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Annual Distribution of Petrol

Nepal imports most of its oil, with diesel and gasoline making up 40% and 13% respectively of imports in 2006-2007. Kathmandu Valley consumes 21% of diesel and 70% of gasoline. Vehicle ownership is growing, with motorcycles making up 70% of the registered fleet. Substituting gasoline with E10 fuel could reduce gasoline imports by 3.5% annually for Kathmandu Valley by using the higher octane of ethanol to allow higher compression ratios with only a 3% reduction in fuel economy. Testing showed vapor pressure of gasoline increases significantly with rising temperature and increasing ethanol content in blends like E5 to E20.

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39 views4 pages

Annual Distribution of Petrol

Nepal imports most of its oil, with diesel and gasoline making up 40% and 13% respectively of imports in 2006-2007. Kathmandu Valley consumes 21% of diesel and 70% of gasoline. Vehicle ownership is growing, with motorcycles making up 70% of the registered fleet. Substituting gasoline with E10 fuel could reduce gasoline imports by 3.5% annually for Kathmandu Valley by using the higher octane of ethanol to allow higher compression ratios with only a 3% reduction in fuel economy. Testing showed vapor pressure of gasoline increases significantly with rising temperature and increasing ethanol content in blends like E5 to E20.

Uploaded by

ishwor
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Annual Petrol Consumption in Nepal

Nepal Oil Corporation imported 752,446 kL (kilo-litres; 1 kL = 1 m 3)of oil products in the form of diesel
(40%) and gasoline (13%) from India in 2006/2007. Kathmandu Valley consumes about 21% of the diesel
and 70% of the gasoline imported.

annual distribution of petrol


350,000

300,000 287,473
Annual Distribution of Petrol

253,381
250,000 223,087
202,427
188,082
200,000

150,000

100,000

50,000

0
2010-2011 2011-2012 2012-2013 2013-2014 2014-2015
Year

Thus dependency on oil and related import costs put a huge burden on the Nepalese economy.
Kathmandu Valley has around 56% of the total vehicle registration in Nepal. Almost 95% of the
Kathmandu Valley vehicle fleet is used for passenger transport and the other 5% for goods transport..
The motorized transport system includes mainly motorcycles (70%) and car/jeeps/vans (21%), and a
smaller number of buses (0.9%), mini-buses (0.9%), three-wheeler tempos (1.9%) and micro-buses
(0.5%).
8298
Details of Registration of Transport up to Fiscal Year
2046/47-070/71 in Bagmati16752 zone
bus
truck
60159
car/jeep/van
microbus
motorcycle

1720 93847

Substituting gasoline with E10 and E20 in the Kathmandu Valley

Kathmandu Valley consumes 70% of the gasoline imported to Nepal, or 2,01,231m 3 annually. Gasoline
vehicles can use E5–E10 fuel in current engine and equipment fuel systems with only minor
adjustments. According to the specific energy content of the fuel, anhydrous ethanol is expected to
reduce the fuel economy (km/L) of vehicles. However, since ethanol fuel has a high octane number
(ON), about 120 and thus much higher than gasoline (87–98), it has better combustion efficiency. The
ON of gasoline used in Nepal is 87 and E10 has 90 (addition of 10% ethanol increases the ON by 3.
Higher ON increases the compression ratio so that the fuel economy of E10 is only 3% lower than for
pure gasoline. In other words, the energy content of E10 is 3.3% lower than gasoline.

The volumetric equivalency between E10 and pure gasoline is as follows:

1 L pure gasoline=1.0354 L E10

Therefore, 0.9318 L of pure gasoline and 0.1035 L of ethanol are required to achieve the same energy
content of 1 L of gasoline. Using these values, we infer that substitution of the gasoline presently used in
the Nepal in yr 2014-2015 adds to a total of (2,01,231*1.0354)=2,08,354 of E10, which corresponds to
the blend of (2,08,354 *0.9318 )=1,94,144m 3 gasoline and 14,210 m3 of ethanol. Using E10 in nepal,
Kathmandu valley can save 7087 m3 of gasoline per year, which is a reduction 3.5% import.
Vapour Pressure Of Gasoline

For the measurement of vapour pressure experimental set up was made using copper flask, heating
rod, and manometer tube.

Copper
Flask Heating Rod

Manometer

Figure 1Vapour pressure meaurement set up

Data Table for VP measurement

Temp H2(cm) H1(cm) Height P= ρ∗g∗Δ H + Patm


Difference(cm) (KPa)
29 4.2 2.5 6.7 101.66
30 4.5 3 7.5 101.74
31 7.6 6 13.6 102.33
40 8 6.3 14.3 102.4
45 11.3 9.1 20.4 103.01
48 13.5 11.5 25 103.45
49 14.6 12.5 27.1 103.65
50 22 17.5 39.5 104.87
51 23 20.1 43.1 105.23
52 27.5 24.5 52 106.1
53 32 29 61 106.98
54 39.3 36 75.3 108.39
55 46.5 43 89.5 109.78

112

110

108
Vapour pressure (KPa)

106

104

102

100

98

96
29 30 31 40 45 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55

temperature deg celsius

At 180C, different blends were made E5,E10,E15,E20 and their vapour pressure trend was studied. Since
the manometer couldnot give the required data it was found that evaporation rate of gasoline
significantly increases with increase in ethanol content and rise in temperature.

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