CNC MACHINES ILLUSTRAION

CNC MILLING and LATHE MACHINE INSTRUCTION MANUALS

A. KEY DESCRIPTION
i) Function keys: these keys are located on the digitizer overlay to input, delete
and alter the part programs.
ii) Address and Numeric keys: these keys are the collection of letters, numbers
and symbols for writing part program in to the machine. With the shift key
you can select the second key function.
iii) Machine control keys: they are in the lower block of the digitizer overlay.
Depending on the used machine and accessories not all functions may be
active.
B. BASICS

Machine zero point (M)

 Unchangeable reference point

 Established by the manufacturer
 Origin of the coordinate system

Reference point (R)

 A position in the machine working area

 Maximum travel of the machine
 Determined exactly by limit switches
 Required after every power failure

Work piece zero point (w)

 Starting point for the dimensions in the part program

 Freely established by the part programmer
 Moved as desired with in the part program

Zero offset

 It is shifting the coordinate system from the machine zero point to a suitable point
in the working area of the machine (especially work piece zero point).
 The machine zero point is unsuitable as a starting point for dimensioning.
 The coordinate zero point will be shifted from the machine zero M to work piece
zero W.
 The value of the offset will be considered with call up in program (G54-G57).

Coordinate system (Right-Hand-rule)

 The X-coordinate lies in the direction of the longitudinal slide

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 The Y-coordinate lies in the direction of the cross slide

 The Z-coordinate lies in the direction of vertical slide

Input of the zero offset

Touch the work piece with the master tool in all axes directions and record the reading.

 Four zero offset can be entered for four different clamping device
 Press the soft key SETTING DATA in any mode
 Press the soft key zero offset
 The screen shows G54-G57,so select one.
 Z0 Additive-correction will be added

Tool data measuring

 The CNC use tool tip for positioning, not the tool mount reference point.
 Every tool which is used for machining has to be measured.
 The distances in both axis directions between tool mount reference point and tool
tip are to be measured.
 Every tool offset number D1-D99 is related to a tool.
Example: tool call in program: - T4D41
4-toot turret station
41-the tool correction is stored at
T-the position in the tool turret
D-the correction number belonging to the tool
-the tool offset number

Input of the tool data

 Measure every parameters of a tool.

 Select the soft key TOOL OFFSET in any mode.
 Select the tool offset number (D----) using page button.

C. OPERATING SEQUENCE

Survey modes

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 JOG Mode:-the tool/slide can be traversed manually.

 MDI-AUTOMATIC:-you can enter blocks of a part program in the
intermediate store.
 AUTOMATIC:-for working off a part program the control calls up block
and interprets.
 REFPOINT: - this mode is used to approach the reference point.

Approach the Reference point

 By approaching the reference point the control will be synchronized with the
machine.
 Select the REFPOINT mode
 Press the keys: +Z/-Z, +Y/-Y, +X/-X respectively.

Input of part programs

Part program can be entered in any modes

 JOG
 AUTOMATIC
 REFPOINT

Example: -input of a block: N05 G01 X30

N05------> block number

G01------> word

X30------> word

Program run

Start of a part program

 Before starting a part program the control and the machine must be ready for
running the program.
 Select AUTOMATIC mode
 Turn on automatic key
 Enter the part program number to be machined, e.g. %79
 Press the AUTOMATIC RUN key

Graphic simulation

 Nc programs can be simulated graphically

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 Press PART PROGRAM then EDIT soft keys

 Start simulation with soft key SIMULATION
D. PROGRAMMING

Program structure

 The CNC program is a sequence of program blocks which are stored in the
control.
 With machining of work pieces these blocks will be read and checked by the
computer in the programmed order.
 The corresponding control signal will be sent to the machine.

The CNc program consists of:

Program number
CNC blocks
Words
Address
Number combinations

Example:

%1234 -----------------------------------> Program number

N010 G01 X15 Y5 Z-17------------- > CNC block
Z-17 -------------------------------------> Word
Z -------------------------------------> Address

-17 -------------------------------------> Number (with sign)

CNC Milling Exercise Part Programs

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//These CNC codes /part programs/ are functional if it runs in CNC Milling machine of

sinumerik controller.

%1040 Sequence of operations

N00G55G71G90G94 -facing
N02G00Z10 -border cutting
N04M06T05D05 -make the slots
N06M03S1000
N08G00Y-22X10Z3 Cutting Tools
N10G01Z-1F120 40 dia. facing cutter
N12Y40 8 dia. end mill cutter
N14X40
N16Y10
N18G00Z10
N20M06T03D03
N22M03S1200
N24G00X2Y-2Z3
N26G01Z-5F100
N28Y48
N30X48
N32Y2
N34X0
N36G00Z10
N38G00X15Y15
N40G01Z-5
N42X35
N44G00Z10
N46G00X15Y35
N48G01Z-5
N50X35
N52G00Z10
N54M05

N56M30

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CNC TRAINING MANUAL 2017

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%1020 Sequence of operations

N00G54G71G90G94 -facing

N02G00Z10 -circle cutting

N04M06T05D05 -make the slots

N06M03S1000

N08G00X-22Y10Z3

N10G01Z-1F120 Cutting Tools

N12X10 40 dia. facing cutter

N14Y40 8 dia. end mill cutter

N16X0

N18G00Z10

N20M06T03D03

N22M03S1400

N24G00X6Y25

N26G01Z-4F100

N28G02X25Y44U19

N30X44Y25U19

N32X25Y6U19

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N34X6Y25U19

N36G00Z5

N38Y32X7.33

N40GO1Z-4F120

N42X42.66

N44G00Z5

N46Y18X7.33

N48G01Z-4

N50X42.66

N52G00Z10

N54M05

N56M30

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CNC TRAINING MANUAL 2017

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% 1030 Sequence of operations

N00 G90 G94 G71 G55 -facing

N02 G00 X10 Y10 Z20 -chamfering

N04 M06 T02 D02 -pocket cutting

N06 M03 S1200 F80

N08 G00 X-22.5 Y22.5 Cutting Tools

N10 G42 G01 Z-3 40 dia. facing cutter

N12 X22.5 angle cutter (45 deg.)

N14 Y-22.5 8 dia. end mill cutter

N16 X-22.5

N18 Y22.5

N20 G00 G40 Z20

N22 M06 T03 D03

N24 G00 X-12 Y0Z3

N26 G01 Z-6

N28 Y11

N30 G02 X-14 Y12 U1

N32 G01 X11

N34 G02 X12Y11 U1

N36 G01 Y-11

N38 G02 X11 Y-12 U1

N40 G01 X-11

N42 G02 X-12Y-11U1

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N44 G01 Y0

N46 X-6

N48 Y6

N50 Y-6

N52 X0

N54 Y6

N56 X6

N58 Y-6

N60 G00 Z10

N62 M05

N64 M30

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%3000
N00 G90 G95 G71 G55 N62 G01 X30 Y-1.5 sequence of operations

N02 G00 X10Y10Z10 N64 X44.15 -facing

N66 Y5.85 X51.5 -border cutting

N04 M06 T05D05
N68 Y20 -make profile
N06 G00 X-22 Y10
N69 X47.5
N08 M03 S1000 F0.3
N70 G02 X42.5 Y25 U5 Cutting Tools
N10 G01 Z-1
N72 G02 X47.5 Y30 U5 40 dia. facing cutter
N12 X40
N74 G01 Y20 8 dia.end mill cutter
N14 Y 40
N76 G01 X51.5
N16 X-25
N78 Y44.15
N18 G00 Z10
N80 X44.15 Y51.5
N20 M06 T03 D03
N82 X31
N22 G00 X0 Y-1.5
N84 Y40
N24 M03 S1300 F0.4
N86 G02 Y39X30 U1
N26 G01 Z-6
N88 G01 X20
N28 X51.5
N90 G02 Y40 X19 U1
N30 Y51.5
N92 G01 Y51.5
N32 X-1.5
N94 X25
N34 Y0
N96 Y40
N36 G00 Z10
N98 X20 Y51.5
N38 G00 X-1.5 Y10
N100 X5.85
N40 G01 Z-6
N102 X-1.5 Y44.15
N42 Y5.85 X-1.5

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N44 X5.85 Y-1.5 N104 Y30

N46 X19 N105 X2.5

N48 Y10 N106 G02X7.5Y25U5

N50 G02 X20 Y11 U1 N108 G02X2.5Y20U5

N52 G01 X30 N110 G01 Y30

N54 G02 X31 Y10 U1 N112 X-1-5

N56 G01 Y-1.5 N114 Y0

N58 G01 X25 N116 G00 Z10

N60 Y10 N118 M05

N120 M30

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CNC Lathe Exercise Part Programs

//These CNC codes /part programs/ are functional if it runs in CNC Turning machine of

sinumerik controller.

%1101
N00 G95 G90 G71 G55 N78 G01 Z-20 sequence of operations

N03 G00 X60 Z20 N80 G00 X3473 -facing

N05 M06 T01 D01 N83 X30 -turning

N08 G00 X50 Z-0.5 N85 G01 Z-20 -chamfering

N10 M04 S1000 F0.2 N88 G00 X3273 -drilling

N13 G01 X-1 N90 G01 X28Z0 -boring

N15 G00 X 48 Z3 N93 G01 X30 Z-1

N18 G01 Z-30 N95 G00 X50 Z10 Cutting Tools

N20 G00 X50 Z+3 N98 M06 T06D06 lathe turning tool

N23 X46 N100 M03 S500 8 dia. drilling tool

N25 G01 Z-30 N103 G00 X0 Z5 boring tool

N28 G00 X48Z3 N105 G01 Z-10

N30 X44 N108 Z20

N33 G01 Z-30 N110 G00 X50

N35 G00 X46Z3 N113 M06 T04 D04

N38 X42 N115 G00 X9 Z5

N40 G01 Z-30 N118 G01 Z-6

N43 G00 X44Z3 N120 G00 X7 Z5

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N45X40 N123 X10

N48 G01 Z-30 N125 G01 Z-6

N50 G00 X42Z3 N128 G00 X8Z5

N53 X38 N130 X11

N55 G01 Z-20 N133 G01Z-6

N58 G00 X4073 N135 G00 X9Z5

N60 X36 N138 X12

N63 G01 Z-20 N140 G01 Z-6

N65 G00 X3873 N143 G00 X10 Z5

N68 X34 N145 G00 X60 Z30

N70 G01 Z-20 N148 M05

N73 G00 X36Z-3 N150 M30

N75 X32

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CNC Lathe Thread cutting part program

Cutter approach (A) = (RPM x Lead x 0.006) +X tanβ where: X is depth of cut per pass

= 400x2x0.006x0.4x tan45 β is thread angle

= 4.2+0.4 lead is pitch (k)

= 4.6mm

So I need five pass to finish the thread, i.e. (0.4x5=2.0)

%1304
N00 G95 G90 G71 G55 N78 M06 T05 D05 sequence of operations

N03 G00 X60 Z20 N80 M04 S400 -facing

N05 M06 T01 D01 N82 G00 X36 Z10 -turning

N08 G00 X50 Z-0.5 N84 G00 X33.6 Z4.6 -threading

N10 M04 S1000 F0.2 N86 G33 X33.6 Z-25 K2 -drilling

N13 G01 X-1 N88 G00 X36 Z4.6 -chamfering

N15 G00 X48 Z3 N90 X33.2

N18 G01 Z-36 N92 G33 X33.2 Z- 25 K2 Cutting Tools

N20 G00 X50 Z3 N94 G00 X36 Z4.6 Lathe turning tool (T01)

N23 X46 N96 X32.8 8ф drilling tool (T06)

N25 G01 Z-36 N98 G33 X32.8 Z-25 K2 Threading tool (T05)

N28 G00 X48 Z3 N100 G00 X36 Z4.6

N30 X44 N102 X32.4

N33 G01 Z-36 N104 G33 X32.4 Z-25 K2

N35 G00 X46 Z3 N106 G00 X36 Z4.6

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N38 X42 N108 X32.0

N40 G01 Z-36 N110 G33 X32.0 Z-25 K2

N43 G00 X44 Z3 N112 G00 X36 Z10

N45X40 N114 G00 X60 Z30

N48 G01 Z-36 N116 M06 T06 D06

N50 G00 X42 Z3 N118 M03 S500

N53 X38 N120 G00 X0 Z5

N55 G01 Z-36 N122 G01 Z-10

N58 G00 X40 Z3 N124 Z20

N60 X36 N126 G00 X50 Z30

N63 G01 Z-36 N128 M05

N65 G00 X38 Z3 N130 M30

N68 X34

N70 G01 Z-36

N73 G00 X36 Z3

N75 G00 X60 Z30

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CNC TRAINING MANUAL 2017