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BU VMGO

BU VISION

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leaders and change agents for social
AN SC 1: INTRODUCTION TO ANIMAL SCIENCE transformation and development.

ANDRIAN G. SOLA
DEPA RT M ENT O F AGRI C ULT URA L S C I ENC ES
BUCAF

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BU VMGO BU QUALITY POLICY

BU MISSION
The Bicol University shall give professional Bicol University commits to continually
and technical training, and provide strive for excellence in instruction,
advanced and specialized instruction in research, and extension by meeting the
literature, philosophy, the sciences and highest level of clientele satisfaction and
arts, besides providing for the promotion
adhering to quality standards and
of scientific and technological researches.
(RA 5521, Sec. 3.0) applicable statutory and regulatory
requirements

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COURSE OUTLINE COURSE OUTLINE Animal Nutrition

I. Introduction ANATOMY AND

PHYSIOLOGY OF
II. Anatomy and Physiology (External) FARM ANIMALS
X. Digestive System
Integumentary System

III. Anatomy and Physiology (Internal) XI. Animal Nutrition

nutrition.basf.com
Skeletal and Muscular System
IV. Nervous System XII. Genetics and Animal Breeding Animal Breeding

V. Endocrinology
VI. Circulatory System XIII. Animal Biotechnology
VII. Respiratory System pinterest.com

VIII. Urinary System XIV. Animal Product and by-Products

Processing, Utilization, and Marketing husdyr.klv.dk
IX. Reproductive System
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I. INTRODUCTION I. INTRODUCTION
Course Learning Outcome
Specific Learning Outcomes:
Describe the whole animal industry, its role in
the society, the ecology of animals and its 3.Develop awareness on the status and
relationship with the changing climate; statistical profile of the animal industry in the
country and its economic importance
Specific Learning Outcomes
(4).State in verbatim or in their own words, the
1. Discuss the basic concepts and terminologies
VMGO and Quality Policy of Bicol University
in animal science
and be able to relate them - to their personal
- Discuss the role of animal production in the goals, and to their local and global community.
living environment

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I. INTRODUCTION I. INTRODUCTION
Learning Content: Animal Science is concerned with the science
and business of producing domestic livestock
1.1. Introduction to animal science
species, including but not limited to beef
1.2. Ecology of animals cattle, dairy cattle, horses, poultry, sheep, and
1.3. Livestock and climate change swine. An animal scientist applies principles of
nutrition.basf.com

the biological, physical, and social sciences to

1.4. Overview of the Philippine Animal Industry the problems associated with livestock
1.5 Terminologies production and management. (American
Society of Animal Science)

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I. INTRODUCTION I. INTRODUCTION
Animal Science is also concerned with foods of Animal Science - a general program that focuses
animal origin: meat, dairy foods, and eggs. In on the scientific principles that underlie the
addition, animal science is concerned with breeding and husbandry of agricultural
animals, and the production, processing, and
aspects of companion animals, including nutrition.basf.com
their
distribution of agricultural animal products.
nutrition.basf.com
nutrition, care, and welfare. (American Society Includes instruction in the animal sciences,
of Animal Science) animal husbandry and production, and
agricultural and food products processing.
(Food and Agricultural Education Information
Reporting System )

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I. INTRODUCTION WHAT IS ANIMAL SCIENCE?

Animal Husbandry - a branch of agriculture concerned
with the production and care of domestic animals Animal husbandry
(merriam-webster) is the art of working with farm animals.
Animal Husbandry - controlled cultivation, Animal science
management, and production of domestic animals, nutrition.basf.com

including improvement of the qualities considered is the scientific study of farm animals.
desirable by humans by means of breeding. Animals Biology is the study of life that seeks to provide
are bred and raised for utility (e.g., food, fur), sport, an understanding of the natural world.
pleasure, and research. (britannica) http://extension.missouri.edu

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WHAT IS ANIMAL SCIENCE? ANIMAL AND ITS ECOSYSTEM

Entomology Genetics Ecology
Bacteriology Embryology Engineering
Ethology Zoology Economics
Microbiology Botany Finance
Anatomy Agronomy Computer Science
Physiology Chemistry Communications
Nutrition Political Science
Law
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WHICH OF THESE ANIMALS WAS

ANIMAL AND ITS ECOSYSTEM DOMESTICATED FIRST?
Growing human population led to the intensification
of agricultural food production. List them in the order you think they were domesticated
- ecological imbalance on your notes page.
Cattle? Horses?
- periodical famine
Goats? Chickens?
- plants and animals are indispensable to humans
Pigs? Turkeys?
(ecological and biological importance; nutritional,
etc.) Guinea fowl? Sheep?
What’s your guess? http://extension.missouri.edu

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EARLY DOMESTICATION
HISTORY OF THE ANIMAL SCIENCE Humans began domesticating animals more than
10,000 years ago beginning with dogs.
INDUSTRY Early people found animals that form large herds or
flocks and eat a wide variety of feeds are easier to
domesticate.
Ruminants (cattle, sheep and goats) were the first food
animals to be domesticated followed by pigs, possibly
to dispose of table scraps and waste products.
Horses and cattle were domesticated primarily for
transportation and draft work purposes.
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SHEEP: DOMESTICATED 11,000-15,000 YEARS AGO SHEEP: DOMESTICATED 11,000-15,000 YEARS AGO

Domesticated in the mountains of Southeast Domesticated in the mountains of Southeast

Europe and Europe and

Central/Southwest Asia. These areas include the Favorable because of their wool and meat for
countries of: Greece, Kazakhstan, Turkey, which they are still used and bred today.
Hungary, Uzbekistan, Syria, Yugoslavia, Because of selective breeding for traits and other
Turkmenistan, Iraq , Romania, Tajikistan, results of domestication, sheep are the only
Bulgaria, Afghanistan and Iran species of livestock that would be unable to
return to the wild.
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CATTLE: DOMESTICATED 10,000-15,000 YEARS AGO HORSES: DOMESTICATED APPROX. 5,000 YEARS AGO

Domesticated near the boundary of Europe and Asia Horses were domesticated in Eastern Europe
and/or Southwest Asia
and Western Asia. This area includes the
This area includes the countries of: Russia, Turkey,
Ukraine, Syria, Moldavia, Turkmenistan, Iran, Iraq countries of Mongolia and Siberia.
In the beginning, cattle were used mainly for meat, Originally, horses were used for meat and milk,
milk and labor but eventually were replaced by but eventually became useful as pack and
horses in most of the draft work.
draft animals.
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EARLY DOMESTICATION
PIGS: DOMESTICATED 5,000 - 9,000 YEARS AGO
Goats
Pigs were first domesticated in the Middle East The goat was among the earliest animals
(Mesopotamia) in countries such as Syria, Iraq to be domesticated, around 6000 -
and Turkey and then spread across Asia, Europe 7000 B.C. in Western Asia.
and Africa. The goat could easily revert to its wild
Pigs were utilized more in settled farming state.
communities than in nomadic groups because
they are difficult to move for long distances.
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EARLY DOMESTICATION TIMELINE . . .

Chickens
Chickens were known in China more than 3,400
years ago and also in Southeast Asia (China,
Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand,
Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Burma)
Turkeys
Present
The turkey is the only North American domestic
animal and was domesticated in middle North
America.
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HISTORY OF ANIMAL AGRICULTURE THAT

INFLUENCED THE WORLD DOMESTICATION

1493 - Columbus brought livestock to the West Indies Domestication involves more than simply taming.
1519 - Cortez brought cattle and sheep to Mexico Animals are considered to be domesticated when:
1539 - De Soto brought horses and hogs to Florida they are kept for a distinct purpose
1641 - William Pynchon, Massachusetts, was first meat humans control their breeding
packer exporting salt pork their survival depends on humans
1760 - Robert Bakewell, England, began breeding they develop traits that are not found in the
animals for a purpose, created different types.
wild
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DOMESTICATION AGRICULTURAL VENTURES

Domestication allowed humans to
Contain animals with the right temperament
Have a steady food supply
Use animals for companionship, religious purposes WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES
and draft work
In return, the animals received protection and a
OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION

ENTERPRISE?
constant food supply.
Selective breeding occurred as humans got rid of AS AN
animals with undesirable traits, not allowing them
to reproduce.
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ADVANTAGES ANIMAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO SOCIETY

 FULL CONTROL OVER CLIMATIC ADVERSITIES
 FASTER INCOME RETURN
 EASY DETECTION OF DISEASE
 AVAILABILITY OF INPUTS
 LESSER SPACE REQUIREMENTS FOOD
 MINIMAL CAPITAL REQUIREMENT
 HIGHER SALES OUTPUT

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FOOD
They are converter, eat stuffs that humans
FOOD
cannot and convert these materials into Animal products have chemical composition that
food - meat, eggs, milk, other by-
products, etc. closely resemble dietary requirement and
Meat - MOST POPULAR MEAT IS PORK… therefore more digestible and nutrient. On the
• Mutton and chevon are eaten by more other hand, bioavailability of plant’s nutritional
people than any other meat substances to man is limited by its cellulose
• Beef is eaten in larger quantities than content (fiber). Only a fraction of biomass are
any other meat. fit for human consumption
• Many people eat horsemeat (ANSC1, UPLB)

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ANIMAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO SOCIETY ANIMAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO SOCIETY

As Food…
Certain religions restrict beef and pork Power – draft purposes/ farm works/ transportation
consumption (horses, ass, cattle, and carabao in asia); in
Hindus do not eat beef. developing countries
Muslim, Hind, and Orthodox Jews do not India has more than 200 million cattle and buffalo, but
because cattle are sacred in India, they are not
eat pork slaughtered for meat. These animals are used to
provide milk and milk products provide power for field work.
Also eggs.
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ANIMAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO SOCIETY ANIMAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO SOCIETY

Tools
Clothing Early man relied on bones and hides for tools.
Wool, hair, hides (leather), and pelts have commonly
Utensils
been used for clothing, housing and carpets.
Bladders, horns, catgut and dynamite are animal
products that are commonly used.
Shelter
Hair and hides provide material for shelter. For Personal Items
example, hides are used in teepees, while hair is Humans use animal products or by-products for jewelry
used in plaster (horsehair plaster) http://extension.missouri.edu and perfume.
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ANIMAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO SOCIETY ANIMAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO SOCIETY

War
Animals were used in war for transportation and Health
power Laboratory animals are commonly used for
research.
Religion
Miniature pigs have been used in laboratory
Some societies worship animals. research because they closely resemble
Recreation humans in their pulmonary, cardiac, dental
and even pre-natal brain development.
Companionship and hobbies or sports Cattle and sheep have been used to test
Source of Fuel artificial organs before use in humans.
Burn dry animal manure Humans also use animal products and by-
products in pharmaceuticals.
Biogas
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OTHER BY-PRODUCTS PHILIPPINE ANIMAL INDUSTRY

1. Wool 7. Insulin
2. Leather for diabetics
3. Candy and chewing gum from from livestock pancreas
animal fat 8. Heparin
4. Gelatin - from horns, hooves, for blood clotting
bones, and hides from livestock lungs
5. Glue, cosmetics, waxes, soap, 9. Candles
lubricants, brushes, etc. 10. Fertilizer
6. Animal feeds from scrap meat
and bones and blood meal

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For Livestock: For Poultry:

Backyard Farm refers to any farm or household Backyard Farm refers to any farm or household
whether farming or non-farming tending at least one whether farming or non-farming raising at least one
head of animal and does not qualify as a commercial bird of animals and does not qualify as a commercial
farm. farm.
Commercial Farm refers to any livestock farm which Commercial Farm refers to any broiler or layer farm
satisfied at least one of the following conditions:
 Tending at least 21 heads of adult and zero head of
which satisfied at least one of the following
young conditions:
 Tending at least 41 heads of young animals  500 layers, or 1, 000 broilers
 Tending at least 10 heads of adult and 22 heads of  100 layers and 100 broilers if raised in combination
young  at least 100 animals regardless of age (ducks)

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REFERENCES
https://www.asas.org/services/student-resources/what-is-animal-science
https://www.faeis.cals.vt.edu/newsletter/december_07/definition.htm
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/animal%20husbandry
https://www.britannica.com/science/animal-husbandry
http://extension.missouri.edu/adair/documents/Livestock/History%20of%20the%20
Animal%20Science%20Industry.pdf nutrition.basf.com

https://psa.gov.ph/
Lecture Syllabus in Animal Science 1 (UPLB)

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