Experiment No.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ORGANIC AND INORGANIC COMPOUNDS AND

Name: Jean Y. Evangelista Date Performed: August 30, 2019

Lab. Sched.: 1:00-4:00 A.M. Date Submitted: September 6 ,2019

Rating:

Introduction

The experiment that was conducted allows the student to have a better understanding
on determining and detecting the difference between organic and inorganic compounds.
Students are expected to identify what element(s) are present in organic compounds. In
testing the elements present in organic compounds, different test was conducted. These are
(a.) elements detected by combustion or organic compounds,(b.) elements detected by
addition of strong base and heating of organic compounds, and (c.) beilstein test. Also, a
difference in properties of organic and inorganic compounds was been determined. These
include the differences observed upon heating, differences in conductivity and ionization.

Objectives:

The aim (s) of this experiment is to:

 Learn the tests used to identify the elements present in inorganic compounds,
and
 Observe some of the fundamental differences in properties of organic and
inorganic compounds.

III. Discussion

An organic compound is a compound that contain molecule with carbon. There were tests
performed in this experiment to identify the elements present in organic compounds. First,
moisture was observed at the bottom of the beaker after it was expose to heat. The moisture
was due to the condensation of water vapor on the cold surface of the beaker and water vapor
serves as the product of the complete combustion of the LPG used in the tirrill burner. The
balanced equation can be written as:

C4H10 (g) + O2 (g) →CO2 (g) + H2O(g).

2C4H10 (g) + 13O2 (g) →8CO2 (g) + 10H2O (g).

In the combustion of Ethanol, similar with the experiment there will be a formation of
carbon dioxide and water as products. This shows that ethanol an organic compound also
have Hydrogen and Oxygen.
 In the next part of the experiment, a white precipitate was formed after heating the test
tube containing limewater, Ca(OH)2. The observed precipitate was due to the reaction of
Carbon dioxide (from the combustion of LPG) to the limewater prepared on the test tube.
Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) is the white precipitate formed. The reaction from the
combustion to the formation of precipitate can be written as:

2C4H10 (g) + 13O2 (g) →8CO2 (g) + 10H2O↑ (g)

CO2 (g) + Ca(OH)2 (aq) → CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l)

Similar observations as to the previous test when a test tube containing limewater was
constantly blew; a white precipitate was also formed. This reaction was also due to the
reaction of CO2 and limewater. The equation is the same as with the heated limewater.

CO2 (g) + Ca(OH)2 (aq) → CaCO3 (s) + H2O (l)

The presence of CO2 in the combustion indicates that LPG contains carbon as its
elemental composition. It would be expected that the complete combustion of all organic
substances will produce a gas like CO2 that would react with limewater. This is because all
organic compounds contain carbon.

There are also elements detected by adding a strong base and heating the organic
compounds. Nitrogen can be detected by the tendency of compound to produce Ammonia. In
the experiment, a substance containing urea, an organic compound, and Sodium hydroxide
(NaOH) was heated. The reaction can be written as:

NaOH + CH4N2O → NaOCN + NH3 + H2O

The test indicates that Nitrogen is one of the elemental compositions of urea due to the
formation of Ammonia as product of the reaction.

In the next test was identifying the presence of Sulfur. In the experiment, Albumin was
added by Sodium hydroxide which was divided into two separate test tubes. One was
unheated and the other one was heated then cooled. The two test tubes was then added by
Lead nitrate (PbNO3). In the unheated test tube there were no major changes while formation
of dark brown precipitate was observed when PbNO3 was added to the heated test tube. This
can be explained with the nature of Albumin. Formation of a black or brown precipitate when
Lead ions are added to a substance indicates the presence of Sulfur and Albumin has Sulfur.
The reaction can be written as: Pb2+ (aq) + S2- (aq) →PbS(s)

The next test was beilstein test. However, the students did not able to continue the
experiment because of the lack of time. Despite of this circumstance, the teacher or the
professor of this said subject enlightens the students regarding to this test. As what the
professor have said, beilstein test is also called as flame test. Also, it was stated by the
professor that (a.) acid + base + results to base (blue), (b.) base + base results to base(blue),
and (c.) acid + acid results to acid (red). In addition, a cobalt glass allows the individual to
see violet color only.
 One of the objectives in this experiment was to identify the different properties
between organic and inorganic compounds. There were three properties of both compounds
that were compared in the experiment. First was the behavior of both compounds when
heated. Sucrose, an organic compound and table salt (NaCl), an inorganic compound were
heated. The sucrose started to melt while the salt remains unchanged after some heating
because it was covalently bonded compounds, which includes most of organic compounds
have low melting point. After thorough heating the sucrose turned into black. The reaction of
the complete combustion of sucrose can be written as:C12H22O11 (s) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + H2O (l).

The soot or ash left after thorough heating was due to the incomplete combustion of
sucrose. C12H22O11 (s) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) + H2O (l) + C (s).Ionic compounds which are mainly
inorganic compounds have high melting points as one of its properties. That’s why Sodium
chloride an inorganic compound didn’t have much reaction when heated.

The next property that was compared in the experiment was their ability to conduct
electricity. Sodium chloride and Potassium iodide are inorganic compounds. Inorganic
compounds are ionic compounds that easily break into ions in water and are called
electrolytes. These ions facilitate the flow of electrons and that’s why it is a good conductor
while organic compounds are covalently bonded with each other and are non polar, hence are
bad conductors of electricity.

The last property was the ionization ability of both compounds. Conductivity and
ionization is related with each other. Inorganic compounds easily break into ions when in
solutions and are easily bonded with other compounds. In the experiment Sodium chloride,
an inorganic compound reacted with Silver nitrate and forms a precipitate. When an organic
compound was covalently bonded, it will not break easily into ions when in a solution.

Therefore, elements present in organic compounds were identified in this experiment by

VI. References:

 www.academia.com

 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urea

 socratic.org/questions/information-about-the-reaction-of-carbon-dioxide-with-lime-water

 organic-chemistri.blogspot.com/2013/02/difference-between-organic-and.html

 David,K.,Organic Chemistry. 3rd.