Solutions

Question 1
Prove that the equation for the induced voltage of a single simple rotating loop
2
𝑒𝑖𝑛𝑑 = 𝜙𝜔
𝜋

is just a special case of the general equation for induced voltage in a dc machine 𝐸𝐴 = 𝐾𝜙𝜔.

Solution
𝐸𝐴 = 𝐾𝜙𝜔
𝑍𝑃
Where 𝐾 = 2𝜋𝑎 For the simple rotation loop,Z = 2 (There are 2 conductors),P = 2 (There are 2
poles) a = 1 (There is one current path through the machine)
2×2 2
Therefore, 𝐾 = =
2𝜋×1 𝜋
2
For the simple rotation loop 𝐸𝐴 = 𝜋 𝜙𝜔

Question 2
The power converted from one form to another within a dc motor is given by
𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣 = 𝐸𝐴 𝐼𝐴 = 𝜏𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝜔
Use the equations 𝐸𝐴 = 𝐾𝜙𝜔 and 𝜏𝑖𝑛𝑑 = 𝐾𝜙𝐼𝐴 , to prove that 𝐸𝐴 𝐼𝐴 = 𝜏𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝜔 that is,
prove that the electric power disappearing at the point of power conversion is exactly equal to
the mechanical power appearing at that point.

Solution

𝑷𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒗 = 𝐸𝐴 𝐼𝐴 (𝐸𝐴 = 𝐾𝜙𝜔)

= (𝐾𝜙𝜔)𝐼𝐴 ( 𝜏𝑖𝑛𝑑 = 𝐾𝜙𝐼𝐴 )

= 𝜏𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝜔
Question 3
a) Draw and label the power flow diagram of
1) a DC motor
2) a DC generator

b) Sketch the equivalent circuit of

1
1) a series DC motor

2) shunt DC motor

Solution
a) Power flow diagram of
1 a DC motor

2) a DC generator

b) The equivalent circuit of

1- A series DC motor

2
2) shunt DC motor

Question 4
A separately excited motor runs at 1045rpm, with a constant field current, while taking an
armature current of 50A at 120V. The armature resistance is 0.1 Ω,if the load on the motor
changes such that it now takes 95A at 120V, determine the motor speed at this load.
Solution
′
𝐸 = 𝐾𝜙𝜔 = 𝐾 𝜙𝑛
𝐸1 𝜙1 𝑛1
=
𝐸2 𝜙2 𝑛2

The field current is constant and the core is assumed unsaturated

𝐸1 𝑛1
Therefore 𝜙1 = 𝜙2 and =
𝐸2 𝑛2

𝐸 = 𝑉𝑇 − 𝐼𝐴 𝑅𝐴

𝐸1 = 120 − (50)(0.1) = 115𝑉

𝐸2 = 120 − (95)(0.1) = 110.5𝑉

3
 𝐸2 ∗𝑛1
So 𝑛2 = 𝐸1
= 1004.1 rpm
Question 5
A 50-hp, 250-V, 1200 r/min dc shunt motor with compensating windings has an armature
resistance (including the brushes, compensating windings and interpoles) of 0.06Ω. Its field
circuit has a total resistance 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑗 + 𝑅𝑓 of 50Ω, which produces a no-load speed of 1200 r/min.
There are 1200 turns per pole on the shunt field winding. Find the speed and induced torque of
this motor when its input current is
a) 120 A
b) 310 A
Solution
a) If 𝐼𝐿 = 120 then
𝑉𝑇
𝐼𝐴 = 𝐼𝐿 - 𝐼𝐹 = 𝐼𝐿 - 𝑅𝐹

250𝑉
𝐼𝐴 = 120A - = 115A
50𝛺

𝐸𝐴 at this load will be 𝐸𝐴 = 𝑉𝑇 − 𝐼𝐴 𝑅𝐴

= 250 – (115A) (0.06 𝛺) = 243.1 V
The speed of the motor is
𝐸𝐴2 𝐾𝜙𝑛 𝐸𝐴2 243.1𝑉
= 𝐾𝜙𝑛1 , 𝑛2 = * 𝑛1 = * 1200 =1167r/min
𝐸𝐴1 2 𝐸𝐴1 250𝑉

Induced torque (𝜏𝑖𝑛𝑑 )

𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣 = 𝐸𝐴 𝐼𝐴 = 𝜏𝑖𝑛𝑑 𝜔
𝐸𝐴 𝐼𝐴 (243.1𝑉)(115𝐴)
𝜏𝑖𝑛𝑑 = = 1 = 229N.m
𝜔 (1167)(2𝜋)(60)

b) If 𝐼𝐿 = 310 then
𝑉𝑇
𝐼𝐴 = 𝐼𝐿 - 𝐼𝐹 = 𝐼𝐿 - 𝑅𝐹

250𝑉
𝐼𝐴 = 310A - = 305A
50𝛺

𝐸𝐴 at this load will be 𝐸𝐴 = 𝑉𝑇 − 𝐼𝐴 𝑅𝐴

= 250 – (305A) (0.06 𝛺) = 231.7 V

4
𝐸𝐴2 𝐾𝜙𝑛 𝐸𝐴2 231.7𝑉
= 𝐾𝜙𝑛1 , 𝑛2 = * 𝑛1 = * 1200 =1112 r/min
𝐸𝐴1 2 𝐸𝐴1 250𝑉

Induced torque (𝜏𝑖𝑛𝑑 )

𝐸𝐴 𝐼𝐴 (231.7𝑉)(305𝐴)
𝜏𝑖𝑛𝑑 = = 1 = 607N.m
𝜔 (1112)(2𝜋)(60)

Question 6
An eight-pole, 25-kW, 120-V DC generator has a simplex lap-wound armature, which has 64
coils with 16 turns per coil. Its rated speed is 2400 r/min.
(a) How much flux per pole is required to produce the rated voltage in this generator at no-load
conditions?
(b) What is the current per path in the armature of this generator at the rated load?
(c) What is the induced torque in this machine at the rated load?
d) If the resistance of this winding is 0.011 Ω per turn, what is the armature resistance 𝑅𝐴 of
this machine?

Solution
𝑍𝑃
a) 𝐸𝐴 = 𝐾𝜙𝜔= 2𝜋𝑎 𝜙𝜔
In this machine, the number of current paths is
𝑎 = 𝑚𝑃 = 1 × 8 = 8 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠
The number of conductors is
Z = (64 coils) (16 turns/coil)(2 conductors/turn) = 2048
The equation for induced voltage is

𝑍𝑃 𝐸𝐴 2𝜋𝑎 120×2𝜋×8
𝐸𝐴 = 2𝜋𝑎 𝜙𝜔 therefore 𝜙= = 2400×2𝜋 =1.465 × 10−3 𝑊𝑏
𝑍𝑃𝜔 2048×8×
60

= 1.465mWb
b) Current per path
Method 1
𝑃 25000
At rated load, the current flow in the generator would be 𝐼𝐴 = =
=208.3A There
𝐸𝐴 120
are a = m P = (1)(8) = 8 parallel current paths through the machine, so the current per path is

5
 𝐼𝐴 208.3
𝑖 = = =26.04A
8 8
Method 2
𝑃 25000 𝑍𝑃 2048×8
𝜏 = 𝑘𝜙𝐼𝐴 but 𝜏 = = 2400×2𝜋 =99.47Nm and 𝑘 = = = 325.949
𝜔 2𝜋𝑎 2𝜋×8
60

𝜏 99.47
So 𝐼𝐴 = = =208.3A
𝑘𝜙 325.9×1.465×10−3
𝐼𝐴 208.3
current per path (i) = = =26.04A
8 8
c) The induced torque in this machine at rated load is
𝑍𝑃
𝜏 = 𝐾𝜙𝐼𝐴 =2𝜋𝑎 × 𝜙 × 𝐼𝐴 = 99.47N.m (as already calculated in part b)

d) The armature resistance 𝑅𝐴

There are a total of 1024 turns on the armature of this machine, so the number of turns per
1024 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑠
path is 𝑁𝑃 = = 128 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑛𝑠/𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ
8 𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠

The total resistance per path is 𝑅𝐴 = (128)(0.011 ) = 1.408 𝛺. Since there are 8 parallel paths
through the machine, the armature resistance of the generator is
1.408 𝛺
𝑅𝐴 = = 0.176 𝛺
8 𝑝𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠

Question 7
A separately-excited d.c. generator produces an open-circuit voltage of 250 V with field current
of 1.5 A. If the field current is increased to 2 A, calculate
a) The new open-circuit emf.
b) The terminal voltage if the generator supplies a current of 5 A. Assume armature resistance
𝑅𝐴 = 0.8 ohm and the speed remains constant.

Solution
a) Since the speed is constant
𝐸1 𝐼𝑓1
= Where 𝐸1 = 250, 𝐼𝑓1 = 1.5𝐴 and 𝐼𝑓2 = 2𝐴 ,we get 𝐸2 = 333 V
𝐸2 𝐼𝑓2

b) 𝑉𝑇 = 𝐸𝐴 − 𝑅𝐴 𝐼𝐴 where 𝐸𝐴 = 333 V , 𝑅𝐴 =0.8 𝛺 and 𝐼𝐴 = 5 A

𝑉𝑇 = 333 − (5)(0.8) = 329V