Answer the following questions.

1. What is the role of philosophy in ethics?

Ethics are moral guidelines that a human can follow in order to lead life is up to
the moral standards while philosophy is a study of the fundamental nature of knowledge,
reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline. Therefore,
there are philosophies concerning ethics as well. Ethics is important in philosophy
because it’s teaches us the ought of an action. Ethical questions include why should the
good be done instead of it’s opposite. What makes an action right or wrong? It enables
an individual to be able to understand the process through which social norms are
adopted and also question these norms and test them with the tools of logic and
common sense.

2. What is philosophical inquiry?

Philosophical inquiry (PI), or the practice of “thinking together” and “thinking
about thinking together,” is an educational approach that originates from philosophical
pragmatism. It upholds that knowing is not merely an acquisition of knowledge that is
external to the knower, but arises from a community of inquiry that students engage with
and construct together.

3. Why is critical thinking important to philosophical inquiry?

Critical thinking is a domain-general thinking skill. Learning critical thinking is not
something which people had heretofore done by taking a specific course. In fact, it would
probably not be inaccurate to claim that those teaching such courses today did not
themselves ever take one. Philosophers have learned to be critical thinkers in good
measure through the study of the works of philosophers and through discourse with the
philosophers. It is in the study of the philosophical heritage that one sees evidence of
critical thinking, indeed some of the finest examples of the critical thinking the human
species has produced.

Application

Name: Añonuevo, Jomella Q. Date: September 22, 2020

Section: CE211

1. Using the principles of logical reasoning and critical thinking, explain your stand on the
following ethical issues.

a. Divorce in the Philippines.

 I’m not agree to have divorce law here in the Philippines because is
against what said in the bible. In the first place, people usually learn little
or nothing from a failed marriage. Divorcees usually blame their ex-
spouses for the problems that led to divorce, with little understanding of
the role they played in the failure. But marital problems are virtually never
strictly the result of one partner's sin. Underlying the divorcees' blame
perspective is the thought that if only they had married someone else, all
would have been well. Such thinking is antithetical to our argument all
along, which is that the key is not just to find the right person for marriage,
but to become the right person for marriage. As long as divorcees remain
unable to see where they (not their ex-spouses) went wrong, the chances
of a repeat performance are excellent. Once divorcees gain some
understanding of what was wrong with their own way of relating, the first
brick is in place. But it's not enough. They still need to make progress in
changing those patterns. After articulating what your problems were in the
failed marriage, you can work toward resolving those problems in the
context of non-marital relationships, provided you have built such
relationships. Any hope that merely marrying a different spouse will
correct the problem is usually forlorn. Especially if your divorce involved
children, it becomes doubly important to relate to your ex-spouse in an
amicable way for the sake of the children, who will benefit from having
parents who are cooperative, and to maximize your ability to leave the old
marriage behind emotionally. Another reason for repeated failure is that
divorcees tend to repeat their own bad choices of who to marry.
Divorcees often choose a new mate externally different than their ex-
spouse, but beneath the externals, we can see the same criteria for
choice at work.

b. Death penalty in the Philippines.

No, death penalty should not be legalized in the Philippines because it

cannot determine crimes and it violates the most fundamental human right. It’s
true that it cannot determine crimes, even if the government will implement death
penalty there will be no significant changes in crime rates. Criminals will still do
the things they wanted to. It also violates the most fundamental human right and
the right in life. It is the most cruel, inhuman and degrading punishment. It’s also
a very discriminatory one. An innocent person may be released from a prison for
a crime he or she did not commit, but an execution can never be reversed.
Instead of legalizing death penalty, I strongly believe that it will be good enough
to save lives of the people who might be wrongfully executed and will also let us
feel that we are safer. This model is basically a reformation program where those
people who will be convicted will be under reformation program for years after
that they can now be fully rational individuals who might have thought that the
culprits behind the bars can now be deemed as potent individuals. Death penalty
 is never a solution, it’s just a short-sighted view of reducing criminality and
enforcing security.

c. Same Sex marriage in the Philippines.

Without a doubt, I support the right for two consenting adults of whatever sex to
spend their lives together and officially become a familial unit. There's no
question about that. A same-sex couple is theoretically as capable of becoming
parents as a heterosexual one is; they just have to either use in vitro or adopt
kids
Now here's where the no part comes in. Marriage is traditionally a religious
concept, a system that democratizes the nuclear family unit and makes it
available to everyone who isn't the pack alpha wolf. This was a social agreement
that was strongly reinforced by religion to the point that you could say completely
interwoven into most major religions of today. These religions also often frown
upon same-sex marriage. I do not support forcing religious institutions to marry a
same-sex couple if it goes against their beliefs. There is absolutely no reason to
force a traditional marriage ceremony if the ceremony goes against that tradition.
However, there's no problem when the religious institutions themselves are cool
with it. A Norwegian friend of mine told me an interesting story - some churches
back where she's from were actually offering to marry gay couples despite this. If
they want to, they can and should be able to marry the same-sex couples. I
mean, the reason why we have these debates about gay marriage is because it's
a law thing and a tax break thing. If it were up to me, I'd have government hands
off the idea of marriage entirely, but that would be a nightmarish mess when it
comes to a lot of things. Census, family laws, all sorts of stuff.

Reflection

Name: Añonuevo, Jomella Q. Date: September 22, 2020

Section: CE211

Demonstrate critical thinking by reading The Parable of the Sower and Seed and relating
the message of the parable to your own life. Write your reflections on and insights drawn from
the parable.
 We see our responsibility as Christ followers. The sower in the parable, anybody
who shares the good news of Jesus, because that was the seed as the gospel and the
sower is us. We should remain hopeful, steadfast, and persistent in our mission despite
many obstacles. The seed, the young blade, and the grown plant died. They didn’t
survive the adverse conditions because they did not fall on good soil. Seeds grow
differently, depending on the soil and its location. In the same way, those who hear the
Word of God respond differently, depending on their personal dispositions as dictated by
their heart. Each one of us is a sower of the Seed. As such, we need to equip ourselves
with the basic knowledge of the Bible. We cannot give what we do not have. We cannot
proclaim what we do not have a knowledge of. When we hear the Word of God without
understanding it, the devil will snatch away from our heart what has been sown in it. We
may hear the Word but if we fail to have roots, we will wither in spiritual dryness when
troubles, persecutions, trials and disappointments come. We may hear the Word but still
remain fruitless because the worries of this world, pride, envy, and the glare of material
things choke the Word in us, making us work less and less for God. What was sown in
good soil corresponds to him who listens to the Word and understands it. He then draws
other people to God, thus, bearing much fruit. The ears and the heart work together
closely in our spiritual growth. The ears hear but it is the heart that listens. The ears
catch the Seed and the heart nurtures it. It is amazing that the word ear is found inside
the word heart. And if you put the left ear and the right ear together, they form a heart.
Spreading the Word is working for God, and so, we can continue “sowing the Seed” with
great optimism that the harvest will be far more than the losses. Are all the seeds that
fall on bad soil doomed to die? No. We can find ways and means to save them. That
entails a lot of work and sacrifice on our part. We need to get involved – to be committed
to make more seeds grow and bear much fruit.