4 9 i
 u   
j
 (18-‫)پ‬
 m k   D ij  

 x k

T ,V ,x i k    
 kT     
 i 1 j 1 
  u   
   j  u  j 1 
kT   4 9
i 1 j
 u        4 9
m    iD ij        D ij j  
  x k  i 1 j 1  kT      x k  i 1 j 1   kT  
  
  

‫ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ‬
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F a r a y a n d n o

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