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Chapter I - Introduction PDF

Here are the steps to estimate the required quantities: 1. Measure the dimensions of the balcony - length, width, height of railing. 2. Decide the design of railing - number of vertical bars, their spacing. 3. Calculate the length of each vertical bar considering its projection from the wall. 4. Calculate the length of horizontal bars connecting the vertical bars. 5. Add the lengths of all bars to get the total length of stainless steel required. 6. Mention the diameter/cross-section of bars. 7. Add 10% extra for wastage/cuts. Let me know if you need help with calculating the actual quantities. Proper measurement

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75 views

Chapter I - Introduction PDF

Here are the steps to estimate the required quantities: 1. Measure the dimensions of the balcony - length, width, height of railing. 2. Decide the design of railing - number of vertical bars, their spacing. 3. Calculate the length of each vertical bar considering its projection from the wall. 4. Calculate the length of horizontal bars connecting the vertical bars. 5. Add the lengths of all bars to get the total length of stainless steel required. 6. Mention the diameter/cross-section of bars. 7. Add 10% extra for wastage/cuts. Let me know if you need help with calculating the actual quantities. Proper measurement

Uploaded by

ThrowawayAcc Thapa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Prerequisite: Engineering Drawing I & II,

Construction material and concrete technology

ENVE 311 Valuation and Cost Estimation


1. Introduction: General, Systems of units, Units of measurement and payment for items of work and materials, Requirement of estimating.
2. Method of Estimating: Methods of measurement of building and civil engineering works, Subheads of various items of work; Various method
of taking out quantities: center line method, long and short wall method, crossing method; Abstracting bill of quantities.

3. Preparation of Detailed Estimate: Cost of items; Transportation cost, other expenses and overheads; Contingency.

4. Types of Estimate: Approximate estimate, Detailed estimate, Revised Estimate, Supplementary Estimate, Annual repair or Annual
maintenance estimates; Extension and improvement estimates; Complete estimates; Split up of cost of building works.

5. Analysis of Rate: Introduction, Purpose of rate analysis, Importance of rate analysis, Requirements of rate analysis, Factors affecting the
rate analysis, Procedure of rate analysis.

6. Detailed estimate: Estimate of walls, Estimate for a single room building, Estimate for a two room building; Estimate of earthwork by
three methods, Estimate of an Aqueduct, Estimate of RCC slab culvert, Estimate of RCC T beam Decking, Estimate of Septic tank and Soak
pit,

7. Valuation: Introduction, Purpose of valuation; Principles of valuation; Terms used in valuation; Methods of determining the value of
property; Methods of valuation report writing.
References:
• Estimating, Costing, Specification and Valuation in Civil Engineering. Monojit Chakraborti, R.K. Printers, 1963
• Civil Estimating Quantity Surveying and Valuation. Amarjit Aggrawal, Katson Publishing house, Ludhiana, 1985
• Estimating and project management for small construction firms” Seymour Berger and Jules B.Godel, Van Nosttradn Reinhold Publishing
company, Network, 1977.
Mode of Evaluation
• Active Class Participation (30%)
– Interaction in classes (online)
– Interaction in discussion forum (offline)

• Assignments or Take home exams (70%)


– Completion
– Creativity
– Clarity
– Uniqueness
– Hard work
Introduction
ENVE 311
Valuation and Cost Estimation
2 credits
What is an Estimate?

An estimate for any construction work may be defined as the process of calculating the quantities and costs of the various
items required in connection with the work.
What is an Estimate?
In case the funds available are less than the estimated cost the
work is done in part or by reducing it or specifications are altered.

The following requirement are necessary for preparing an


estimate.

1. Drawings like plan, elevation and sections of important points.

2. Detailed specifications about workmanship & properties of


materials etc.

3. Standard schedule of rates of the current year.


NEED OF ESTIMATION AND COSTING
1. Estimate give an idea of the cost of the work and hence its feasibility can
be determined i.e whether the project could be taken up with in the funds
available or not.

2. Estimate gives an idea of time required for the completion of the work.

3. Estimate is required to invite the tenders and Quotations and to arrange


contract.

4. Estimate is also required to control the expenditure during the execution of


work.

5. Estimate decides whether the proposed plan matches the funds available
or not.
NEED OF ESTIMATION AND COSTING
6. Estimates are required in order to obtain administrative approval,
allotment of funds and technical sanction. (For public construction works)

7. Estimates provides quantities of materials required for timely


procurement.

8. Estimates provides types and number of manpower, tools, plants and


equipment required for timely arrangement.

9. Estimates helps in justifying the investment from benefit cost ratio.

10. Estimate for an existing property is required for valuation.


An Estimate is never the actual cost of the work
• Probable cost of construction for a work
– Worked out form the dimensions on the drawings
– Standing rates at the time of preparation of the estimate

• Accuracy of an estimate depends on


– Careful study of the various dimensions on the drawings
– Methods of estimating
– Consideration of rates
– Probable cost considered for unforeseen works and laborers
– Quantity of tolerance of wastages
– Skills and experience of the estimator

• All expenses for all probabilities can be known after the completion of the
project

• Whatever method may be adopted, estimates are approximate in nature and


the difference between the estimated cost and actual cost is a vital issue,
which must be minimum (not more than 5%).
System of Unit
• The unit of different works depends on their nature, size and shape.
In general the units of different item of work are based on following
principle.
– Mass and voluminous and thick works shall be taken in cubic unit
or volume (viz. cubic meter, cu m., m3)

– Thin, shallow and surface work shall be taken in square unit or in


area. The thickness shall be specified in the description of the
item and the measurement of length and breadth or projection
shall be taken to calculate area (viz. square meter, sq m., m2)

– Long and thin work shall be taken in linear or running units, and
linear measurement shall be taken. (viz. running meter, rm.)

– Piece work, job work, etc. shall be taken in number.


Units of Measurement
Degree of Accuracy in estimating
Assignment
• Measure the size of brick available in your home town: What
is the volume (in m3) and cross section areas of the brick (in
mm × mm)?
• What is the height of the building you are residing on? (in ft)
• What is the internal and external area of your room (in ft ×
ft)?
• What is the volume of the carrier of tractor and tripper ?
• Estimate the quantity of Stainless steel hand railing required
for your balcony.

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