I.

Arithmetic and Algebra

Chapter 1: The language and Tools of Algebra
Chapter 2: Solving Linear Equations
Chapter 3: Functions and Linear Equations
Chapter 4: Linear Inequalities and Graphs
Chapter 5: Word Problems in Real-Life Situation
6 Chapter 1

Exercise - Variables and Expressions

1 4
Twice the product of m and n decreased by the Mario received y text messages each minute
square of the sum of m and n . for 10 minutes yesterday and received t text
messages each minute for 20 minutes today.
Which of the following is an expression for the What is the total number of text messages he
statement above? received for two days in terms of y and t ?

A) 2mn − (m 2 + n 2 ) A) 30 yt

B) 2mn − (m + n) 2 B) 200 yt

C) (m + n) 2 − 2mn C) 20 y + 10t

D) 10 y + 20t
D) (m 2 + n 2 ) − 2mn

2 5

The product of a number x and four decreased Which of the following expressions represents
by twelve. the product of 3k and the sum of m and
one third of n ?
Which of the following is an expression for the
statement above? 1
A) 3km + n
3
A) 4 x + 12
1
B) 4( x + 12) B) 3k ⋅ (m + n)
3
C) 4( x − 12)
1
C) 3k (m + n)
D) 4 x − 12 3
1
D) 3k (m + n + )
3 3

The quotient of 19 and a number d increased

by seven.
6
Which of the following is an expression for the The difference between two numbers is eight.
statement above? If the smaller number is n to the third power
what is the greater number?
19
A) +7
d A) n3 − 8
d B) n3 + 8
B) +7
19
C) 8 − n3
19 + d
C)
7 D) 8n3

d +7
D)
19
8 Chapter 1

Exercise - Exponents and Order of Operations

1 5

[(7 2 − 9) ÷ 8]2 = 2c 2 (b + a )
What is the value of ( ) − 10 ×
a c
if a = −2 , b = 3 , and c = 5 ?

2 6

24 − 7 What is the value of 9 − 2 x ÷ ( z − y )3 if x = 4 ,

19 − 3[20 − × 8] =
4 y = −1 , and z = −3 ?

3 7

72 ÷ 32 ⋅ 2 7 ÷ ( q ) 2 ⋅ 2 − p + 6q − r
= What is the value of ⋅
6 2p −q
1
if p = 4 , q = , and r = 2 ?
2

4 8
1 c − 2(a + b) 1
53 − (12 + 12 ÷ 3) = What is the value of if a = − ,
2 (c − a ) 2
2
3 5
b= , and c = ?
2 2
10 Chapter 1

Exercise - Simplifying Algebraic Expressions

1 4
Which of the following expressions is equivalent Which of the following expressions is equivalent
2 1 to a (b − c) − b(a + c) − c(a − b) ?
to (a 2 − a − 3) + (a 2 + 2a + 6) ?
3 3
A) bc
A) a 2 B) 2ac
B) a 2 + a C) −2bc
C) a 2 − a D) −2ac

D) a 2 − 1

2 5
Which of the following expressions is equivalent Which of the following expressions is NOT
to 5.4( x − 2 y ) − 2.7( x − 3 y ) ? equivalent to 3[6a − 3(1 − a ) − 5(a + 1)] ?

A) 2.7( x + y ) A) 12a − 24

B) 2.7( x − y ) 1
B) 24(a − )
2
C) 2.7 x + 3.6 y
C) 12(a − 2)
D) 2.7 x − 3.6 y
1
D) 24( a − 1)
2

3 6
Which of the following expressions is equivalent
Which of the following expressions is NOT
1 3
to (2a + 3b + 4c) − (b + 2c) ? 2 1
2 2 equivalent to p − (2 p − 3q ) − ( p + 4q ) ?
3 3

A) a − 3c 2
A) − ( p − q )
B) a + 5c 3
C) a + c 2 2
B) − p+ q
D) a − c 3 3
2
C) − ( p + q )
3
1
D) − (2 p − 2q )
3
12 Chapter 1

Exercise – Rational, Irrational, and Decimal

1 4
Which of the following shows the numbers Which of the following is an irrational number?
arranged in increasing order?
A) −1.2
2
A) − 3, − 5, , 4, 10 4
3 B)
3
2
B) − 3, − 5, , 10, 4 C) − 16
3
D) − 10
2
C) −5, − 3, , 10, 4
3
2
D) , − 3, 10, 4, − 5 5
3
Which of the following is a rational number?

A) 1.6

49
B)
2 64

11 − 2(2 − 0.82 ) + 24 ÷ (−4) = C) 0.9

D) − 250
A) 1.68
B) 2.28
C) 2.78
6
D) 3.18
In three plays, a football team loses 5 yards and
then gains 32 yards by completing a pass. Then
a penalty was called and the team lost 10 yards.
How many yards did the team actually gain?

3
To the nearest cents, what is the value of
$500(1 + 0.045)8 − $500(1 + 0.04)8 ? 7

A B C
A) $25.45
−1.25 −0.4 x
B) $26.00
C) $26.77 On the number line above, if BC = 2 AB what
is the value of x ?
D) $28.25
The Language and Tools of Algebra 13

Chapter 1 Practice Test

1 4
Two less than the quotient of three and 5 1
What number is halfway between − and on
a number n 6 3
a number line?
Which of the following is an expression for the
statement above? 1
A) −
4
n
A) 2 −
3 1
B) −
3
n
B) −2
3 1
C) −
2
3
C) −2
n 5
D) −
12
3
D) 2 −
n

2 5
What is 4.4985 rounded to the nearest hundredth?
How much greater than n − 11 is n + 3 ?
A) 4.49
A) 8
B) 4.498
B) 10
C) 4.499
C) 12
D) 4.50
D) 14

3 6

Johnny received m text messages on Friday, three Which of the following expressions is equivalent
less than twice as many text messages on Saturday 1 1
to 3a + (b − 2c) − (2a + 3b) ?
than on Friday, and five more text messages on 2 2
Sunday than on Saturday. What is the total number
of text messages he received over the three days? 3 1
A) a− b−c
2 2
A) 4m + 2
3
B) 5m − 1 B) a+b−c
2
C) 4m − 2
C) 2a − b − c
D) 5m + 1
D) 2a + b − c
14 Chapter 1

7 10
How many minutes are there in 2h hours and x x x
6m minutes? If x = 10 , what is the value of + + ?
2 20 200

A) 60h + 12m
B) 120h + 6m
C) 60h + 6m
D) 120h + 60m

8 11
1. Add 5 to a number n . If x and y are positive integers and
2. Divide by 8. 2x + 5 y =
18 , what is the value of x ?
3. Subtract by 1.
4. Multiply by 8.

When the sequence of operations above has been

completed in order, which of the following is an
expression for the statement above?

A) n − 1
B) n − 2
C) n − 3
D) n − 4

9 12
Which of the following expressions is equivalent If a = 3 , b = −1 , and c = −2 , what is the value
to (2 y − x) − 2( y − 2 z ) − 4( x + z ) ?
a − 12 ÷ (2 − b)
of 7 − ?
c+3
A) −3x
B) −5x
C) −3 x + 8 z
D) −5 x − 8 z
20 Chapter 2

Exercise - Writing Equations

1 6
Eighteen more than the number n is 125. The sum of three fourths of the number a
What is the value of n ? and 24 is negative 9. What is the value of a ?

A) −44
B) −20
C) 20
2 D) 44
Twenty is 7 less than twice the number w .
What is the value of w ?
7

A number g is decreased by 23 and then

1
multiplied by . The result is 8 more than
2
twice the number g .

3
A) −13
Nine less than twice x is three more than x .
What is the value of x ? 34
B) −
3
29
C) −
3
D) −8

4
Eight less than four times the number c is twenty. 8
What is the value of c ?
The quotient of p and q is twelve less than
three times the sum of p and q .

Which of the following equations represents the

statement above?

p
5 A) = (3 p + q ) − 12
q
The sum of four consecutive odd integers is 296 .
What is the greatest of the four consecutive odd p
B) =12 − (3 p + q )
integers? q

p
C) = 3( p + q ) − 12
q

p
D) =12 − 3( p + q )
q
22 Chapter 2

Exercise - Solving Equations

1 6
−11 + x =9 Two and three fifths of a number equals −26 .
What is the number?
Given the above equation, what is the value of
20 − (11 − x) ?
A) −15
B) −10
C) −5
D) 10

2
If 33 − a = a + 27 − 5a , what is the value of
33 + 3a ? 7
There are one hundred forty-two students in a high
school band. These students represent two ninth
of the total students in the high school. How many
students attend the school?

A) 587
3
B) 613
1 3
If x + 3 = − x , what is the value of x ? C) 639
2 4
D) 665

8
4
820c + 380r =
4,360
If x − (3 − 2 x) + (4 − 5 x) =−7 , what is the value
of x ? The above equation models the amount of calories
in a snack of c cups of cashews and r cups of
raisins. The amount of calories per cup of cashews
is 820 and the amount of calories per cup of raisins
is 380. According to the equation, how many cups
of raisins are used, if 3 cups of cashews are used to
make the snack?
5
A) 3
If three quarters of a number decreased by twenty
is equal to eighty two, what is that number? B) 4
C) 5
D) 6
24 Chapter 2

Exercise - Solving Equations with Variables on Both Sides

1 5
If 7 n + 3 = 2n − 12 , what is the value of −n + 3 ? A $48 shirts costs $22 more than one half the cost
of a pair of pants. How much does the pair of pants
cost?

2 6

3 Twice a number n , increased by 11 is the same

If 7(h − 5) − 3h =h , what is the value as six times the number decreased by 9. What is
2
the value of n ?
1
of h ?
7

3 7
r s 39 One half of a number increased by 3 is five less
+ =
3 11 33 than two thirds of the number.

Given the above equation, if s = 2 , what is the

value of r ?

4 8

9 − 2k Four times the greatest of three consecutive odd

If = k − 2 , what is the value of k ? integers exceeds three times the least by 31.
3 What is the greatest of the three consecutive
odd integers?
26 Chapter 2

Exercise - Equation with No Solution and Identity

1 5
1 What is the value of n
If (9 − 6 x) =−
5 2 x , what is the value of x ?
3 7 3
if − (2n − 3) + 4n= (5 + 2n) ?
2 2
A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) The equation has no solution.

2 6

If 5( x − 2) − 3 x = 2( x − 5) , which of the following What is the value of k

must be true? 13 − 7(k + 1)
if = 3k − 2 ?
3
A) x is 3 .
B) x is 4 .
C) x is 5 .
D) The equation is true for all values of x .

3 7

1 What is the value of x

(15 − 6 x) =−
5 ax if −2[3 − ( x − 4)] + 5 x =2 − x ?
3
If the linear equation above is an identity, what
is the value of a ?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

4 8
4 x + 13 = 7( x − 2) + bx What is the value of m
if 0.4(5m − 9) =−5m − 4(0.3 − m) ?
If the linear equation above has no solution,
which of the following could be the value of b ?

A) −1
B) −2
C) −3
D) −4
28 Chapter 2

Exercise - Solving for a Specific Variable

1 4
If 2 x + 3 y =
18 , which of the following gives y ab − 1
If = c , which of the following gives b
in terms of x ? 3
in terms of the other variables?
2
A) y= 6 + x
3 3c + 1
A) b =
a
2
B) y= 6 − x
3 3c − 1
B) b =
a
3
C) y= 6 + x
2 3c
C) =
b +1
a
3
D) y= 6 − x
2 3c
D) =
b −1
a

2 5
If P= 2l + 2 w , which of the following gives w If gh − f = g − h , which of the following gives g
in terms of P and l ? in terms of the other variables?

A) w= P − 2l f +h
A) g =
B) w= P − l h −1
f −h
C) w=
P
−l B) g =
2 h +1

l f +h
D) w= P − C) g =
2 h +1
f −h
D) g =
3 h −1

a
If c = , which of the following gives a 6
a+b
in terms of b and c ? If n =a + (k − 1)d , which of the following
gives k in terms of the other variables?
bc
A) a =
1− c n − a +1
A) k =
d
bc
B) a =
1+ c n + a −1
B) k =
d
bc
C) a =
b−c n−a−d
C) k =
d
bc
D) a =
b+c n−a+d
D) k =
d
Solving Linear Equations 29

Chapter 2 Practice Test

1 4
5 4 1
If x = , what is the value of x ? =P F ( v 2 + 1)
6 5 2

The above equation gives pressure P, which

3
A) is exerted by a fluid that is forced to stop
2 moving. The pressure depends on the initial
2 force, F , and the speed of the fluid, v . Which
B) of the following expresses the square of the
3
velocity in terms of the pressure and the force?
24
C)
25 A) v 2 = 2( P − F ) − 1
25
D) B) v 2 = 2( P − F − 1)
24
P
C)=
v 2 2( ) − 1
F
P−F
D) v 2 = 2( )
2 F

When one half of the number n is decreased

by 4, the result is −6 . What is three times n
added to 7?

A) −7 5
B) −5 One half of the number n increased by 10 is the
C) −3 same as four less than twice the number.

D) −1
Which of the following equations represents the
statement above?

1
A) (n + 10) = 2(n − 4)
2
3
1
B) n + 10 = 2(n − 4)
If 4 − 7x is 5 less than 23, what is the value 2
of 3x ?
1
C) n + 10 = 2n − 4
2
A) −12
1
B) −9 D) (n + 10) = 2n − 4
2
C) −6
D) −3
30 Chapter 2

6 9
If a is b less than one-half of c , what is b a
in terms of a and c ? If = 1 , what is the value of a − b ?
b

1
A) c−a
2
1
B) a − c
2
C) 2a − c
10
D) c − 2a
When an object is thrown from the ground into
the air with an initial upward speed of v0 meters
per second, the speed v , in meters per second,
is given by the equation = v v0 − 9.8t , where t
is the time in seconds. The speed of an object
7 becomes 0 when the object reaches its maximum
If x = 1 − y and 3 x= 8 − 5 y , what is the value height. If an object is thrown upward with an initial
speed of 14 m/sec , how many seconds does it
of x ?
taken an to reach its maximum height?
(Round your answer to the nearest hundredth of
A) −2 a second.)
3
B) −
2
1
C) −
2
5
D)
2

11
When an object is dropped from a height of s
feet above the ground, the height h of the
8 object is given by the equation h = −16t 2 + s ,
where t is the time in seconds after the object
The quotient of a number and five equals nine
has dropped. If an object is dropped from a height
less than one half of the number. What is the
of 144 feet above the ground, how many seconds
number?
will it take to hit the ground?

A) −20
B) −10
C) 20
D) 30
Functions and Linear Equations 39

Exercises - Relations and Functions

1 4
What is the domain of the function that contains 1
points at (−5, 2), (−2,1), (0, 2), and (4, −3) ? If f ( x) =−2 x + 7 , what is f ( x + 3) equal to?
2

A) − x + 1
A) {−3, 1, 2}
B) − x + 3
B) {−2, 1, 0} C) − x + 5
C) {−5, − 2, 1, 2} D) − x + 10

D) {−5, − 2, 0, 4}

g (=
x) kx3 + 3
2
For the function g defined above, k is a constant
x y
and g (−1) = 5 . What is the value of g (1) ?
−5 7
−2 −1
A) −3
2 4
5 8 B) −1
C) 1
Which of the following relation is a correct D) 3
representation of the mapping shown above?

A) {(−5, 7), (−2, −1), (2, 4), (5,8)}

6
B) {(−5,8), (−2, 7), (2, −1), (5,8)}
1
If f ( x + 1) =− x + 6 , what is the value of f (−3) ?
C) {(7, −5), (−1, −2), (4, 2), (8,5)} 2

D) {(8, −5), (7, −2), (−1, 2), (8,5)}

3
If point (7, b) is in Quadrant I and point (a, −3) 7
is in Quadrant III, in which Quadrant is the point
( a, b) ? f ( x=
) x2 − b

In the function above, b is a constant.

A) Quadrant I
If f (−2) = 7 , what is the value of f (b) ?
B) Quadrant II
C) Quadrant III
D) Quadrant IV
Functions and Linear Equations 41

Exercises - Rate of Change and Slope

1 3
y The graph of the linear function f passes through
(−3,3) the points (a,1) and (1, b) in the xy - plane. If the
slope of the graph of f is 1, which of the
following is true?
x
O
(0, −1)
A) a − b =
1
B) a + b =
1
C) a − b =2
What is the rate of change shown in the graph
of the line above? D) a + b =2

4
A) − 4
3
What is the slope of the line that passes through
3
B) − (3, 2) and (−1, −8) ?
4
3
C)
4
4
D)
3 5
What is the value of r if the line that passes
through (4,3) and (−5, r ) has a slope of −1 ?
2

x −3 0 3 6
y −1 1 3 5

What is the average rate of change for the relation 6

shown in the table above?
What is the value of a if the line that passes
5
1 through (a, 7) and (1, a ) has a slope of − ?
A) 9
3
1
B)
2
2 7
C)
3 − x + 4 y =6
5
D) What is the slope of the line in the equation above?
6 .
Functions and Linear Equations 43

Exercises - Slope-Intercept Form and Point-Slope Form

3
Questions 1-3 refer to the following information. Which of the following is the equation of the line
in standard form?
y

A) 4 x − 3 y =
−4
(−4, 2)
B) 4 x + 3 y =
−4
x C) 3 x − 4 y =
−4
O
D) 3 x + 4 y =
−4
(4, −4)

The graph of a linear equation is shown in the

diagram above. 4
In 2005, 120 students at Lincoln High School
1 had smart phones. By 2010, 345 students in the
Which of the following is the equation of the line same school had smart phones. Which of the
in point-slope form? following best describes the annual rate of change
in the number of smart phones students had from
2005 to 2010 at Lincoln High School?
4
A) y + 4 =− ( x − 4)
3
A) The average increase in the number of smart
4 phones per year is 40.
B) y − 4 =− ( x + 4)
3 B) The average increase in the number of smart
3 phones per year is 45.
C) y − 2 =− ( x + 4)
4 C) The average increase in the number of smart
phones per year is 50.
3
D) y + 2 =− ( x − 4) D) The average increase in the number of smart
4
phones per year is 55.

2
Which of the following is the equation of the line 5
in slope-intercept form? Which of the following is the equation of the
line that passes through point (4, −1) and has
3 slope −2 ?
A) y =
− x +1
4
A) x + 2 y =
2
3
B) y =
− x −1 B) x − 2 y =
6
4
4 C) 2 x − y =
9
C) y =
− x +1
3 D) 2 x + y =7
4
D) y =
− x −1
3
Functions and Linear Equations 45

Exercises - Parallel and Perpendicular Lines

1 4
Which of the following equations represents A line passes through the points (−1, 2) and (5, b),
a line that is parallel to the line with equation and is parallel to the graph of the equation
y=
1
− x + 5 and contains the point (−2, ) ?
1 4x − 2 y = 13 . What is the value of b ?
2 2

A) x − 2 y =
−3

B) x + 2 y =
−1
5
C) 2 x − y =−5
y
D) 2 x + y =−3

(0,3)
(−4, b)

(2,0)
x
2 O

Which of the following equations represents

a line that passes through (7, 6) and is parallel (−1, −3)

to the x- axis? m 

A) x = 6 In the xy - plane above, line  is parallel to line m .

What is the value of b ?
B) y = 7

C) y = 7

D) y = 6

3 (−1, 4) t
Which of the following equations represents
a line that passes through (−5,1) and is parallel (2,1)
to the y - axis? x
O
(a, −2)

A) y = −5 (−4, −3)

B) y = 1 

C) x = −5 In the xy - plane above, if line  is perpendicular

D) x = 1 to line t , what is the value of a ?
Functions and Linear Equations 49

Exercises - Solving Systems of Linear Equations

1 4
Which of the following systems of equations
=
y 2x + 4
has infinitely many solutions?
x − y =−1

Which ordered pair ( x, y ) satisfies the system of A) x + y =

1
equations shown above?
x− y =
1

A) (−2, −3) B) −2 x + y =
1

B) (−3, −2) −2 x + y =
5

C) (−1, 2) 1 1
C) x− y =
1
2 3
D) (−2, 0)
3x − 2 y =
6

D) 2 x + 3 y =
1
3x − 2 y =
1
2

1
x+ y = 1
2
−2 x − y =
5 5

If ( x, y ) is a solution to the system of equations ax − y =0

above, what is the value of x + y ? x − by =
1

A) −2 In the system of equations above, a and b are

constants and x and y are variables. If the system
B) −1 of equations above has no solution, what is the
C) 1 value of a ⋅ b ?
D) 2

3 6

2 x − ky =
14 1
2x − y=
15
5x − 2 y =
5 2
1
ax − y =
10
In the system of equations above, k is a constant 3
and x and y are variables. For what values of k
In the system of equations above, a is a constant
will the system of equations have no solution?
and x and y are variables. For what values of a
will the system of equations have infinitely many
solution?
Functions and Linear Equations 51

Exercises - Absolute Value Equations

1 4
Which of the following expressions is equal to −1 For what value of x is 3 x − 5 =−1 ?
for some values of x ?
A) −2
A) 1 − x + 6 B) −1

B) 1 − x + 4 C) 0
D) There is no such value of x .
C) 1 − x + 2

D) 1 − x − 2

5
y

y = f ( x)

2
1
If 2 x + 7 =
5 , which of the following could be x
O
the value of x ?

A) −6
B) −4
The graph of the function f is shown in the
C) −2 xy - plane above. For what value of x is the value
D) 0 of f ( x) at its maximum?

A) −3
B) −1
C) 1
3
D) 3
For what value of x is x − 1 − 1 equal to 1 ?

A) −1
6
B) 0
C) 1 For what value of n is 3 − 3 − n equal to 3?

D) 2
52 Chapter 3

Chapter 3 Practice Test

1 4
Line  in the xy - plane contains points from
x −4 0 6
each of the Quadrants I, III, and IV, but no points
f ( x) −4 −1 k from Quadrant II. Which of the following must
be true?

In the table above, if f ( x) is a linear function,

A) The slope of line  is zero.
what is the value of k ?
B) The slope of line  is undefined.

A) 2.5 C) The slope of line  is positive.

B) 3 D) The slope of line  is negative.

C) 3.5
D) 4
5

x −3 −1 1 5
2
f ( x) 9 5 1 −7
1
The graph of a line in the xy - plane has slope
3
The table above shows some values of the linear
and contains the point (9,1) . The graph of a second
function f . Which of the following defines f ?
line passes through the points (−2, 4) and (5, −3) .
If the two lines intersect at (a, b) , what is the value
A) f ( x=
) 2x − 3
of a + b ?
B) f ( x) =−2 x + 3
A) −2
C) f ( x=
) 2x −1
B) 2
D) f ( x) =−2 x + 1
C) 4
D) 6

6
3
1
Which of the following expressions is equal to 0 If f ( x) =−6 x + 1 , what is f ( x − 1) equal to?
2
for some value of x ?
A) −3 x + 7
A) 5+ x+5 B) −3 x − 5
B) 5+ x −5 C) −3 x + 1
D) −3 x − 1
C) −5 + x + 5

D) −5 − x − 5
Functions and Linear Equations 53

Questions 7 and 8 refer to the following A line in the xy - plane passes through the point
information. 1
(1, −2) and has a slope of .Which of the
Height of a Paraglider 3
H following points lies on the line?
3,000
A) (3, −2)
Height (feet)

4
2,000 B) (2, − )
3
C) (0, −2)
1,000
8
D) (−1, − )
m
3
0 5 10 15
Time (minutes)
10
The graph above shows the relationship between the f ( x=
) ax + 2
height of paraglider H , in feet, and time m , in
minutes. In the function above, a is a constant. If
1
f (−1) =4 , what is the value of f (− ) ?
7 2
Which of the following represents the relationship
between H and m ?

A) H =
−100m + 3000
11
B) H =
−150m + 3000
If the slope of the line in the xy - plane that passes
C) H =
−175m + 3000 3
through the points (2, −4) and (6, k ) is , what
D) H =
−225m + 3000 2
is the value of k ?

8
If the height of the paraglider is 1,350 feet, which 12
of the following best approximates the time the
paraglider has been flying? 1 3
x− y = −11
3 4
A) 10 minutes 1 1
x+ y = −1
B) 10 minutes and 30 seconds 2 6
If ( x, y ) is the solution to the system of equations
C) 11 minutes
above, what is the value of x + y ?
D) 11 minutes and 30 seconds
62 Chapter 4

Exercises - Translating Words into Inequalities

1 4
If −3 + n ≤ 25 , which inequality represents the Nine is not more than the sum of a number and 17.
possible range of values for 4n − 12 ?
Which of the following inequalities represents
the statement above?
A) 4n − 12 ≤ −100
B) 4n − 12 ≤ 100 A) 9 ≥ 17n
C) 4n − 12 ≥ −100 B) 9 ≥ n + 17
D) 4n − 12 ≥ 100 C) 9 ≤ 17n
D) 9 ≤ n + 17

2 5
Which of the following numbers is NOT a solution The product of 7 and number n is no less
1 1 7 5 than 91.
to the inequality x − > + x ?
2 3 9 2
Which of the following inequalities represents
the statement above?
7
A) −
2 A) 7 n ≤ 91
5 B) 7 n < 91
B) −
2
C) 7 n ≥ 91
3
C) − D) 7 n > 91
2
1
D) −
2

−6 −4 −2 0 2
3
Which of the following inequalities represents
If −3a + 7 ≥ 5a − 17 , what is the greatest possible the graph above?
value of 3a + 7 ?
A) n ≤ −5
A) 16
B) n < −5
B) 14
C) n ≥ −5
C) 12
D) n > −5
D) 10
64 Chapter 4

Exercises - Compound and Absolute Value Inequalities

1 5
Which of the following numbers is NOT a solution Which of the following numbers is NOT a solution
to the inequality 3 − n < −2 or 2n + 3 ≤ −1 ? 1
to the inequality x − 1 ≤ 1 ?
2
A) −6
A) 0
B) −2
B) 2
C) 2
C) 4
D) 6
D) 6

Which of the following numbers is a solution to 6

the inequality 5w + 7 > 2 and 6 w − 15 ≤ 3(−1 + w) ?

−5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5
A) −1
B) 2 Which of the following is the compound inequality
for the graph above?
C) 5
D) 8 A) x < −2 or 4 ≤ x
B) x ≤ −2 or 4 < x

3 C) −2 < x ≤ 4

Which of the following is the graph of D) −2 ≤ x < 4

1
− x ≤ 5 and 7 − x > x + 1 ?
2

7
A)
−5 If
1
x − 1 ≤ − x + 5 , what is the greatest possible
4
B) value of x ?
4

C)
−5 4

D)
−5 4
8

3
4 If n − 2 < 1 and n is an integer, what is one
4
1 possible value of n ?
If −2 < n < −1 , what is the value of 7 + n
2
rounded to the nearest whole number?
66 Chapter 4

Exercises - Graphing Inequalities in Two Variables

1 3

y y

1 (−1,0)
x x
O 1 O
(0, −1)

Which of the following inequalities represents the Which of the following inequalities represents the
graph above? graph above?

A) x > −2 A) x + y < −1
B) x < −2 B) x + y > −1
C) y > −2 C) x + y ≤ −1
D) y < −2 D) x + y ≥ −1

2 4

y y

(0, 2) (1, 2)

(−3,0)
x x
O O

Which of the following inequalities represents the

Which of the following inequalities represents the graph above?
graph above?
A) 2 x − y ≥ 0
A) 2 y − 3 x ≥ 6
B) 2 x − y ≤ 0
B) 2 y − 3 x ≤ 6
C) x − 2 y ≥ 0
C) 3 y − 2 x ≥ 6
D) x − 2 y ≤ 0
D) 3 y − 2 x ≤ 6
68 Chapter 4

Exercises - Graphing Systems of Inequalities

1 3

 x − 2 y ≤ −2
 y − x ≥1 
  y < −x + 2
 y ≤ −2 x

y
y

section B section Q

section R
section C section P
section A x
x O
O

section S
section D

A system of inequalities and a graph are shown

A system of inequalities and a graph are shown
above. Which section or sections of the graph
above. Which section or sections of the graph
could represent all of the solutions to the system?
could represent all of the solutions to the system?

A) Section P
A) Section A
B) Section Q
B) Section B
C) Section R
C) Section C
D) Section S
D) Section D

4
2 y

Which of the following ordered pairs ( x, y )

II I
is a solution to the system of inequalities
y > x − 4 and x + y < 5 ? x
O
III IV
A) (4, −2)

B) (0, 2)
If the system of inequalities 2 − y < 2 x and
C) (5,3)
− x ≤ 4 − y is graphed on the xy - plane above,
D) (0, −5) which quadrant contains no solutions to the
system?

A) Quadrant II
B) Quadrant III
C) Quadrant IV
D) There are solutions in all four quadrants.
Linear Inequalities and Graphs 69

Chapter 4 Practice Test

1 4
The sum of 120k and 215 j does not exceed Which of the following inequalities is equivalent
2,500. to 0.6(k − 7) − 0.3k > 1.8 + 0.9k ?

Which of the following inequalities represents

the statement above? A) k < 10
B) k < −10
A) 120k + 215 j < 2,500 C) k > 10
B) 120k + 215 j > 2,500 D) k > −10

C) 120k + 215 j ≤ 2,500

D) 120k + 215 j ≥ 2,500 5

4m − 3 ≤ 2(m + 1) or 7 m + 23 < 15 + 9m

Which of the following numbers is a solution

2 to the compound inequality above?
One half of a number decreased by 3 is
at most −5 . A) 2
B) 3
Which of the following inequalities represents
C) 4
the statement above?
D) 5
1
A) n − 3 ≤ −5
2
6
1
B) 3 − n ≤ −5 y
2
1
C) n − 3 < −5
2 (0,3)
1
D) 3 − n < −5 x
2 (−4,0) O

3
Which of the following numbers is NOT
3b + 5 Which of the following inequalities represents the
a solution to the inequality ≥ b −8 ?
−2 graph above?

A) 0 A) 4 y − 3 x > 12
B) 1 B) 4 y − 3 x < 12
C) 2 C) 3 y − 4 x > 12
D) 3
D) 3 y − 4 x < 12
70 Chapter 4

7 9

2 y − 3x ≤ 6  y < ax + 1
 
 y > 1− x  y > bx − 1

y In the xy - plane, if (1, 0) is a solution to the

section B system of inequalities above, which of the
following must be true?
section C section A
I. a > −1

O
x II. a + b =0
III. b < 1
section D
A) I only
B) I and II only
A system of inequalities and a graph are shown
above. Which section or sections of the graph C) I and III only
could represent all of the solutions to the system? D) I, II, and III

A) Section A
B) Section B 10
C) Section C  y ≥ 12 x + 600

D) Section D  y ≥ −6 x + 330
In the xy - plane, if ( x, y ) lies in the solution set
of the system of inequalities above, what is the
8 minimum possible value of y ?

II I

x
O
11
III IV
If −6 ≤ 3 − 2 x ≤ 9 , what is the greatest possible
value of x − 1 ?
If the system of inequalities 3 ≥ x and −1 ≤ y
is graphed in the xy - plane above, which quadrant
contains no solutions to the system?

A) Quadrant II 12
B) Quadrant III
For what integer value of x is 4 x − 2 > 17 and
C) Quadrant IV 3 x + 5 < 24 ?
D) All four quadrants contain solutions.
78 Chapter 5

Exercises - Problem Solving Using Linear Models

1 4
At the beginning of a trip, the tank of Chloe’s To join Eastlake Country Club one must pay d
car was filled with 12 gallons of gas. When she dollars for a one time membership fee and pay
travels constantly on the highway 60 miles per w dollars for a monthly fee. If the first month is
hour, the car consumes 1 gallon of gas per 35 free for the club, what is the total amount, y ,
miles. If she traveled 5 hours and 15 minutes on
x months after a person joined the club, in terms
the highway with a constant speed of 60 miles
per hour, how many gallons of gas are left in the of d , w , and x ?
tank?
A) y= wx − 1 + d
A) 3
B) y= w( x − 1) + d
B) 4
C) y= d ( x − 1) + w
C) 5
D) 6 D) y = dx − 1 + w

2 5
A rock climber is climbing up a 450 feet high
From 1990 to 2000 The population of city A rose
cliff. By 9:30 AM. the climber reached 90 feet
from 12,000 to 28,000 and the population of city B
up the cliff and by 11:00 AM he has reached
rose from 18,000 to 24,000. If the population of the
210 feet up the cliff. If he climbs with a constant
two cities increased at a constant rate, in what year
speed, by what time will he reach the top of the
was the population of both cities the same?
cliff?

A) 1:45 PM
B) 2:00 PM
C) 2:15 PM
D) 2:30 PM

3 6
In 2005 a house was purchased for $280,000 and An empty 1,200 gallon tank is filled with water
in 2013 it was sold at $334,000. Assuming that at a rate of 6 gallons of water per minute. At the
the value of the house increased at a constant same time, another 1,200 gallon tank full of water
annual rate what will be the price of the house in is being drained at a rate of 9 gallons per minute.
the year 2018? How many minutes will it take for the amount of
water in both tanks to become the same?
A) $354,250
B) $361,000
C) $367,750
D) $374,500
80 Chapter 5

Exercises - Problem Solving with Equations

1 4
1
Distance to Finish Line David used of his monthly salary for groceries
(meters) 10
Jason −8t + 200
3
and of his remaining money for his car
18
Mary −7.5t + 200 payment. He also paid twice as much money for
rent as for his car payment. If David has $1,620
Jason and Mary are running on a 200 meter track. left after paying for groceries, car payment, and
The expressions in the table above show the rent, how much is his monthly salary?
distance to the finish line t seconds after they
started the race. How many meters will Mary have A) $3,240
left to finish the race when Jason is on the finish
line? B) $3,320
C) $3,480
A) 10.5 meters D) $3,600
B) 11.5 meters
C) 12.5 meters
D) 13.5 meters
5
In a school election, 680 students voted for one
2 of two candidates for president. If the winner
received 120 more votes than the loser, how many
At a bagel shop the first 6 bagels purchased cost votes did the winner receive?
55 cents apiece, and additional bagels cost c
cents apiece. If a customer paid $5.70 for 12
bagels, what is the value of c ?

A) 25
B) 30
C) 35
D) 40
6

3
3 If a gas tank contains 15 liters of gas and is full,
8
Manny bought c candies at a price of 70 cents how many additional liters of gas are needed to fill
each. He sold all but k candies at a price of up the tank?
$1.25, and made a profit of p dollars. Which of
the following represents p in terms of c and k ?

A) =
p 1.25(c − k ) − 0.7c

B)=p 1.25c − 0.7 k

C) p = 1.25c − 0.7(c − k )

D) =
p 1.25(c − k ) − 0.7 k
82 Chapter 5

Exercises - Solving Word problems Using Systems of Equations

1 4
Adam and Betty purchased a printer together for In a car dealership, all of the vehicles are either
$258. If Adam paid $18 less than twice Betty, a sedan or a SUV. If 36 sedans are sold and 36
how much money did Adam pay for the printer? SUVs are added, there will be an equal number
of sedans and SUVs. If 8 SUVs are sold and 8
A) 172 sedans are added, there will be twice as many
sedans as SUVs. How many sedans were at the
B) 166 dealership before any vehicle was sold?
C) 158
D) 146 A) 132
B) 144
C) 156
D) 168

2
There are 28 tables for customers at Mesa Grill
Restaurant. The tables are either two-seat tables
or four-seat tables. When all the tables are full,
there will be 90 customers in the restaurant. How
many two-seat tables are at the restaurant?
5

A) 11 At a coffee shop, a 16 ounce bag of coffee is on

sale at $5.25 less than the regular price. The cost
B) 13 of 4 bags of coffee at regular price is the same as
C) 15 the cost of 6 bags of coffee at sale price. Let r be
the regular price of coffee and s be the sale price
D) 17 of coffee. Which of the following systems of
equations can be used to find the values of
variables r and s ?

 s= r − 16
A) 
3 r = 6s
In a basketball, a field goal is either 2 or 3 points.  s= r − 5.25
In a college basketball tournament, Jim made 73 B) 
more 2-point field goals than 3-point field goals.  4r = 16
If he scored a total of 216 goals in the tournament
 s= r − 5.25
how many 3-point field goals did he make? C) 
 4r = 6 s
A) 12  s= r + 5.25
D) 
B) 14  4r = 6 s
C) 16
D) 18
84 Chapter 5

Exercises - Solving Word Problems Using Inequalities

1 4
Tom wants to rent a truck for two days and pay
no more than $300. How far can he drive the truck At a sporting goods store, Jay paid $172 for a pair
if the truck rental cost $49 a day plus $0.40 a mile? of shoes and a pair of pants. The pants cost less
than two thirds of what the shoes cost. What is the
minimum price of the shoes to the nearest dollar?
A) 490
B) 505
C) 520
D) 535

2
Tim has 140 paperback and hard cover copies in
his book shelf. If the hard cover copies do not
exceed one sixth the number of paperback copies,
what is the minimum number of paperback copies
in Tim’s book shelf?

A) 114 5
B) 116 Ty earns $14 an hour working on weekdays and
C) 118 $21 an hour working on weekends. If he wants to
make at least $600 by working a total of 36 hours
D) 120 in a week, to the nearest hour, at least how many
hours does he need work on the weekends?

3
The number of students in a geometry class is four
fifths the number of students in a Spanish class.
The total number of students in both classes does
not exceed 54. What is the greatest possible
number of students in the Spanish class?

A) 30
B) 32
C) 34
D) 36
Word Problems in Real-Life Situation 85

Chapter 5 Practice Test

3
Questions 1 - 3 refer to the following information.
Company B’s total cost, y, is the fixed amount
The manager of an apartment building needs an for a service call plus the hourly rates. If the
electrician to repair the power generator for the relationship between Company B’s total cost,
building. The table below shows the fixed amount y, and the number of hours, x , is graphed in
for a time service call and hourly charges for two the xy - plane, what does the slope of the line
different companies. represent?

Company Fixed amount Hourly Rate A) Fixed amount for a service call
for a service call
A $40 $55 B) Hourly Rate
B $75 $48 C) Total amount for one day
D) Total amount for repairing the power
generator
1
Which of the following equations gives the total
cost, y, of repairing the power generator in terms
of the total number of hours, x , from company A? 4
Apex Car Rental company charges a flat fee
A) =
y 48 x + 75 of $40.00 per day plus $0.75 per mile to rent
a car. Jason Car Rental company charges
B) =
y 75 x + 48 a flat fee of $64.00 per day plus $0.60 per mile
C) =
y 40 x + 55 to rent a car. If a car is rented for three days, at
how many miles would the rental charges of the
D) =
y 55 x + 40 two companies be the same?

A) 480
B) 450

2 C) 420

For what number of hours, x , will the total cost D) 380

of repairing the generator for company B be less
than or equal to the total cost of repairing the
generator for company A? 5
It took Sara a total of 42 minutes to jog from
5 home to the park and back again, by the same
A) x ≥
2 path. If she averaged 8 miles per hour going to
the park and 6 miles per hour coming back, what
5 is the distance from her home to the park?
B) x ≤
2
C) x ≥ 5 A) 2.4 miles
D) x ≤ 5 B) 2.8 miles
C) 3.2 miles
D) 3.6 miles
86 Chapter 5

6 9
Carl drove from his home to the beach at an A car averages 18 miles per gallon of gas for city
average speed of 50 mph and returned home driving and 27 miles per gallon of gas for highway
along the same route at an average speed of driving. What is the total number of gallons of
30 mph. His total driving time for the trip was gas needed to drive 6x miles in the city and 18x
2 hours. Solving which of the following systems miles on the highway?
of equations yields, x , the time it took for Carl
to drive to the beach and, y , the time spent for A) x
the return trip?
B) 2x
A) x= y + 2 C) 3.5x
50 x = 30 y
D) 4.5x
B) x + y = 2
30 x = 50 y

C) x + y = 2
50 x = 30 y
10
D) y= x + 2
30 x = 50 y One section of a grocery store display only water
bottles. The water bottles are in either 6-bottle
packages or 8-bottle packages. Let x represent
the number of 6-bottle packages and y represent
7 the number of 8-bottle packages. The total number
To join Ace Gym, one must pay a $180 of packages displayed are 270 and the total number
membership fee plus dues of $35 per month. of bottles are 1,860. To find the values of variables
To join Best Gym, one must pay a $300 x and y, which of the following systems of
membership fee plus dues of $23 per month. equations can be used?
At how many months would the total cost of
either gym be the same?
x+ y = 1,860
A) 
6 x + 8 y = 270
A) 7
B) 8 6 x + 8 y =1,860
B) 
C) 9 x + y = 270

D) 10 8 x + 6 y =1,860
C) 
x + y = 270

x+ y = 1,860
8 D) 
8 x + 6 y = 270
At a county fair the admission is $8.00 and each
ride costs $1.25. If you go to the fair with $20.00,
what is the maximum number of rides you can go
on?

A) 8
B) 9
C) 10
D) 11
II. Statistics and Data Analysis
Chapter 6: Ratios, Rates, and Proportions
Chapter 7: Percents
Chapter 8: Statistics
Chapter 9: Categorical Data and Probability
96 Chapter 6

Exercises - Ratios and Rates

1 4
3 1 The ratio of length to width of a rectangular garden
The ratio of 1 to 2 is equal to the ratio of 14 is 6 : 7 . If the perimeter of the rectangle is 78
4 2
to what number? meters, what is the area of the garden in square
meters?

A) 18
A) 274
B) 20
B) 326
C) 22
C) 352
D) 24
D) 378

2 5
The sum of two numbers is 14 and the ratio of A car travels 218.5 miles on 9.5 gallons of gas.
the two numbers is −3 . What is the product of What is the car’s gas mileage?
the two numbers?

A) −105
B) −119
C) −133
D) −147
6
At a grocery store, 20 fl oz of brand A vitamin
water is sold for $0.95. What is the unit price of
the vitamin water per ounce, to the nearest cents?
3
x
If 2( x − y ) =
3 y , what is the ratio ?
y

2
A)
5
4 7
B)
3
The density of aluminum is 2.7 grams per cm3 .
5
C) How many grams does 12 cm3 of aluminum
2 weigh?
8
D)
3
98 Chapter 6

Exercises - Proportions

1 4
On a map, 1 inch represents 5 miles. If a certain If Andy drove 84 miles in 1 hour 45 minutes,
state is represented on a map by a rectangle 10 how many miles can he drive in 5 hours?
inches by 7.2 inches, what is the area of the state
in square miles?

A) 360 mi 2

B) 720 mi 2

C) 1, 080 mi 2

D) 1,800 mi 2 5
A collection of quarters, dimes, and nickels is
worth $5.00. If the ratio of quarters to dimes to
nickels is 2 : 4 : 7 , how many quarters are there?

2
Together there are 754 students and teachers in
the meeting. If the ratio of students to teachers
is 27 : 2 , how many teachers are there?

A) 46
B) 52 6
C) 58 5 x x + 14
If = , what is the value of x ?
D) 64 3 2

Concrete is made by mixing cement, sand, and

gravel in the ratio 5 : 9 : 13. How much cement
is needed to make 324 ft 3 of concrete?
7
3
A) 54 ft A trail mix contains raisin, peanut, and chocolate.
The ratio of raisin to peanut is 2 : 3 and the ratio
B) 60 ft 3 of peanut to chocolate is 5 : 8 . What is the ratio
C) 84 ft 3 of raisin to chocolate?

D) 108 ft 3
100 Chapter 6

Exercises - Ratios, Rates, and Proportions Word Problems

1 4
If 20 machines produce 1,240 printers in a day, A 32-acre field yields 768 bushels of corn each
how many more machines are needed to produce year. How many more acres are needed to yield
1,984 printers in a day? 960 bushels of corn each year?

A) 12 A) 6
B) 20 B) 8
C) 24 C) 10
D) 32 D) 12

2
3 5
If quart of lemonade concentrate is mixed with
4
The length of a rectangle is 8 inches longer than
2
6 quarts of water to make lemonade for 40 the width. If the ratio of the length to perimeter
3 is 5 :16 , what is the area of the rectangle?
people, how many quarts of lemonade concentrate
are needed to make the lemonade for 24 people?
A) 160 in 2
3 B) 180 in 2
A)
10
7 C) 240 in 2
B)
20 D) 280 in 2
2
C)
5
9
D)
20
6
If 12 grams of coffee costs x dollars and each
3 gram makes y cups of coffee, what is the cost
of one cup of coffee in terms of x and y ?
1
A machine produced 735 tapes in 5 hours.
4
What fraction of the 735 tapes was produced 12 y
A)
in one hour? x
y
B)
1 12 x
A)
7
12x
4 C)
B) y
21
5 x
C) D)
21 12 y
2
D)
7
Ratios, Rates, and Proportions 101

Chapter 6 Practice Test

1 4
The density of an object is equal to the mass of A car is traveling at a constant rate of x miles
the object divided by the volume of the object. per hour. How many miles will the car travel
What is the mass, in grams, of an object with a in y minutes?
volume of 0.01 m3 and a density of 4.54 grams
per cubic centimeters? ( 1 m = 100 cm )
A) 60xy

A) 454 60x
B)
y
B) 4,540
C) 45,400 xy
C)
D) 454,000 60
y
D)
60 x

2
Jason and Donny painted a house and received
$1,200. To complete the painting job Jason painted 5
4 hours 25 minutes and Donny spent 2 hours and A tree is 8 feet tall and grows 8 inches each year.
15 minutes. If they split the $1,200 in proportion to In how many years will the tree reach a height
the amount of time each spent painting, how much of 30 feet?
did Donny receive?
A) 27
A) $405.00
B) 33
B) $443.00
C) 45
C) $472.00
D) 52
D) $492.00

3 Aaron reads x pages of a science fiction book in

m minutes. If he continues reading at this rate,
The tennis balls in a bag are either white or what will be the number of pages he reads in 20 m
yellow. If the ratio of white balls to yellow balls seconds?
3
is , which of the following could not be the
10
number of balls in the bag? 1
A) x
3
A) 26 1
B) x
B) 39 2

C) 42 2
C) x
D) 52 3
D) 2x
102 Chapter 6

7 10
x Steve is going to paint a wall that measures 9 feet
If = 1 , what is the value of x − y − 1 ? by 12 feet. If one gallon of paint is needed for each
y
s square foot of wall and each gallon costs g
dollars, in terms of s and g how much does it
A) −1 cost to paint the entire wall?
B) 0
C) 1 108
A)
D) The value cannot be determined from the gs
information given.
gs
B)
108
108s
C)
g
8 108g
D)
In a certain room the ratio of males to females is s
4 to 5. After 8 males enter the room, the ratio of
males to females is 6 to 5. What is the total number
of people in the room before the additional males
enter the room?
11
A) 27
If 2 inches are equivalent to 5 centimeters, how
B) 36 many square centimeters are in one square inch?
C) 45
D) 54

9
A person is born every 5 seconds and a person 12
dies every 12 seconds. How many seconds does
A large painting has a length of 18 inches and a
it take for the population to grow by one person?
width of 12 inches. If each dimension is reduced
by x inches to make the ratio of length to width
A) 7 sec 5 to 3, what is the value of x ?
4
B) 8 sec
7
C) 10.5 sec
5
D) 10 sec
7
110 Chapter 7

Exercises - Percent of Change

1 5

Which of the following is equivalent to 0.03 % The temperature increased from 60 F to 72 F .
of 4? What is the percent increase in temperature?

A) 0.12 A) 15%
B) 0.012 50
B) %
C) 0.0012 3
D) 0.00012 C) 20%
70
D) %
3

2
1
=
400
6
A) 0.25% This year’s enrollment in Mesa School District
B) 0.025% is 6,000, which is 20 percent higher than last
year’s. What was last year’s enrollment in Mesa
C) 0.0025% School District?
D) 0.00025%

3
The quantities x and y are positive. If x is
decreased by 20 percent and y is increased by
20 percent, then the product of x and y is

A) unchanged
B) decreased by 4% 7

C) increased by 5% If 125% of x is 80 and x is n % of 400, what is

the value of n ?
D) decreased by 6%

By what percent is 4.5 × 105 greater than 9 × 104 ?

A) 200%
B) 400%
C) 500%
D) 600%
112 Chapter 7

Exercises - Percents and Equations

1 6
28% of what number is 7? What percent of 12 is 8?

A) 60%
2
B) 66 %
3
C) 75%
2
1
3.6 is 240% of what number? D) 130 %
3

7
54 is 120% of k .

3 Which of the following proportions could be used

to solve the above expression?
1
% of 180 is what number?
2 100 54
A) =
120 k
54 120
B) =
100 k
100 120
C) =
54 k
4 120 54
D) =
1 100 k
3 % of what number is 2.5?
3

8
If Kevin’s monthly salary of $4,500 is 72 percent
of Paul’s monthly salary, what is Paul’s monthly
salary?
5
A) $3, 240
26.4 is 0.55% of what number?
B) $5,150
C) $5,870
D) $6, 250
114 Chapter 7

Exercises - Percent Word Problems

1 4
There are n candies in a jar. If one candy is Victor invests part of his $5,000 in a savings
removed, what percent of the candies are left account that pays 4.5% annual simple interest.
in terms of n ? He invests the rest in bonds that pay 8% annual
simple interest. Let s be the amount invested in
savings and r be the amount invested in bonds.
A) 100(1 − n)% Victor’s total income in one year from these
investments is $305.50. Which of the following
1
B) 100( − 1)% systems of equations represents this relationship?
n
1
C) 100(n − )% 0.045s + 0.08r =
5, 000
A) 
 s+r =
n 305.50
n −1
D) 100( )% 0.08s + 0.045r =
5, 000
n B) 
 s+r = 305.50

s+r = 5, 000
C) 
0.045s + 0.08r =
305.50
2
s+r = 5, 000
The price of a cellphone was discounted by 25% D) 
and then discounted an additional 20%, to become  0.08 s + 0.045r =
305.50
$348. What was the original price of the cellphone
before it was discounted twice?

A) $580.00
5
B) $620.00
A sporting goods store added 50% profit cost
C) $650.00 and 8% tax to the price of a backpack, which
D) $680.00 then became $129.60. What was the price of
the backpack before adding profit and tax?

3
A chemist mixes a 40% acid solution and a 30%
6
acid solution. How many liters of the 40%
solution must be added to produce 50 liters There are 800 students in a school and 45% of
of a solution that is 36% acid? the students are male. If 30% of the male students
and 25% of the female students play varsity sports,
A) 24 how many students play varsity sports?

B) 26
C) 30
D) 32
Percents 115

Chapter 7 Practice Test

1 4
A chemist mixes x mL of a 34% acid solution A tablet with a list price of x dollars is discounted
with a 10% acid solution. If the resulting solution by 15% and then discounted an additional 12%.
is 40 mL with 25% acidity, what is the value of x ? What is the final sale price of the tablet, in terms
of x ?
A) 18.5
A) 0.73x
B) 20
C) 22.5 B) 0.748x

D) 25 C) 0.75x
D) 0.765x

2 5

The price of a package of 4 pens is $8.00. The There is a total of n pairs of shoes in a store,
same pens are sold at $2.50 each. If Alex bought all of which are either black or brown. If there
three packages of pens rather than buying 12 pens are m pairs of brown shoes in the store, then
individually, the amount he saved on 12 pens is in terms of m and n , what percent of the shoes
what percent of the amount he paid? in the store are black?

A) 12% m
A) %
n
B) 20%
C) 25% n−m
B) %
n
D) 30%
100m
C) (1 − )%
n
m
D) 100(1 − )%
3 n

There are 600 bottles of sports drinks in a store.

25% of the bottles are orange flavored drinks.
On Monday 30% of the orange flavored drinks 6
in the store were sold and on Tuesday 20% of the The numbers a , b , and c are positive and a
remaining orange flavored drinks were sold. How
equals 3.2bc . If b is increased by 150% and c
many bottles of orange flavored drinks were sold
is decreased by 60%, then a is
in the two days?

A) 52 A) increased by 90%

B) 58 B) increased by 10%

C) 66 C) unchanged

D) 75 D) decreased by 10%
116 Chapter 7

7 10
There are 10 history books in a bookcase. When If 300% of 0.18 is equivalent to 20% of b ,
the number of books increases by x percent, the then b is equivalent to what number?
new number of history books is 24. What is the
value of x ?

A) 58
B) 70
C) 120
D) 140

8 11
Number n is 25 less than 120 percent of itself. Five people contributed $9,000 each toward the
What is the value of n ? purchase of a sailboat. If they ended up paying
$38,500 plus 8% sales tax for the boat, how much
money should be refunded to each person?
A) 125
B) 120
C) 105
D) 90

9 12
Of the 500 cars displayed in a certain car dealer, A store used to sell an MP3 for $72, which is 50%
7 percent are blue and 4 percent are red. The more than the wholesale cost. At a special holiday
number of blue cars in the car dealer are what sale, the price of the MP3 was 20% less than the
percent greater than the number of red cars? wholesale cost. What was the special sale price of
the MP3?
A) 30%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 125%
122 Chapter 8

Exercise - Mean, Median, Mode, and Range

1 4
The average (arithmetic mean) of a set of n
Test Scores 67 75 87 91 numbers is 19. If the average of the 6 greatest
numbers in the set is 29 and the average of the
Number of Students 1 3 2 2 remaining numbers is 7, what is the value of n ?

A) 9
The test scores of 8 students are shown in the
table above. Let m be the mean of the scores B) 10
and M be the median of the score. What is the C) 11
value of M − m ?
D) 12

A) −6
B) 0
5
C) 3
D) 6 The average (arithmetic mean) of m , n , and −1
is 0. What is the value of m + n ?

2
The average (arithmetic mean) of five numbers
n, n − 3, 2n + 1, 3n − 4 , and 5n + 10 is 8. Which
of the following is true?
6
A) median = 5 , range = 18
The average (arithmetic mean) test score for all
B) median = 5 , range = 25 the students in a class is 84. The average score
of m boys in the class was 79, while that of
C) median = 7 , range = 18 n girls was 87. What is the ratio of m to n ?

D) median = 7 , range = 25

3
The average (arithmetic mean) of two numbers is 7
1
x + 1 . If one of the numbers is x , what is the A student has an average (arithmetic mean) score
2 of 86 points for 4 tests. What total score does this
other number? student need in the next two tests in order to have
an average of 90 for all 6 tests?
A) x + 2
B) x − 2
C) −2
D) 2
124 Chapter 8

Exercise - Standard Deviation

The table above shows the frequency distribution of

Questions 1-3 refer to the following the number of children in each of 8 families.
information.
4
Let m be the mean of the data set above. What is
the value of m ?
2% 34% 34% 2%
14% 14%
m − 2d m−d m m+d m + 2d

The figure above shows a normal distribution with 5

mean m and standard deviation d , including Let d be the standard deviation of the data set
approximate percentages of the distribution above. What is the value of d ?
corresponding to the regions shown. Suppose the (Round your answer to the nearest hundredth.)
SAT math scores of 1,200 students entering a
certain university are normally distributed with
a mean score of 600 and standard deviation of 60.

1
6
Approximately how many of the students have
SAT scores between 660 and 720? Add 2 to each entry on the original list. Let ma
and d a be the new mean and the new standard
deviation of the data set. Which of the following
is true?
2
A) ma= m + 2 and d a= d + 2
Approximately how many of the students have
SAT scores less than 540? B) ma = m and d a= d + 2

C) ma= m + 2 and d a = d

D) ma = m and d a = d
3
Approximately how many of the students have
7
SAT scores greater than 720?
Multiply each entry by 2 on the original list.
Let m p and d p be the new mean and the new
standard deviation of the data set. Which of the
following is true?

A) m p = 2m and d p = 2d

B) m p = m and d p = d
Questions 4-6 refer to the following
information. C) m p = 2m and d p = d

Number of Children 0 1 2 3 4 D) m p = m and d p = 2d

Frequency 1 2 4 0 1
126 Chapter 8

Exercise - Graphical Displays

3
Questions 1-3 refer to the following If enrollment increases by approximately the same
information. percentage between 2000 and 2010 as it decreased
Enrollment for College R
between 1950 and 1960, what is the expected
enrollment in 2010?
Enrollment (in Thousands)

7
6
A) 7,250
5
4 B) 7,540
3 C) 7,650
2
D) 7,875
1

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000

Year

The line graph above shows the enrollment for

College R between 1950 and 2000.

1
According to the graph above, College R showed 4
the greatest change in enrollment between which
two decades?
14
Number of Teams

12
A) 1950 to 1960 10
B) 1960 to 1970 8
6
C) 1970 to 1980 4
D) 1980 to 1990 2

10 20 30 40 50 60
Number of Triples Hit by
Mjor League Teams

2
The histogram above shows the distribution of the
What is the average rate of increase in enrollment number of triples hit by 30 major league baseball
per decade between 1950 and 2000? teams in a certain year. Which of the following
could be the median number of triples represented
in the histogram?
A) 500
B) 600 A) 19
C) 750 B) 27
D) 875 C) 32
D) 34
128 Chapter 8

Exercise - Scatter Plots and the Regression Lines

3
Questions 1 and 2 refer to the following What is the median score of the 10 golfers?
information.

y A) 96
B) 97
C) 98
100
D) 99
Average Scores

90

80
x
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 4
Average Practice Time per Week
(in hours) Number of cars Repaired at
Jay's Motor, 2000 to 2008
The scatter plot above shows the average scores of
10 golfers and their weekly practice times. The line 5,000
of best fit is also shown.
Average Scores

4,000

1 3,000

What is the average score of the golfer that is 2,000

farthest from the line of best fit?
1,000

A) 93
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
B) 96
Year
C) 98
D) 99 According to the line of best fit in the scatter plot
above, which of the following best approximate
the year in which the number of cars repaired by
Jay’s Motor was estimated to be 4,500?

2 A) 1996
There are two golfers whose average practice B) 1998
time is the same. What is the difference between
their average scores? C) 2000
D) 2002
A) 4
B) 6
C) 8
D) 10
130 Chapter 8

Exercise - Populations, Samples, and Random Selection

Questions 1-3 refer to the following information.

Voted for Voted for Voted for

Candidate A Candidate B Other Candidates Total

Ages 18 to 30 84 46 30 160
Ages 31 to 55 72 90 48 210
55 years or older 31 76 23 130
Total 187 212 101 500

A polling organization takes a random sample of 500 voters who voted for the mayoral
election of a large western city. The organization gathered data right after the election, as
shown in the table above.

1 3

According to the data above, what percent of According to the data above, how many times more
people from ages 31 to 55 voted for candidate B ? likely is it for ages 18 to 30 year olds to vote for
candidate A than it is for ages 55 years or older
to vote for candidate A ?
A) 38%
B) 43% A) 2.2
C) 45% B) 2.4
D) 48% C) 2.6
D) 2.8

2
The total population of individuals in the city who
voted for the election was about 450,000. What is
the best estimate of the total number of votes for
candidate B ?

A) 144,000
B) 168,000
C) 190,000
D) 210,000
Statistics 131

Chapter 8 Practice Test

Questions 1-3 refer to the following 3

information. Among the four days marked 1, 2, 3, and 4 in
the scatter plot, on which day is the difference
90 between the high temperature and the low
temperature minimal?
3
High Temperature

80 4
2
A) Day 1
70 B) Day 2
C) Day 3
1
60
D) Day 4

50
50 60 70 80 90
Low Temperature

The graph above is a scatter plot with 8 points, each

representing the low temperature and high temperature 4
of 8 days in September in a certain city. Both the low
temperatures and high temperatures are measured in
degrees Fahrenheit. The line of best fit for the data is Number of Hours Worked by the
also shown. 20 Salespersons in Company G
9
Number of Sales Persons

1 8
7
Based on the line of best fit for the data shown, 6
how many degrees does the high temperature 5
increase when the low temperature increases by 4
one degree? 3
2
1
A) 0.9
30 34 40 45 50
B) 1.3
Hours Worked
C) 1.6
D) 1.8 Based on the histogram above, what is the average
number of hours worked by the 20 salespersons in
Company G?

2 A) 36
What is the predicted high temperature of the day B) 37
when the low temperature is 58?
C) 38

A) 65 D) 39

B) 68
C) 71
D) 74
132 Chapter 8

7
Questions 5 and 6 refer to the following
information.

Frequency Distribution for List A 34% 34%

2% 2%
Number 0 4 5 6 14% 14%
160 − 2d 160 − d 160 160 + d 160 + 2d
Frequency 8 10 12 10

The figure above shows a standard normal

Frequency Distribution for List B
distribution with mean of 160 and standard
Number 7 10 11 15 deviation d , including approximate percents
Frequency 10 8 10 12 of the distribution corresponding to the regions
shown. If the value 148 is at the 12th percentile
of the distribution, which of the following is the
best estimate of the standard deviation d of the
The table above shows the frequency distribution distribution?
of two lists. List A and list B each contain 40
numbers.
A) 5
B) 10
5
C) 15
What is the difference between the average of the
numbers in list B and the average of the numbers D) 20
in list A ?

A) 6.5
8
B) 7
The tables below give the distribution of ratings
C) 7.5 of two different laptops by 100 people each.
D) 8
Ratings of Laptop A by 100 Reviewers
Ratings 5 4 3 2 1
Frequency 28 45 11 7 9

6 Ratings of Laptop B by 100 Reviewers

List C contains 80 numbers: the 40 numbers in Ratings 5 4 3 2 1

list A and the 40 numbers in list B . Let m be Frequency 22 24 18 20 16
the average of 80 numbers in list C and M be
the median of 80 numbers in list C . What is the Which of the following is true about the data
value of m − M ? shown for the ratings of the two laptops?

A) 1 A) The standard deviation of the ratings of

laptop A is larger.
B) 1.5
B) The standard deviation of the ratings of
C) 2 laptop B is larger.
D) 2.5 C) The standard deviation of the two ratings
are the same.
D) The standard deviation of the two ratings
cannot be determined with the data provided.
140 Chapter 9

Exercise - Permutations and Combinations

Questions 1 and 2 refer to the following Questions 4 and 5 refer to the following
information. information.

A hiker is going to hike a mountain where there are Sixteen players participated in a tennis tournament.
four trails to the top of the mountain. Three players will be awarded for first, second, and
third prize.
1
4
In how many different ways can he hike up and
down the mountain? In how many different ways can the first, second,
and third prizes be awarded?

2
5
If the hiker does not want to take the same trail
both ways, in how many different ways can he How many different groups of 3 people can get
hike up and down the mountain? prizes?

3 6
In how many ways can the letters of the word How many different four-letter patterns can be
SUNDAY be arranged using only 3 of the letters formed from the word MATH if the letters cannot
at a time? be used more than once?
142 Chapter 9

Exercise - Rules of Probability

Questions 1 and 2 refer to the following Questions 4 and 5 refer to the following
information. information.

A bag contains 15 balls, numbered 1 through 15. Janis is making a flight reservation for her business
trip. The travel agent informs that the probability that
1 her flight to Phoenix will arrive on schedule is 90%
and the probability that her flight from Phoenix to
What is the probability of selecting a number that Atlanta will arrive on schedule is 80%.
is odd or a multiple of 5?
4
What is the probability that both flights arrive on
schedule?

2
A ball is selected at random then replaced in the
bag. A second selection is then made. What is 5
the probability that the first number is a prime
number and the second number is a multiple of 3? What is the probability that her flight to Phoenix
is on schedule but her flight from Phoenix to
Atlanta is not?

3 6
In a box of 12 headlamps 3 are defective. If
S ={−5, −2, −1, 4} T= {−2, 3, 7} you choose two headlamps without replacement,
what is the probability that both headlamps are
Product p= s ⋅ t is formed from the two sets defective?
above, in which s is a number from set S and t
is a number from set T . What is the probability
that the product s ⋅ t will be a positive number?
144 Chapter 9

Exercise - Categorical Data and Conditional Probabilities

Questions 1- 5 refer to the following information.

The table below shows the number of college faculty members in three departments: biological sciences,
education, and social sciences.

Biological Education Social

Total
Sciences Sciences
Male 10 26 19 55
Female 15 21 17 53
Total 25 47 36 108

1 4
What is the probability that a randomly chosen What is the probability that a randomly chosen
faculty member is a female given that she is from faculty member is from Biological Sciences given
Biological Sciences? that the faculty member is a male?

2
What is the probability that a randomly chosen
faculty member is a male or from Social Sciences?
5
For Biological Science and Education faculties
1 1
combined, of the female and of the male
6 4
faculty members are associate professors. If
a person is randomly chosen from these two
departments, what is the probability that a
3 faculty member is an associate professor?
What is the probability that a randomly chosen
faculty member is a female from Education
department or a male from Social Sciences?
Probability 145

Chapter 9 Practice Test

3
Questions 1-4 refer to the following If one student is randomly selected from the
information. group what is the probability that the student
is a male Economics major?
Economics History Music
Male 24 20 19 24
A)
Female 18 22 17 120
42
The table above shows the distribution of a group B)
120
of 120 college students by gender and major.
24
C)
42
1
24
If one student is randomly selected from the group, D)
63
what is the probability that the student is a History
major?

36
A)
120
40 4
B)
120 If a Music major is selected at random, which of
42 the following is closest to the probability that the
C) student is a female?
120
46 A) 0.298
D)
120
B) 0.315
C) 0.386
D) 0.472

2
If a male student is selected at random, which of
the following is closest to the probability that he
is a Music major?

A) 0.270
B) 0.302
C) 0.317
D) 0.381
146 Chapter 9

Questions 5 and 6 refer to the following Questions 7 and 8 refer to the following
information. information.

Under 30 30 or older Total Number of Visits to Movie Theaters by Students

Male 3 12 None 1 to 2 3 or more
Female 20 1
Juniors x 2x x
Total 8 24 32 2
y 5 1
Seniors y y
The incomplete table above shows the distribution 2 2
of age and gender for 32 people who entered a
tennis tournament. The table above summarizes the number of visits
to movie theaters by 168 juniors and 152 seniors
5 during summer vacation.
If a tennis player is chosen at random, what is the
probability that the player will be either a male 7
under age 30 or a female aged 30 or older?
If a student is selected at random from those who
visited movie theaters at least once, what is the
15 probability that the student is a junior?
A)
32
18 16
B) A)
32 39

20 18
C) B)
32 39
20
24 C)
D) 39
32
22
D)
39

6
If a person is selected at random from the 30 or
older player group, what is the probability that 8
the person is a female?
If a student is selected at random, which of the
following is closest to the probability that the
5 student is a senior and visited movie theaters
A) 1 or 2 times?
20
15 A) 0.156
B)
20
B) 0.205
9
C) C) 0.297
24
D) 0.324
15
D)
24
 II I. Advanced Math
Chapter 10: Law of Exponents and Polynomials
Chapter 11: Quadratic Functions
Chapter 12: Composition, Recursion, and Exponential Functions
Chapter 13: Polynomials and Radical Functions
Chapter 14: Rational Expressions
Chapter 15: Trigonometric Functions
Laws of Exponents and Polynomials 155

Exercises - Laws of Exponents and Scientific Notation

1 6

If (−a 2 b3 )(2ab 2 )(−3b) =

ka m b n , what is the (6 xy 2 )(2 xy ) 2
value of m + n ? 8x2 y 2

If the expression above is written in the form

ax m y n , what is the value of m + n ?

2
2 4
If ( a 2 b) 2 ( ab) −3 = ka m b n , what is the
3 3
value of k ?
7
If x is not equal to zero, what is the value
(2 x)3 (3 x)
of ?
3 (6 x 2 ) 2

( x)3 (− y ) 2 z −2 xm
If −2 3
= , what is the value
( x) y z yn z p
of m + n + p ?

If 8, 200 × 300, 000 is equal to 2.46 × 10n , what

4 is the value of n ?
If 2 x = 5 , what is the value of 2 x + 22 x + 23 x ?

5
9
(3x + 3x + 3x ) ⋅ 3x
240 6, 000 1
If × is equal to , what is
Which of the following is equivalent to the 80, 000 900, 000 5 × 10n
expression shown above? the value of n ?

A) 34 x
2
B) 33 x

C) 31+ 3 x

D) 31+ 2 x
158 Chapter 10

Exercises – Adding, Subtracting, Multiplying, and Dividing Polynomials

1 4

a (2 − a ) + (a 2 + 3) − (2a + 1) ( x3 − x 2 + 3 x − 3) ÷ ( x − 1)

Which of the following is equivalent to the Which of the following is the quotient of the
expression shown above? expression shown above?

A) 2 A) x 2 − 3
B) 4a
B) x 2 + 3
C) 2a + 2
C) x 2 − 2 x
D) 2a − 2
D) x 2 − 2 x + 3

2 5

(−m 2 n − n 2 + 3mn 2 ) − (m 2 n − n 2 + mn 2 ) −12

(14 x 2 + 9 x − 20) ÷ (ax − 1) = 7 x + 8 +
ax − 1
Which of the following is equivalent to the
expression shown above? In the equation above, a is a constant and
ax − 1 ≠ 0 . What is the value of a ?
A) 4mn 2

B) 4m 2 n

C) −2m 2 n + 2mn 2

D) 2m 2 n + 2mn 2

3 6

(2 x 2 − 3 x + 1) − (−2 x 2 − 3 x + 2) 6 x2 − 5x + 4 A
If =−2 x + 1 + , what is the
−3 x + 1 −3 x + 1
If the expression above is written in the form value of A ?
ax 2 + bx + c , in which a , b , and c are constants,
what is the value of a + b + c ?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
160 Chapter 10

Exercises – FOIL Method and Special Products

1 4
( x + 3)( x − 5) ( x + y )( x − y )( x 2 + y 2 )

Which of the following is equivalent to the Which of the following is equivalent to the
expression shown above? expression shown above?

A) ( x + 1) 2 − 14 A) x 4 − 2 x 2 y 2 + y 4

B) ( x − 1) 2 − 12 B) x 4 + 2 x 2 y 2 + y 4

C) ( x − 1) 2 − 16 C) x 4 + y 4

D) ( x − 2) 2 − 12 D) x 4 − y 4

2 5
(2 − 5 x)(5 x + 2) 3( a −b ) ⋅ 3( a + b )
What is the value of ?
32 a +1
Which of the following is equivalent to the
expression shown above? 1
A)
3

A) 25 x 2 − 4 B)
1
9
B) −25 x 2 + 4
C) 3
C) 25 x 2 − 10 x + 4
D) 9
D) −25 x + 10 x + 4
2

3 6
4 x − 12 xy + 9 y
2 2
2( a −1)( a +1)
What is the value of ?
2( a − 2)( a + 2)
Which of the following is equivalent to the
1
expression shown above? A)
16

A) (2 x 2 − 3 y ) 2 B)
1
8
B) (2 x 2 − 3 y 2 ) 2
C) 8
C) (2 x − 3 y ) 2 2
D) 16

D) (2 x − 3 y ) 2
Laws of Exponents and Polynomials 163

Exercises – Prime Factorization, GCF, and LCM

1 4

42 x 2 y 2 + 63 xy 3 If x and y are positive integers and 12=

3
2x ⋅ 3y ,
what is the value of x + y ?
Which of the following is equivalent to the
expression shown above?

A) 21x 2 y 2 (2 x + 3 y )

B) 21xy 2 (2 x + 3 y )

C) 21x 2 y (2 x + 3 y )

D) 21xy (2 x + 3 y )

2 5
12 x 2 y − 18 xy 2 z If 2 × 59 − k × 58 = 2 × 58 , what is the value of k ?

Which of the following is equivalent to the

expression shown above?

A) 6 xy (2 x − 3 yz )

B) 6 x 2 y (2 x − 3 yz )

C) 6 xy 2 (2 x − 3 yz )

D) 6 x 2 y 2 (2 x − 3 yz )

3 6
5a b − 10abc + 5bc
2 2
If 1299 − 1297 = 1297 × n , what is the value of n ?

Which of the following is equivalent to the

expression shown above?

A) 5b(a − b) 2

B) 5c(a − b) 2

C) 5a (b − c) 2

D) 5b(a − c) 2
Laws of Exponents and Polynomials 165

Exercises – Factoring Using the Distributive Property

1 4
mn − 5n − m + 5
1 + 2 x − x(1 + 2 x)
Which of the following is equivalent to the
Which of the following is equivalent to the expression shown above?
expression shown above?

A) (m − 5)(n − 1)
A) (1 − 2 x) 2
B) (m − 1)(n − 5)
B) (1 + 2 x)(1 − x)
C) (m + 5)(n + 1)
C) − x(1 + 2 x)
D) (m − 5)(5n − 1)
D) x(1 − 2 x)

2 5
What is the value of x , if rx + sx =
3 and 7 y 2 − 21xy − 2 y + 6 x
1
r +s =?
3 Which of the following is equivalent to the
expression shown above?
A) 1
A) (7 y − 3)( y − 2 x)
B) 3
C) 9 B) (7 y − 2)(2 y − 3 x)

D) 27 C) (7 y − 2)( y − 3 x)

D) (7 y + 2)(2 y − 3 x)

3 6

2ax − 6a − 3 x + 9 x − 2 y + 3 z − 2 wx + 4 wy − 6 wz

Which of the following is equivalent to the Which of the following is equivalent to the
expression shown above? expression shown above?

A) (2a − 1)( x − 9) A) (1 + 2 w)( x + 2 y − 3 z )

B) (2a − 3)(2 x − 3) B) (1 − 2 w)( x − 2 y + 3 z )
C) (a − 3)(2 x − 3) C) (1 + 2 w)( x − 2 y − 3 z )
D) (2a − 3)( x − 3) D) (1 − 2 w)( x − y − 3 z )
166 Chapter 10

Chapter 10 Practice Test

1 4

2( a + b )
2
1 1
9 , then ( x − ) 2 =
If ( x + ) 2 =
2 ( a −b )2 x x

Which of the following is equivalent to the A) 3

expression shown above?
B) 5
C) 7
A) 8( a + b )
D) 9
B) 8ab

C) 16a + b

D) 16ab
5

4 8
− 1
If 8 3 ⋅ 8 3 = , what is the value of m ?
2 2m
2m 2 n − mnp − 6m + 3 p
4
A) −
3
Which of the following is equivalent to the
expression shown above? B) −4
4
A) (2m − n)(mp − 3) C)
3
B) (2m − p )(mn − 3) D) 4
C) (2m + p )(mn + 3)

D) (2m − n)(mn − 3 p )

(−2 xy 2 )3
3 If xy ≠ 0 , then =
4 x4 y5
a +b 2 a −b 2
( ) −( ) =
2 2 xy
A) −
2
A) ab
2
B) −
B) −ab x
2ab + b 2 2y
C) C) −
2 x2
D) ab + b 2 2y
D) −
x
Laws of Exponents and Polynomials 167

7 10

If x12 = 32n 4 and x9 = 4n , then x = (2.1× 10−3 )(2 × 105 )

If −4
= 6 × 10n , what is the
7 × 10
A) 2n value of n ?
1
B) 2n 2
1
C) 4n 2
D) 4n

8 11
3 1
(3 x3 − 2 x 2 − 7) − (−2 x 2 + 6 x + 2) −
If a 4 = 8 , what is the value of a 2 ?

Which of the following is equivalent to the

expression shown above?

A) 3( x3 + 2 x − 6)

B) 3( x3 − 2 x − 9)

C) 3( x3 + 2 x − 3)

D) 3( x3 − 2 x − 3)

9 12

9 x − ( x − 3)( x + 12) x2 − x − a 8
= x +1−
x−2 x−2
Which of the following is equivalent to the
expression shown above? In the equation above, what is the value of a ?

A) 36 − 18x − x 2

B) 36 + 12x − x 2
C) (6 − x)(6 + x)

D) (6 − x) 2
Quadratic Functions 175

Exercises - Graphs of Quadratic Equations

3
Questions 1 and 2 refer to the following y
information.
=
y a ( x − h) 2
y
5
y = x2 − 6 x + 5
4
3
2
1 x
x O (4,0)
−3 −2 −1 O 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
−2
−3 In the xy - plane above, the parabola= y a ( x − h) 2
−4
−5 V has one x- intercept at (4, 0) . If the y - intercept
of the parabola is 9, what is the value of a ?
The graph of quadratic function y = x 2 − 6 x + 5 is
shown above.

1
Which of the following is an equivalent form
of the equation of the graph shown above, from
which the coordinates of vertex V can be
identified as constants in the equation? 4
In the xy - plane, if the parabola with equation
A) y =( x − 1)( x − 5) y = a ( x + 2) 2 − 15 passes through (1,3) , what
B) y =( x + 1)( x + 5) is the value of a ?

C) y = x( x − 6) + 5

D) y =( x − 3) 2 − 4

2
Which of the following is an equivalent form 5
of the equation of the graph shown above, that
The graph of the equation y = a ( x − 1)( x + 5) is
displays the x- intercepts of the parabola as
constants? a parabola with vertex (h, k ) . If the minimum
value of y is −12 , what is the value of a ?
A) y =( x − 1)( x − 5)

B) y =( x + 1)( x + 5)

C) y = x( x − 6) + 5

D) y =( x − 3) 2 − 4
178 Chapter 11

Exercises – Factoring Trinomials

1 4

x 2 − 2 x − 24 3x 2 + 7 x − 6

Which of the following is equivalent to the Which of the following is equivalent to the
expression above? expression above?

A) ( x + 3)( x − 8) A) (3 x − 2)( x + 3)

B) ( x − 3)( x + 8) B) (3 x + 2)( x − 3)

C) ( x − 6)( x + 4) C) (3 x − 1)( x + 6)

D) ( x + 6)( x − 4) D) (3 x + 1)( x − 6)

2 5

x 2 − 17 x + 72 2 x 2 + x − 15

Which of the following is equivalent to the Which of the following is equivalent to the
expression above? expression above?

A) ( x + 8)( x − 9) A) (2 x + 3)( x − 5)

B) ( x − 8)( x − 9) B) (2 x − 3)( x + 5)

C) ( x − 12)( x − 6) C) (2 x − 5)( x + 3)

D) ( x − 12)( x + 6) D) (2 x + 5)( x − 3)

3 6

− x 2 + 5 x + 84 −6 x 2 + x + 2

Which of the following is equivalent to the Which of the following is equivalent to the
expression above? expression above?

A) (12 − x)( x + 7) A) −(6 x + 1)( x − 2)

B) (12 + x)( x − 7) B) −(6 x − 1)( x + 2)

C) (21 + x)( x − 4) C) −(3 x + 2)(2 x − 1)

D) (21 − x)( x + 4) D) −(3 x − 2)(2 x + 1)

180 Chapter 11

Exercises – Factoring Differences of Squares and Perfect Square Trinomials

1 4

3 x 2 − 48 If x + y =
10 and x − y =4 , what is the value

Which of the following is equivalent to the of x 2 − y 2 ?

expression above?
A) 20
A) 3( x − 4)( x + 4) B) 24
C) 36
B) 3( x − 4) 2
D) 40
C) (3 x − 4)( x + 4)

D) (3 x + 4)( x − 4)
5

6 x 2 + 7 x − 24 =
0
2 If r and s are two solutions of the equation
above and r > s , which of the following is the
x − 6 x − 16
value of r − s ?
Which of the following is equivalent to the
expression above? 7
A)
6

A) ( x − 4) 2 B)
16
3
B) ( x − 4)( x + 4)
25
C)
C) ( x + 8)( x − 2) 6

D) ( x − 8)( x + 2) D)
20
3

3 6

If x 2 + y 2 =
10 and xy = −3 , what is the value x 2 − 3x =
28
of ( x − y ) 2 ?
If r and s are two solutions of the equation
above, which of the following is the value of
A) 12 r+s?
B) 16
A) −3
C) 20
B) 3
D) 25
C) 6
D) 9
182 Chapter 11

Exercises - Solving Quadratic Equations by Completing the Square

1 4

If x 2 − 10 x =
75 and x < 0 , what is the value k2
x 2 − rx =
of x + 5 ? 4

A) −15 In the quadratic equation above, k and r are

are constants. What are the solutions for x ?
B) −10
C) −5
r k 2 + 2r 2
D) 0 A) x= ±
4 4

r k 2 + 8r 2
B) x= ±
2 4
2
r k2 + r2
k C) x= ±
If x 2 − kx =
20 and x − = 6 , which of the 4 2
2
following is a possible value of x ? r k2 + r2
D) x= ±
2 2
A) 2
B) 4
C) 6 5
D) 8
If ( x − 7)( x − s ) = x 2 − rx + 14 for all values of x ,
what is the value of r + s ?

3
k
x2 − x=
5
3

Which of the following is an equivalent form of the

equation shown above, from which the equation
could be solved by completing the square?
6
k k k
A) x 2 − x + = + 5 If x 2 −
3
x + c = ( x − k ) 2 , what is the value of c ?
3 6 6 2
k k2 k2
B) x 2 − x+ = +5
3 9 9

k k2 k2
C) x 2 − x+ = +5
3 36 36

k k2 k2
D) x 2 − x+ = +5
3 6 6
Quadratic Functions 185

Exercises - Quadratic Formula and the Discriminant

1 4

( p − 1) x 2 − 2 x − ( p + 1) =
0  =
y bx − 3

=y ax 2 − 7 x
In the quadratic equation above, p is a constant.
What are the solutions for x ? In the system of equations above, a and b are
constants. For which of the following values of
a and b does the system of equations have exactly
1 + 2 − p2 1 − 2 − p2 two real solutions?
A) and
p −1 p −1

1+ 2 p A) a = 3, b = −2
B) and −1
p −1 B)=
a 5,=b 0
p +1 C)=a 7,=b 2
C) and −1
p −1
D)=a 9,=b 4
p +1 2 p +1
D) and
p −1 p −1

2 5
What is the sum of all values of x that satisfy What are the solutions to x 2 + 4 =−6 x ?
3 x 2 + 12 x − 29 =
0?
A) −3 ± 13
A) −4
B) −3 ± 5
B) −2
C) 2 C) −6 ± 5

D) 4 D) −6 ± 13

3 6

If the quadratic equation kx 2 + 6 x + 4 =0 has Which of the following equations has no real
exactly one solution, what is the value of k ? solution?

3 A) 5 x 2 − 10 x =
6
A)
2 B) 4 x 2 + 8 x + 4 =0
5
B) C) 3 x 2 − 5 x =
−3
2
1
7 D) − x 2 + 2 x − 2 =0
C) 3
4
9
D)
4
Quadratic Functions 187

Exercises - Solving Systems Consisting Linear and Quadratic Equations

1 3
y y = f ( x)
V
16
(0, )
3
( − a, b) ( a, b)

y = g ( x)

x x
(−4,0) O (2,0) O

The function f and g , defined by f (=

x) 2 x 2 + 2
The xy - plane above shows two x- intercepts, and g ( x) =
−2 x 2 + 18 , are graphed in the xy - plane
a y - intercept and vertex V of a parabola. If above. The two graphs intersect at the points (a, b)
the line passes through the points (2, 0) and V , and (−a, b) . What is the value of b ?
which of the following must be the y - intercept
of the line?
A) 6

A) 3 B) 8

7 C) 10
B)
2 D) 12
C) 4
9
D)
2
4

 x + y =
2 2
14
 2
2  x − y = 2

 =y x2 + x If ( x, y ) is a solution to the system of equations


 =
y ax − 1
above, what is the value of x 2 ?

In the system of equations above, a > 0 . If the

system of equations has exactly one real solution, A) 2
what is the value of a ? B) 3
C) 4
5
A) D) 5
2
B) 3
7
C)
2
D) 4
188 Chapter 11

Chapter 11 Practice Test

1 3
y y

B C
(0,6)

x
(−2,0) O (6,0) x
A(−1,0) O (3,0) D(8,0)

The graph of the quadratic function above shows

In the figure above, the vertex of the graph of
two x- intercepts and a y - intercept. Which of
the quadratic function is at (3, 0) . The points
the following equations represents the graph of
the quadratic function above? B and C lie on the parabola. If ABCD is a
rectangle with perimeter 38, which of the
following represents the equation of the parabola?
1
A) y =
− ( x − 1) 2 + 9
2
2
A)=y ( x − 3) 2
1 5
B) y =
− ( x − 2) 2 + 8
2
5
B) =y ( x − 3) 2
1 8
C) y =
− ( x − 2) 2 + 9
2
3
C)=y ( x − 3) 2
1 4
D) y =
− ( x − 3) 2 + 8
2
7
D)=y ( x − 3) 2
8

If ( x + y ) 2 =
324 and ( x − y ) 2 =
16 , what is the 4
value of xy ?
If (ax + b)(2 x − 5)= 12 x 2 + kx − 10 for all values
of x , what is the value of k ?
A) 33
B) 55 A) −26

C) 77 B) −10

D) 99 C) 24
D) 32
Quadratic Functions 189

7
Questions 5-8 refer to the following
information. What is the maximum height from the ground the
object will reach, to the nearest meter?
1
h=
− gt 2 + v0 t + h0
2 A) 103
B) 112
The equation above describes the motion of an object
thrown upward into the air. In the equation, g is the C) 125
acceleration due to gravity (9.8m/s 2 ) , t is the time D) 133
elapsed since the object was thrown upward, v0 is
the initial speed of the object, h0 is the initial height
from which the object was thrown, and h is the height
of the object above the ground t seconds after the
8
object was thrown.
How long will it take the object to hit the ground,
to the nearest second? (hint: Height of the object
is zero when the object hits the ground.)
5
Which of the following equations represents the A) 7
motion of the object, if the object was thrown
B) 8
upward from 40 meters above the ground with
an initial speed of 35 meters per second (m/s) ? C) 9
D) 10
A) h =
−9.8t + 40t + 35
2

B) h =
−9.8t 2 + 35t + 40

C) h =
−4.9t 2 + 40t + 35

D) h =
−4.9t 2 + 35t + 40
9

h=
−16t 2 + h0

6 The equation above describes the height of an

object t seconds after it dropped from a height
How many seconds will it take the object to reach
of h0 feet above the ground. If a hiker dropped
its maximum height? (hint: The function has a
b a water bottle from a cliff 150 feet above the
maximum point at t = − .) ground, how many seconds will it take to hit the
2a ground? (Round your answer to the nearest
second.)
15
A)
7
A) 2
20 B) 3
B)
7
C) 4
25 D) 5
C)
7
30
D)
7
198 Chapter 12

Exercises - Operations on Functions and Composition of Functions

1 4

If f ( x) = x 2 − 3 x − 1 and g ( x) = 1 − x , 1 − 5x
If f ( x) = and g ( x)= 2 − x , what is the
what is the value of f  g (−2) ? 2
value of f ( g (3)) ?
A) −3
B) −1 A) −7
C) 1 B) −2
D) 3 C) 2
D) 3

2 Questions 5 and 6 refer to the following

3 information.
If f ={(−4,12), ( − 2, 4), (2, 0), (3, )} and
2
g= {(−2,5), (0,1), (4, −7), (5, −9)} , what is x f ( x) g ( x)
the value of g  f (2) ?
−2 −5 0
A) −9 0 6 4
B) −7 3 0 −5
C) 1
D) 5 The table above gives values of f and g at
selected values of x .

5
What is the value of f ( g (−2)) ?

3
A function f satisfies f (−1) = 8 and f (1) = −2 .
A function g satisfies g (2) = 5 and g (−1) = 1.
What is the value of f ( g (−1)) ?

6
A) −2
What is the value of g ( f (3)) ?
B) 1
C) 5
D) 8
200 Chapter 12

Exercises - Recursive Formula

1 4
A sequence is recursively defined by If A0 is the initial amount deposited into a savings
=an (an −1 ) + 2 . If a0 = 2 , what
2 account that earns at a fixed rate of r percent per
year, and a constant amount of 12b is added to
is the value of a2 ?
the account each year, then amount An of the
savings n years after the initial deposit is made
A) 5 r
is given by the equation An = (1 + ) ⋅ An −1 + 12b .
B) 6 100
What is A3 , the amount you have in the savings
C) 8 three years after you made the initial deposit, if
D) 3 r = 5 , A0 = 12, 000 , and b = 400 ?

A) $23, 070.00
B) $26, 048.00
2 C) $29, 023.50
A sequence is recursively defined by D) $35, 274.68
f (an )
an +=
1 an − . If a0 = 1 , f ( x=
) x 2 − 3x ,
g (an )
and g ( x=
) 2 x − 3 , what is the value of a2 ?

A) −3 5

1 The number of gallons, Pn , of a pollutant in

B) − a lake at the end of each month is given by the
5
=
recursively defined formula Pn 0.85 Pn −1 + 20 .
C) 2
If the initial amount P0 of a pollutant in the lake
3 is 400 gallons, what is P3 , the amount of pollutant
D)
2 in the lake at the end of the third month, to the
nearest gallon?

A) 297

3 B) 285
C) 273
If =
f ( x) 2 x 2 − 1 , what is the value
D) 262
of f  f  f (2) ?

A) 10

B) 15

C) 21
D) 5
202 Chapter 12

Exercises - Exponential Functions and Graphs

1 2
During a decade of continuous drought, the water y
level of a lake has decreased by 10 percent each
30,000

Value of Cars (in dollars)

year. Which of the following graphs could model
the water level of the lake as a function of time? 25,000
Model A
20,000
A) y 15,000 (6, 12,000)
Model B
Water Level

10,000
5,000
x
x 2 4 6 8 10
O 5 10 Time (years)
Time (years)
In the graph above, each exponential curve
B) y represents the values, in dollars, of two different
cars as a function of time in years. At time t = 0 ,
Water Level

the price of model A was $30,000 and the price

of model B was $24,000. At time t = 6 , the price
of both models were $12,000.
x Based on the graphs above, which of the following
O 5 10 must be true?
Time (years)
I. At time t = 0 , the price of model A was
C) y 25% more than the price of model B .
Water Level

II. At time t = 0 , the price of model B was

20% less than the price of model A .
III. From time t = 0 to t = 6 , the average rate
x of decrease in the value of model A was
O 5 10 1.5 times the average rate of decrease in the
Time (years) value of model B .

D) y
A) I and II only
Water Level

B) I and III only

C) II and III only
x D) I, II, and III
O 5 10
Time (years)
3

If f ( x) = 12, 000(0.9) x and g ( x) = 14, 000(0.85) x ,

what is the value of g (2) − f (2) ?
204 Chapter 12

Exercises - Exponential Growth and Decay

1 4
The number of rabbits in a certain population A certain radioactive substance has a half-life
doubles every 40 days. If the population starts of 12 days. This means that every 12 days, half
with 12 rabbits, which of the following gives of the original amount of the substance decays.
the total number of rabbits in the population If there are 128 milligrams of the radioactive
after t days? substance today, how many milligrams will be
left after 48 days?
t
A) 12(2)( )
40 A) 4
40 B) 8
B) 12(2)( )
t C) 16
40
D) 32
C) 12(2) t
t
D) 12(2) 40

Questions 5 and 6 refer to the following

information.
2
Population P of a town is 80,000 this year. Evelyn deposited $3,000 into her bank account, which
If the population of the town decreases at a rate earns 4 percent interest compounded annually. She
of 4 percent each year, which of the following uses the expression $3, 000( x)t to find the value of the
expressions gives population P after t years? account after t years.

A) 80, 000(0.6)t 5

B) 80, 000(0.96)t What is the value of x in the expression?

C) 80, 000(0.96t )

D) 80, 000(1 − 0.04t )

3 6
A house bought ten years ago for $150,000 was Evelyn deposited the same amount into an account
sold for $240,000 this year. Which of the following that earns 5 percent interest rate compounded
equations can be used to solve the annual growth annually. How much more money than her original
rate r of the value of the house? deposit in the account with 4 percent interest rate
compounded annually will she have earned in 10
years?
r
A) =
240, 000 150, 000(1 + ) (Round your answer to the nearest dollar.)
10
B) =
240, 000 150, 000(1 + 10r )

C) =
240, 000 150, 000(1 + r )10

D) 240, 000 = 150, 000(r )10

Composition, Recursion, and Exponential Functions 205

Chapter 12 Practice Test

1 4

If f ( x) = 2 x and g ( x) = 2 x 2 , what is the value The half-life of a radioactive substance is the

amount of time it takes for half of the substance
of f ( g (1)) − g ( f (1)) ?
to decay. The table below shows the time (in years)
and the amount of substance left for a certain
A) −4 radioactive substance.

B) −2
Time (years) Amount (grams)
C) 2
D) 4 0 1, 200

14 850

28 600

42 425
2
56 300
If =
f ( x) 625 − x 2 and g= ( x) 225 − x 2 ,
what is the value of f ( f (5)) − g (( g 5)) ? How much of the original amount of the substance,
to the nearest whole gram, will remain after 140
years?
A) 0
B) 5 A) 85
C) 10 B) 75
D) 20 C) 53
D) 38

3 5
The population of a certain town doubles every A radioactive substance decays at a rate of 18%
25 years. If the population of the town was 51,200 per year. If the initial amount of the substance is
in 1980, in what year was the population 6,400? 100 grams, which of the following functions
models the remaining amount of the substance, in
A) 1855 grams, after t years?
B) 1880
A) f (t ) = 100(0.18)t
C) 1905
D) 1930 B) f (t ) = 100(0.82)t

C) f =
(t ) 100 − 100(0.18)t

D) f =
(t ) 100 − 100(0.82)t
206 Chapter 12

6
r t
5, 000(1 + ) Questions 8 and 9 refer to the following
100 information.

The expression above gives the value of an y

investment, in dollars, that pays an annual 500

Population of Insects
interest rate of r % compounded yearly.
5,000 is the initial amount and t is the number 400
of years after the initial amount was deposited.
Which of the following expressions shows the 300
difference between the value of a 15 year
investment at 6% annual compound interest and 200
a 12 year investment at 6% annual compound
100
interest?
x
5 10 15 20 25
 15 
Time (days)
A) 5, 000 (1.06)12 
 
The graph above shows the size of a certain insect
 (1.06)15  population over 25 days. The population at time
B) 5, 000  12  t = 0 was 100. A biologist used the equation
 (1.06) 
t

C) 5, 000 (1.06) − (1.06) 

15 12  f (t ) = 100(2) d to model the population.

D) 5, 000 (1.06)15−12 
8
What is the value of d in the equation?

7
The price P , in dollars, of a truck t years after
it was purchased is given by the function
t 9
1
P(t ) = 24, 000( ) 6 . To the nearest dollar, what
2 What was the population of the insect after 15
is the price of the truck 9 years after it was days, to the nearest whole number?
purchased?
216 Chapter 13

Exercises - Polynomial Functions and Their Graphs

1 4
If −1 and 1 are two real roots of the polynomial
x f ( x)
function f ( x) = ax3 + bx 2 + cx + d and (0,3) is
the y - intercept of graph of f , what is the value −4 −10
of b ?
−3 0

A) −3 −1 −4
B) −1 2 20
C) 2
D) 4 The function f is defined by a polynomial.
Some values of x and f ( x) are shown in the
table above. Which of the following must be
a factor of f ( x) ?

2
A) x + 4
What is the remainder of polynomial
B) x + 3
p ( x) =81x5 − 121x3 − 36 divided by x + 1 ?
C) x + 1
A) −76 D) x − 2
B) −36
C) 4
D) 6 5

x3 − 8 x 2 + 3 x − 24 =
0

For what real value of x is the equation above

true?
3
If x − 2 is a factor of polynomial
p ( x) = a ( x3 − 2 x) + b( x 2 − 5) , which of the
following must be true?

A) a + b =0
B) 2a − b =0 6

C) 2a + b =0 If x > 0 , what is the solution to the equation

x4 − 8x2 =
9?
D) 4a − b =0
Polynomial and Radical Functions 219

Exercises - Radical Expressions

1 4

−
1 Which of the following is equal to
Which of the following is equal to a 2 ?
8 + 18 − 32 ?

A) − a A) 2
1 B) 2 2
B)
a
C) 3 2
1
C) −
a D) 3

1
D)
a2

2 5

1 Which of the following is equal to

Which of the following is equal to ?
3− 2 2 (1 + 3)(2 − 3) ?

A) 3 − 2 A) 1 − 3
B) 3 + 2 B) 1 + 3
C) 3 + 2 2 C) −1 − 3
D) 3 + 4 2 D) −1 + 3

3 6

If ( x + 1)3 =
−64 , what is the value of x ? 5
Which of the following is equal to b 3 ?

A) −6
B) −5 A) b ⋅ b

C) −4 1
B) b ⋅ b 3
D) −3
C) b ⋅ 3 b

D) b ⋅ 3 b 2
Polynomial and Radical Functions 221

Exercises - Solving Radical Equations

1 4

11 − 2 x + 3 =8 5 x − 12 =
3 2

What is the solution set of the equation above? What is the solution set of the equation above?

A) 0 A) 2
B) 3 B) 4
C) 6 C) 6
D) 9 D) 8

2 5
1
−3 x + 4 =7 If a = 3 and 2 − 3 x =a , what is the value
3
of x ?
What is the solution set of the equation above?

A) −15
B) −12
C) −8
D) −6

3 6

x + 18 =x − 2 If k= 8 − 2 and 3
x−k =−2 , what is the value
2
What is the solution set of the equation above? of x ?

A) {−2}
B) {7}
C) {−2, 7}
D) {2, −7}
224 Chapter 13

Exercises - Complex Numbers

1 4
Which of the following is equal Which of the following is equal
to −1 − −4 + −9 ? 1 1
to (5i − 3) − (4i + 5) ?
2 3
A) i
3 5
B) 2i A) i−
2 2
C) 3i
7 7
D) 4i B) i−
6 3
7 19
C) i−
6 6
5 17
D) i−
2 6 6
Which of the following is equal
to −2 ⋅ −8 ?
5
A) −4i
If (4 + i ) 2 =a + bi , what is the value of a + b ?
B) 4i
C) −4
D) 4

3
Which of the following complex numbers is equal
3−i 6
to ?
3+i
3−i
If the expression is rewritten in the form
1 − 2i
9 3i
A) − a + bi , in which a and b are real numbers, what
10 5 is the value of a + b ?
9 3i
B) +
10 5
3 3i
C) −
5 5
4 3i
D) −
5 5
Polynomial and Radical Functions 225

Chapter 13 Practice Test

1 3

If the graph of f ( x) = 2 x3 + bx 2 + 4 x − 4 intersects What is the value of a if x + 2 is a factor

1 of f ( x) =
−( x3 + 3 x 2 ) − 4( x − a ) ?
the x- axis at ( , 0), and (−2, k ) lies on the graph
2
of f , what is the value of k ? A) −2
B) −1
A) −4
C) 0
B) −2
D) 1
C) 0
D) 2

2 y

(0,3)
y

(3,0)
y = f ( x) x
O

1
x
O 1

x2 + y 2 =
9
y=−( x − 3) 2
x+ y =
3
The function y = f ( x) is graphed on the xy - plane
above. If k is a constant such that the equation A system of three equations and their graphs on
f ( x) = k has one real solution, which of the the xy - plane are shown above. How many
solutions does the system have?
following could be the value of k ?

A) 1
A) −3
B) 2
B) −1
C) 3
C) 1
D) 4
D) 3
226 Chapter 13

5 8
Which of the following complex numbers is 2x + 6 = x + 3
(1 − i ) 2
equivalent to ?
1+ i What is the solution set of the equation above?

i 1 A) {−3}
A) − −
2 2
B) {−1}
i 1
B) − + C) {−3, 2}
2 2
C) −i − 1 D) {−3, −1}
D) −i + 1

9
What is the remainder when polynomial
6
1
3
p ( x) = 24 x3 − 36 x 2 + 14 is divided by x − ?
Which of the following is equal to a a? 2

2 A) 4
A) a 3 B) 6
4
C) 8
B) a3
5
D) 10
C) a3
7
D) a 3
10
The function f is defined by a polynomial. If
x + 2 , x + 1 , and x − 1 are factors of f , which
of the following table could define f ?
7

p( x) =
−2 x3 + 4 x 2 − 10 x A) B)
q( x) = x 2 − 2 x + 5 x f ( x) x f ( x)
−2 4 −2 0
The polynomials p ( x) and q ( x) are defined above. −1 0 −1 4
Which of the following polynomials is divisible by 1 0 1 0
x −1 ? 0 0
2 2

1
A) f= ( x) p( x) − q( x) C) D)
2
x f ( x) x f ( x)
1
B) g ( x) =− p( x) − q( x) −2 0 −2 0
2
1 −1 0 −1 0
C) h( x) = − p( x) + q( x) 1 4 1 0
2
1 2 0 2 4
D) =
k ( x) p( x) + q( x)
2
Rational Expressions 235

Exercises - Rational Expressions

1 4
If n ≠ 4 , which of the following is equivalent If x ≠ ±1 , which of the following is equivalent
n2
4n 1
to + ? 1−
n−4 4−n to x +1 ?
1
1+ 2
A) n x −1

n(n + 4) x −1
B) A)
n−4 x
n x +1
C) B)
n−4 x
n+4 x −1
D) C)
n−4 x2
x +1
D)
2 x2
If a ≠ ±1 , which of the following is equivalent
a 1
to 2 − ?
a −1 a +1 5
If x > 3 , which of the following is equivalent
1 x−3
A) to ?
a −1 1 1
−
1 x + 2 2x −1
B)
a +1
x−3
A)
2a − 1 ( x + 2)(2 x − 1)
C)
a2 −1
( x + 2)(2 x − 1)
1 B)
D) x−3
a2 −1
C) ( x + 2)(2 x − 1)

D) 2 x − 1
3
If y ≠ −1 and y ≠ 0 , which of the following is
y2 −1 6
equivalent to ?
1
1+ x 2 − xy x − y
y If ÷ 2 = ax 2 , what is the value of a ?
2x 3x
y −1
A)
y

B) y ( y − 1)

y
C)
y +1

D) y − 1
Rational Expressions 237

Exercises - Solving Rational Equations

1 4
x x−2 3 1
= + =
2
x −1 x +1 x − 3x
2
3− x

What is the solution set of the equation above? What is the solution set of the equation above?

A) −2 1
A) {− }
2
1
B) − B) {3}
2
1 1
C) C) {− , 3}
2 2
D) 2 1
D) {− , − 3}
2

2 5
x 4 1
−2 = If f ( x) = is undefined
x−3 x−2 ( x − a ) − 4( x − a ) + 4
2

when x = 6 , what is the value of a ?

What is the solution set of the equation above?

A) {0}

B) {2}

C) {0, 2}

D) {0, 4}

6
3 1
g ( x) =
1 2 −4 ( x + 3) 2 − 24( x + 3) + 144
− =
x x − 2 x − 2x
2

For what value of x is function g above

What is the solution set of the equation above? undefined?

A) −2
B) 0
C) 2
D) There is no solution to the equation.
Rational Expressions 239

Exercises - Direct, Inverse, and Joint Variations

1
Which of the following tables shows Questions 4 and 5 refer to the following
a relationship in which y is directly information.
proportional to x ? k
L= 2
d
A) x −2 0 2 B) x −2 0 2
The formula above shows the brightness of the light
y −1 1 3 y 5 0 −5 of an object, which varies inversely as the square of
the distance. L , measured in lumens, is the brightness
of the light and d , measured in meters, is the distance
from the object to the light source.
C) x −2 0 2 D) x −2 0 2
y −3 1 5 y 3 1 −1
4
At distance 2 meters from a light source, the
brightness of an object was measured at 9 lumens.
What is the value of k ?
2
A) 18
The distance it takes an automobile to stop varies
directly as the square of its speed. If the stopping B) 24
distance of a car traveling at 40 mph is 320 feet,
what is the stopping distance of a car traveling C) 32
at 50mph? D) 36

A) 360 ft
B) 420 ft
C) 500 ft 5
D) 580 ft The brightness of an object was measured d
meters away from a light source. The brightness
of the same object was measured 1.5d meters
from the light source. What is the ratio of
brightness of the object when it is close to the
3 light source to when it is farther away from the
light source?
If y varies inversely as x , and y = 12 when 9
x = 16 , what is the value of y when x = 100 ? A)
4
5
A) 1.2 B)
2
B) 3
7
C)
C) 4.8 4
D) 6.4 3
D)
2
242 Chapter 14

Chapter 14 Practice Test

1 3
If a ≠ b , which of the following is equivalent (k + 1) 2
a b = 4k
to + ? k
a −b b−a
What is the solution set of the equation above?
1
A) 1 A) {− }
3
a+b
B) B) {−1}
a −b
a+b 1
C) {− ,1}
C)
( a − b) 2 3
1
a 2 + b2 D) { , −1}
D) 3
( a − b) 2

4
3 x 2
− =
x x+2 x+2
2
What is the solution set of the equation above?
If x > 0 and y > 0 , which of the following is
1 1
− A) {2, − 3}
x y
equivalent to ?
1
−
1 B) {−2, 3}
x2 y 2
C) {−2}
xy D) {3}
A)
x − y2
2

2 xy
B)
x − y2
2
5
xy x 4 20
C) + =
x+ y x + 1 x − 4 x − 3x − 4
2

What is the solution set of the equation above?

xy
D)
x− y
A) {−4}

B) {4}

C) {−4, 4}

D) There are no solutions to the equation.

Rational Expressions 243

6 9
If x ≠ ±1 , which of the following is equivalent If x > 0 , what is the solution to the equation
1 1 3 1
1+ + = ?
to x −1 ? 2 x 10 x 2
5
1
1−
x +1

x −1
A)
x +1
x +1
B)
x −1

x2 − 1
C)
x2 + 1
10
x2 + 1
D)
x2 − 1 ab ab 2 1
If a ≠ b and ÷ =
− , what is the
a −b b−a 6
value of b ?
7
Working alone, Gary can load an empty truck in
3 hours. Working alone, his brother can load the
same truck in x hours. If Gary and his brother
worked together for t hours to load the empty
truck, which of the following equations can be
used to find out how much work was done during
t hours?
3
A) + xt
t
3 x
B) + 11
t t
1
C) 3t + xt a+
If 2 = 2 , what is the value of a ?
1
D)
1 1
t+ t a−
3 x 2

8
5
f ( x) =
2( x − 2) − 3( x − 2) − 2
2

What is one possible value of x , if function f

is undefined?
252 Chapter 15

Exercises - Trigonometric Ratios of Acute Angles

4
Questions 1- 3 refer to the following
information.
= BC
In the triangle shown below AB = 10
and AC = 12 .
B x y

10 10 Note: Figures not drawn to scale.

In the figures above y < x < 90 and

θ θ
A
12
C cos x = sin y  . If =
x 3a − 14 and =
y 50 − a ,
what is the value of a ?
1
What is the value of cos θ ? A) 16
B) 21
A) 0.4 C) 24
B) 0.6 D) 27
C) 0.8
D) 1.2

5
2
What is the value of sin θ ? B

c
a
A) 0.4
B) 0.6 C A
b
C) 0.8
D) 1.2 Given the right triangle ABC above, which of the
a
following is equal to ?
c
3
What is the value of tan θ ? I. sin A
II. cos B
3
A) III. tan A
4
4 A) I only
B)
3 B) II only
5 C) I and II only
C)
4
D) II and III only
5
D)
3
254 Chapter 15

Exercises - The Radian Measure of an Angle

1 3
y
y
A
P (1,1)

x x
O Q O D B

In the xy - plane above, O is the center of the

π
circle and the measure of ∠AOD is . If the
3
In the xy - plane above, O is the center of the radius of circle O is 6 what is the length of AD ?
circle, and the measure of ∠POQ is kπ radians.
What is the value of k ? A) 3

B) 3 2
1
A) C) 4.5
6
D) 3 3
1
B)
4
1
C)
3
4
1
D) y
2
A(3, 4)

x
2 O D B

π
Which of the following is equal to cos( ) ?
8 In the figure above, what is the value of
cos ∠AOD ?
3π
A) cos( )
8
3
A)
7π 5
B) cos( )
8
3
B)
3π 4
C) sin( )
8 4
C)
7π 5
D) sin( )
8 4
D)
3
258 Chapter 15

Exercises - The Trigonometric Functions and the Unit Circle

Questions 1 and 2 refer to the following Questions 3 and 4 refer to the following
information. information.

y y

P (−1, 3)
kπ
a
x
x O Q
O Q
P (− 3, −1)

In the xy - plane above, O is the center of the

In the xy - plane above, O is the center of the circle, and the measure of the angle shown is kπ
radians.
circle, and the measure of ∠POQ is a  .

1 3

What is the cosine of a ? What is the value of k ?

1 5
A) − A)
2 6

B) 3 7
B)
6
1
C) −
3 4
C)
3
3
D) 5
2 D)
3

2 4
What is the cosine of (a + 180) ? What is the value of tan(kπ ) ?

A) − 3 A) − 3

3 B) −1
B) −
2 1
C) −
1 3
C)
2 1
D)
1 3
D)
3
Trigonometric Functions 259

Chapter 15 Practice Test

1
Questions 1 and 2 refer to the following
B information.
y
1 3
P(− , )
2 2
θ
A C kπ

Note: Figure not drawn to scale. x

O Q

3
In the right triangle shown above, if tan θ = ,
4
what is sin θ ?
In the xy - plane above, O is the center of the
A)
1 circle, and the measure of ∠POQ is kπ radians.
3
3
1
B)
2 What is the value of k ?
4
C) 1
5 A)
3
3
D) 1
5 B)
2
2
C)
2 3
3
B D)
4

s
4

C A What is cos(k + 1)π ?

s

In the isosceles right triangle shown above, what 1

A)
is tan ∠A ? 3
1
A) s B)
2
1
B) 3
s C)
2
C) 1
D) 3
s
D)
2
260 Chapter 15

5 7
B In triangle ABC , the measure of ∠C is 90 ,
AC = 24 , and BC = 10 . What is the value of
sin A ?

A D C

In triangle ABC above, AC ⊥ BD . Which

of the following does not represent the area
of triangle ABC ?

1
A) ( AB cos ∠A + BC cos ∠C )( AB cos ∠ABD)
2 8
1 B
B) ( AB cos ∠A + BC cos ∠C )( BC sin ∠C )
2
1
C) ( AB sin ∠ABD + BC sin ∠CBD)( AB sin ∠A)
2 x
C A
1
D) ( AB sin ∠ABD + BC sin ∠CBD)( BC cos ∠C )
2 In the right triangle ABC above, the cosine of x
3
is . If BC = 12 , what is the length of AC ?
5
6

20

x x
A C
24

In the isosceles triangle above, what is the value

9
of sin x ?
If sin(5 x − 10)= cos(3 x + 16) , what is the value
of x ?
1
A)
2
3
B)
5
2
C)
3
4
D)
5
 IV. Geometry
Chapter 16: Lines and Angles
Chapter 17: Triangles
Chapter 18: Polygons
Chapter 19: Circles
Chapter 20: Surface Area and Volumes
268 Chapter 16

Exercises - Lines, Segments, and Rays

1
3
x+3 2x −1
P Q R
A B C D
In the figure above, Q is the midpoint of PR .
If PQ= x + 3 and QR = 2 x − 1 , what is the In the figure above, which of the following are
length of segment PR ? opposite rays?

A) 4 A) Ray AB and Ray CD

B) 7 B) Ray CA and Ray CD
C) 11 C) Ray DA and Ray AD
D) 14 D) Ray CA and Ray BD

2
4

P Q R S
x+3 3x − 6

Note: Figure not drawn to scale. A B C

Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

On the segment PS above, PR = 12 , QS = 16 ,
1 2
and QR = PS . What is the length of PS ? In the figure above, AB = BC . What is the length
3 3
of AC ?
A) 19
A) 15
B) 20
B) 18
C) 21
C) 21
D) 22
D) 25
270 Chapter 16

Exercises - Angles

1 3

C

40  ( x − 90)
B

D O A
In the figure above, what is the value of x ?

Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

A) 140
B) 160 In the figure above, ray OB bisects ∠COA .
If m∠DOB =11x + 6 and m∠COA = 8 x − 12 ,
C) 190 what is the measure of ∠DOC ?
D) 230
A) 92
B) 96
C) 102
D) 108
2

4
x (3 y − 8)
(5 x − 12) D
E

Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

A B C

In the figure above, what is the values of y ?

Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

A) 52
In the figure above, m∠ABE = 120 and
B) 60
m∠CBD = 135 . What is the measure of ∠DBE ?
C) 68
D) 76 A) 63
B) 68
C) 75
D) 79
272 Chapter 16

Exercises - Parallel and Perpendicular Lines

1 3

r 
t y
(5 y − 9) 70 m

(5 x + 4) x
3x n

Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

Note: Figure not drawn to scale

In the figure above, lines  , m , and n are parallel.

In the figure above, r  t . What is the value
What is the value of x + y ?
of x + y ?

A) 160
A) 37
B) 200
B) 40
C) 230
C) 43
D) 290
D) 46

2 4


a b x
n

c
m 55
m
In the figure above, m  n . If a = 50 and b = 120 ,
what is the value of c ? In the figure above,   m . What is the value
of x ?

A) 50
A) 30
B) 60
B) 35
C) 70
C) 40
D) 80
D) 45
Lines and Angles 273

Chapter 16 Practice Test

1 3

 m
A D
 

108 x
x 75

50
m
B C

Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

In the figure above, lines  and m are parallel

In the figure above,   m . What is the value
and BD bisects ∠ABC . What is the value of x ?
of x ?

A) 54
A) 45
B) 60
B) 50
C) 68
C) 55
D) 72
D) 60

2 4

D B
(2 x + 15)



a
 y
x m
E A C

Note: Figure not drawn to scale. In the figure above, DA  BC and AB bisects
∠DAC . What is the measure of ∠BCA in terms
In the figure above,   m . What is the value of a ?
of y ?
A) 180 − a

A) 120 B) 2a − 180
B) 125 C) 180 − 2a

C) 130 D) 2a − 90
D) 135
274 Chapter 16

5 7

B x
D

68
x 65
A C E
y
Note: Figure not drawn to scale.
In the figure above, what is the value of x + y ?
In the figure above, AB  CD and BC  DE .
What is the value of x ?

A) 47
B) 51
C) 55
D) 57

6 8

Q
t P
110
R
r

35 a 145
T
c b S

Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

In the figure above, r  t . What is the value In the figure above, PQ is parallel to ST .
of a + b ?
What is the measure of ∠QRS ?

A) 160
B) 175
C) 185
D) 200
280 Chapter 17

Exercises - Angles of a Triangle

1 4

x
B
 30
48 (3 x − 40)

In the triangle above, what is the value of x ? 55

A C

Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

A) 44
B) 48
C) 52 In the figure above, AC ⊥ BC . What is the
measure of ∠ABC ?
D) 56

A) 50
2 B) 55

B C) 60

18
D) 65
D
x
A C

In ∆ABC above, if AB
= AD
= DC , what is the
value of x ? 5

B
A) 92
B) 96
C) 102 A C
D
D) 108

In the figure above, AD= BD = BC . If

3 m∠A = 26 , what is the measure of m∠DBC ?

B
A) 68
x2 2 x + 15 B) 72
C) 76

A C D) 82

In ∆ABC above, m∠A = m∠C . If x > 0 , what is

the value of x ?
282 Chapter 17

Exercises - Pythagorean Theorem and Special Right Triangles

1 3

A B
D

2 3

30
C B
D 2 3 A C

Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

= BD
In the figure above, if AD = 2 3 , what is
the length of AB ?
In the figure above, AB = 6 , BC = 8 , and CD = 5 .
What is the length of AD ?
A) 4 3

B) 3 6 A) 4 3
C) 6 B) 5 2
D) 6 2 C) 5 3

D) 6 2

2 4
B B

3 4 2
 
30 60
A C A C
D D

14
In ∆ABC above, BD = 3 . What is the perimeter
of ∆ABC ? Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

A) 2 2 + 6 In the figure above, ∠A ≅ ∠C and BD bisects

AC . What is the perimeter of ∆ABC ?
B) 2 3 + 6

C) 2 6 + 6 A) 32

D) 3 2 + 6 B) 36

C) 14 + 10 2

D) 14 + 12 2
284 Chapter 17

Exercises - Similar Triangles and Proportional Parts

A Questions 3 and 4 refer to the following

information.
6 B

B D 12 7.8
C
3
D E
E 9
8 y

In the figure above, if AB = 6 , DE = 3 , and C

A x
BD = 12 , what is the length of AE ?

A) 12 In the figure above, DE  AC .

B) 9 2
3
C) 8 3
What is the value of x ?
D) 15

A) 12.5
B) 15
2
C) 16.5
A D) 18

D
10

C 4
11 What is the value of y ?
16
E
B A) 5.2
Note: Figure not drawn to scale. B) 5.6
C) 6.0
In the figure above, ∠B ≅ ∠D. If BC = 16 ,
D) 6.4
CD = 10 , and CE = 11 , what is the length
of AE ?

A) 16.8
B) 17.2
C) 17.6
D) 18.4
286 Chapter 17

Exercises - Area of a Triangle

1 3

A B

12 12

30 30 C
C B A
15 D

In the figure above, the area of right triangle In the figure above, what is the area of ∆ABC ?
ABC is 60. What is the perimeter of ∆ABC ?
A) 24 3
A) 34
B) 30 3
B) 36
C) 36 3
C) 38
D) 40 D) 48 3

2 4

III B

A C I
D

In triangle ABC above, if BD was increased by A C

50 percent and AC was reduced by 50 percent,
how would the area of ∆ABC change? II

A) The area of ∆ABC would be decreased by

25 percent.
The figure above shows right triangle ∆ABC
B) The area of ∆ABC would be increased by and three squares. If the area of square region I
25 percent. is 80 square inches and the area of square region II
C) The area of ∆ABC would not change. is 150 square inches, which of the following is true
about the area of square region III?
D) The area of ∆ABC would be decreased by
50 percent. A) Less than 230 square inches.
B) More than 230 square inches.
C) Equal to 230 square inches.
D) It cannot be determined from the information
given.
Triangles 287

Chapter 17 Practice Test

1 3

C P
B
x −1
V
D Q
x +1
W
A x R
E
T U
S
In the figure above, CDE is an equilateral triangle
Note: Figure not drawn to scale.
and ABCD is a square with an area of 4x 2 . What
is the area of triangle CDE in terms of x ?
In the figure above, VQ  WR  TS .
If PS = 15 , what is the length of RS ?
3 2
A) x
2
A) 4.5
B) 3x 2
B) 5
3 3 2 C) 6
C) x
2
D) 6.5
D) 2 3x 2

T
35
P 50
S 6

S 7.5 D
18
Q R Note: Figure not drawn to scale.

In the figure above, PQ ⊥ QR and PQ ≅ PT . A person 6 feet tall stands so that the ends of his
What is the measure of ∠R ? shadow and the shadow of the pole coincide. The
length of the person’s shadow was measured 7.5
A) 30 feet and the length of the pole’s shadow, SD,
B) 35 was measured 18 feet. How tall is the pole?

C) 40
A) 12.8
D) 45
B) 13.6
C) 14.4
D) 15.2
288 Chapter 17

5 7

A S

P 6.4
5
E

R
8
Q
C B T
D
In the figure above, PQ  ST and segment PT
In the figure above, ∆ABC and ∆DBE are right intersects segment QS at R . What is the length
triangles. If AC = 12 , BC = 15 , and DE = 8 , what of segment QS ?
is the length of BE ?

A) 8.5
B) 9
C) 9.5
8
D) 10
S
R
Q
P

b W
3x V 2.5x U 3.5x
T

In the figure above, if PS = 162 , what is the length

 of segment QR ?
130

a

In the figure above, what is the value of a − b ?

A) 50 9

B) 55 B
26
C) 60
D) 65 C
A 48

In the figure above, what is the area of the isosceles

triangle ABC ?
296 Chapter 18

Exercise - Parallelograms

5
Questions 1-5 refer to the following What is the measure of ∠QTR ?
information.

P Q
1 2
T

3 R
S

In PQRS above, PT= x + 2 y , ST= 8 x − y ,

PR = 32 , TQ = 26 , m∠1 =6a , m∠2 =10a , 6
m∠3= a 2 − 7 and m∠PRS =
4a . A B

1
E 4
What is the value of x ?
D C
5

What is the area of rhombus ABCD above?

2
What is the value of y ?

P Q

3
15
What is the measure of ∠PQR ?

T 9 S 20 R

In the figure above, PQRS is a parallelogram

and PTS is a right triangle. What is the area of
4 the parallelogram PQRS ?
What is the measure of ∠QRS ?
298 Chapter 18

Exercise - Rectangles, Squares, and Trapezoids

1 4

B C Q 3 R

5 2
30
P S
A D 10

In square ABCD above, the length of diagonal What is the area of trapezoid PQRS above?
AC is 5 2 . What is the area of the square?
A) 20
B) 24
C) 26
D) 32

Questions 2 and 3 refer to the following

information.

B 12
C
5
E
9 Q

A D 15
9

In the figure above, ABCD is a rectangle.

R
P
2
13
What is the length of AE ? S

What is the area of trapezoid PQRS above?

A) 64
B) 72
3 C) 76
What is the area of ∆CED ? D) 84
300 Chapter 18

Exercise - Regular Polygons

Questions 1 - 4 refer to the following Questions 5 - 7 refer to the following

information. information.
B

Q x
O
10 6
a
A D C
P S R

The figure above is a regular pentagon whose

The figure above is an equilateral inscribed in
radius is 6.
a circle with radius 10.

1 5
What is the measure of ∠AOC ? What is the value of x ?

2 6
What is the length of OD ? What is the measure of ∠RQS ?

3 7
What is the length of BD ? Which of the following equations can be used
to find the value of a ?

a
A) sin ∠RQS =
6
a
4 B) cos ∠RQS =
6
What is the area of ∆ABC ?
6
C) sin ∠RQS =
a
A) 45 3
6
B) 50 3 D) cos ∠RQS =
a
C) 60 3

D) 75 3
Polygons and Quadrilaterals 301

Chapter 18 Practice Test

1 4
18 A rectangle has a length that is 6 meters more
B C
than twice its width. What is the perimeter of
13 13 the rectangle if the area of the rectangle is 1,620
12 square meters?

A D
E F

What is the area of the isosceles trapezoid above?

A) 238
B) 252
5
C) 276
D) 308

a a
2
a
B 10
C
10
10
45 The figure above shows an equilateral triangle
A D with sides of length a and three squares with
10
sides of length a . If the area of the equilateral
What is the area of rhombus ABCD above? triangle is 25 3 , what is the sum of the areas
of the three squares?

A) 20 2
A) 210
B) 25 2 B) 240
C) 50 2 C) 270
D) 100 2 D) 300

3
6
R A
The perimeter of a rectangle is 5x and its length
E O 3
Z is x . If the area of the rectangle is 294, what is
2
T P the value of x ?

In the figure above, EO is the midsegment

of trapezoid TRAP and RP intersect EO at
point Z . If RA = 15 and EO = 18 , what is the
length of EZ ?
302 Chapter 18

7 9

B B C
4 3
9
11 C
x
A 12 D
A 12 D
The figure above shows parallelogram ABCD .
Which of the following equations represents the
In the figure above, what is the area of the
area of parallelogram ABCD ?
region ABCD ?

A) 12 cos x × 9sin x
A) 22 3 + 30
B) 12 × 9 tan x
B) 22 3 + 36
C) 12 × 9 cos x
C) 22 3 + 42
D) 12 × 9sin x
D) 22 3 + 48

8 10

40 Q C D R
A E B

16 B E

45
D C
G F P A F S
4

In the figure above, ABCD is a rectangle and In the figure above, ABCDEF is a regular
BCFE is a square. If AB = 40 , BC = 16 , and hexagon with side lengths of 4. PQRS is
m∠AGD = 45 , what is the area of the shaded
a rectangle. What is the area of the shaded
region? region?

A) 240
A) 8 3
B) 248
B) 9 3
C) 256
C) 10 3
D) 264
D) 12 3
310 Chapter 19

Exercises - Arcs, Angles, and Tangents

5
Questions 1 - 4 refer to the following
information. Q 6
A
12
B
C
O P
C A

B
52 O 9.5
9 R

E
D In the figure above, O is inscribed in ∆PQR .
45
If PA = 12 , QA = 6 , and RB = 9.5 , what is the
P perimeter of ∆PQR ?

In the figure above, BD is a diameter, and PA

A) 46
and PD are tangents to circle O . m∠CDE = 52 ,
m∠APD = 45 , and AP = 9 . B) 49
C) 52
1
D) 55
What is the measure of ∠ODC ?

6
2
What is the measure of ∠OCD ?
O
R
10 16

P Q
3
What is the measure of ∠AOD ? In the figure above, OP is a radius and PQ is
tangent to circle O . If the radius of circle O
is 10 and QR = 16 , what is the length of PQ ?

A) 16
4
B) 20
What is the length of PD ?
C) 24
D) 28
312 Chapter 1

Exercises - Arc Lengths and Areas of Sectors

4
Questions 1 and 2 refer to the following
information. A B
A
8
O

40
O 27 B In the figure above, the radius of the circle is 8
and m∠AOB = 120 . What is the length of AB ?
In the figure above, 
AB is an arc of a circle with
radius 27 cm. A) 8 2

B) 8 3
1
C) 12 2
If the length of arc AB is kπ , what is the value
of k ? D) 12 3

2
If the area of sector OAB is nπ , what is the 5
value of n ?

R
30
P Q

3 In the figure above, OP = OQ and PQ is tangent

to circle O . If the radius of circle O is 8, what
8 7
A is the length of QR ?
6

a 5
A) 10( 2 − 1)
4
O B B) 6

The figure above shows arcs of length 8, 7, 6, 5, C) 10( 3 − 1)

and 4. If m 
AB = 120 , what is the degree measure D) 8
of angle a ?
314 Chapter 19

Exercises - Inscribed Angles

Questions 1 - 4 refer to the following Questions 5 and 6 refer to the following

information. information.
C
z y
100 D R
Q
48 x
x y 70
A B
O
80 75
w P S

In circle O above, AB is a diameter. In the figure above, a quadrilateral is inscribed in

a circle.
1
What is the value of y ?
5
What is the value of x ?

A) 70
B) 80
2
C) 90
What is the value of x ?
D) 100

3
What is the value of w ? 6
What is the value of y ?

A) 75
B) 80

4 C) 85

What is the value of z ? D) 90

316 Chapter 19

Exercises - Arcs and Chords

1 3

P
O O Q
R

S
Q R

In circle O above, the area of the circle is 9π

In circle O above, if the radius is 13 and PR = 24 ,
and PR = 5 . What is the length of QR ?
what is the length of QS ?

A) 1
A) 6
B) 7 B) 2

C) 8 C) 3
D) 9 D) 2

2 4

R S
A B
M

O O
Q
N
P
In the figure above, the radius of the circle is 12.
In the circle above, if RS = 6 , OM = 5 , and
If the length of chord AB is 18, what is the
ON = 4 , what is the length of PQ ?
distance between the chord and the diameter?

A) 4 2 A) 2 10
B) 6
B) 3 7
C) 6 2
C) 4 5
D) 6 3
D) 6 2
Circles 319

Chapter 19 Practice Test

1 3

C y

30 A x
B
O O

(−4, −3)

In the figure above, O is the center of the circle

and AB is a diameter. If the length of AC is 4 3
and m∠BAC = 30 , what is the area of circle O ? In the figure above, the circle is tangent to the
x- axis and has center (−4, −3) . Which of the
A) 12π following equations represents the equation of
the circle shown in the xy - plane above?
B) 16π
C) 18π
A) ( x + 4) 2 + ( y + 3) 2 =
9
D) 24π
B) ( x − 4) 2 + ( y − 3) 2 =
9

C) ( x + 4) 2 + ( y + 3) 2 =
3
2
D) ( x − 4) 2 + ( y − 3) 2 =
3
Q
R
4
O
a+2
a+3
a +1
S
P a+4
a
x
In the circle above, chord RS is parallel to O
3
diameter PQ . If the length of RS is of
4 The figure above shows a semicircle with the
the length of PQ and the distance between lengths of the adjacent arcs a, a + 1, a + 2,
a + 3, and a + 4 . If the value of x is 42, what
the chord and the diameter is 2 7, what is
is the value of a ?
the radius of the circle?

A) 7
A) 6
B) 8
B) 3 7
C) 9
C) 8
D) 10
D) 4 7
320 Chapter 19

5 8

P Q

36
O B
O R
In the figure above, the length of arc 
AB is π .
What is the area of sector OAB ? In the figure above, rectangle OPQR is inscribed
in a quarter circle that has a radius of 9. If PQ = 7 ,
A) 2π what is the area of rectangle OPQR ?

5
B) π
2 A) 24 2
C) 3π B) 26 2
7
D) π C) 28 2
2
D) 30 2

x 2 − 4 x + y 2 − 6 x − 17 =
0 9
In a circle with center O , the central angle has
What is the area of the circle in the xy - plane
2π
above? a measure of radians. The area of the sector
3
formed by central angle AOB is what fraction
A) 20π of the area of the circle?
B) 24π
C) 26π
D) 30π

7 10
Which of the following is the equation of a circle A wheel with a radius of 2.2 feet is turning at
that has a diameter of 8 units and is tangent to the a constant rate of 400 revolutions per minute on
graph of y = 2 ? a road. If the wheel traveled kπ miles in one
hour what is the value of k ? (1 mile = 5,280 feet)

A) ( x + 1) 2 + ( y + 2) 2 =
16

B) ( x − 1) 2 + ( y − 2) 2 =
16

C) ( x + 2) 2 + ( y + 1) 2 =
16

D) ( x − 2) 2 + ( y − 1) 2 =
16
328 Chapter 20

Exercises – Prisms

1 3

3
8 8 9 cm 3
10 10
20 cm 2x + 2

36 cm

The figure above shows a cement block of 3x

36 cm × 20 cm × 9 cm with two 10 cm × 8 cm
openings. What is the weight of the cement block
to the nearest gram? (The density of cement is A manufacturing company produces cardboard
1.7 gram / cm3 ) boxes by cutting out square corners 3 inches (in)
by 3 in. from rectangular pieces of cardboard
3x in. by 2 x + 2 in. The cardboard is then folded
A) 5, 040 along the dashed lines to form a box without a top.
If the volume of the box is 162 in 3 , what is the
B) 6, 048
dimension of the original cardboard before cutting
C) 7,560 out its square corners?

D) 8,568
A) 12 in × 9 in
B) 14 in × 10 in
2 C) 15 in × 12 in

6 in
8 in D) 16 in × 14 in

4
12 in
An aquarium tank in the shape of a rectangular
8 in prism is 20 inches (in) long by 16 in wide by
12 in high. If 2,400 cubic inches of water is added
10 in
into the empty tank, how far is the surface of the
The figure above shows an aluminum block of water from the top of the tank?
10 in × 8 in × 12 in with an 8 in × 6 in × 12 in
opening. What is the weight of the aluminum block
to the nearest pound? (The density of aluminum is
0.098 lb/in 3 )

A) 32
B) 38
C) 42
D) 48
330 Chapter 20

Exercises - Cylinders and Spheres

1 3

r 2h 2r

In the figure above, a sphere is inscribed in I II

a cylinder, so that the diameter of the sphere
is the same as the diameter of the cylinder and The figure above shows two cylinders. The height
the height of the cylinder. What is the value of cylinder I is twice the height of cylinder II and
Volume of the sphere the radius of cylinder II is twice the radius of
of ?
Volume of the cylinder cylinder I. If the volume of cylinder I is 45π in 3 ,
what is the volume of cylinder II in cubic inches?
1
A)
2 A) 22.5π
2 B) 45π
B)
3
C) 67.5π
7
C)
10 D) 90π
3
D)
4

2 4
8 in A 30 B

6 in 3 in

D C

The figure above shows the mechanical part in In the cylindrical tube shown above, the height
the shape of a steel cylinder 8 inches high and of the tube is 30 and the circumference of the
6 inches long in diameter. A hole with a diameter circular base is 32. If the tube is cut along AB
of 3 inches is drilled through the mechanical part. and laid out flat to make a rectangle, what is the
The density of steel is 490 lb/ft 3 . What is the mass length of AC to the nearest whole number?
of the mechanical part, to the nearest pound?
( 1 foot = 12 inch )
A) 24
B) 30
A) 36
C) 34
B) 42
C) 48 D) 38

D) 52
332 Chapter 20

Exercises - Pyramids and Cones

1 3

8 in
7

8 in

4
6 in
4

The figure above shows a pyramid with regular A plane parallel to the base of a cone divides the
hexagonal base. The length of each side of the cone into two pieces, and removes the top part.
hexagonal face is 4 units and the height of the The radius of the cone is 6 inches (in), the height
pyramid is 7 units. What is the volume of the of the cone is 16 in, and the distance from the base
pyramid? to the parallel plane is 8 in. What is the volume of
the remaining bottom part, in cubic inches?
A) 35 3
A) 56π
B) 56 3
B) 84π
C) 84 3
C) 126π
D) 168 3 D) 168π

2
4
9m
If the circumference of the base part of cone is
10 centimeters (cm) and the height of the cone
is 8 cm, what is the volume of the cone, to the
15 m nearest cubic centimeter?

A) 18
Water is pouring into a conical reservoir at the rate B) 21
of 2.4 m3 per minute. If the radius of the base of C) 24
the conical reservoir is 9 meters (m) and the length
D) 32
of the lateral edge is 15 m, to the nearest minute,
how long will it take to fill up the empty reservoir?

A) 212
B) 318
C) 424
D) 530
Surface Areas and Volume s 333

Chapter 20 Practice Test

1 3

2 in
2x
x
4x − 3 4 in
x
x 4x + 3

The figure above shows a cube and a rectangular

prism. If the volume of the rectangular prism is
30 times the volume of the cube, what is the value A regular hexagonal prism with edge lengths of
of x ? 2 inches is created by cutting out a metal cylinder
whose radius is 2 inches and height is 4 inches.
A) 1.5 What is the volume of the waste generated by
creating the hexagonal prism from the cylinder,
B) 2 rounded to the nearest cubic inch?
C) 2.5
A) 7
D) 3
B) 9
C) 11
D) 14

2 4

3
x
x
4
x
3x
x h
5
6
The figure above shows a triangular prism whose
base is a equilateral triangle with side lengths x In the figure shown above, if all the water in the
81 rectangular container is poured into the cylinder,
and height 3x . If the volume of the prism is ,
4 the water level rises from h inches to (h + x)
what is the value of x ? inches. Which of the following is the best
approximation of the value of x ?
A) 3
A) 3
B) 4
B) 3.4
C) 5
C) 3.8
D) 6
D) 4.2
334 Chapter 20

5 7
Cylinder I Cylinder II The surface area of a cube is 54 square centimeters
(cm 2 ) . What is the volume of the cube in cubic
centimeters?

50 cm
36 cm

Circumference = 50 Circumference = 36

The figure above shows two cylinders that are

rolled up from a poster 36 centimeter (cm) wide
and 50 cm long without overlap. For cylinder I,
the height is 36 cm and the circumference of the
base is 50 cm. For cylinder II, the height is 50 cm
and the circumference of the base is 36 cm. Which 8
of the following is closest to the difference of
A cone with a height of 10 cm and radius of
volume between the two cylinders, in cubic
3 cm is 90 percent filled with shaved ice. What
centimeters?
is the volume of the shaved ice, to the nearest
cubic centimeter?
A) 1, 600
B) 1,800
C) 2, 000
D) 2, 200

9
2x
A square pyramid and a cube have equal volumes.
The cube has an edge length of 4 inches and the
pyramid has a base side length of 6 inches. What
is the height of the pyramid in inches?

In the figure above, a double cone is inscribed in

a cylinder whose radius is x and height is 2x .
What is the volume of the space inside the cylinder
but outside the double cone, in terms of x ?

1 3
A) πx
2
2
B) π x3
3
4
C) π x3
3
3
D) π x3
2