Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

Chapter 11
The Endocrine System
 

Multiple Choice Questions

 

1. Which of the following statements is not true of the endocrine system? 

A. It is one of two major regulatory systems of the body
B. It is composed of glands that secrete chemical messengers into the blood
C. It is an important regulator of homeostatic mechanisms
D. It influences and is influenced by the nervous system
E. All of the choices are true

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11 Introduction
Topic: Endocrine System
 

2. Hormones(,) 
A. Are chemical regulators that are conveyed from one organ to another via the bloodstream
B. In some cases, also function as local regulators and/or neurotransmitters
C. In some cases, contain carbohydrates
D. Both are chemical regulators that are conveyed from one organ to another via the
bloodstream and, in some cases, also function as local regulators and/or neurotransmitters are
correct
E. All of the choices are correct

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11 Introduction
Topic: Endocrine System
 

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Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

3. Endocrine regulation 
A. Refers to chemical regulators that are conveyed from one organ to another via the
bloodstream
B. Is slower than regulation by neurotransmission
C. Differs from paracrine regulation in that endocrine regulators act on different cell types
from those that secreted them, whereas paracrine regulators are secreted by the same cell type
on which they act
D. Both refers to chemical regulators that are conveyed from one organ to another via the
bloodstream and is slower than regulation by neurotransmission are correct
E. All of the choices are correct

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11 Introduction
Topic: Endocrine System
 

4. An endocrine cell that contains an abundance of granular endoplasmic reticulum, a large
Golgi apparatus, and secretion granules is likely to 
A. Secrete a peptide/protein hormone
B. Secrete by exocytosis
C. Secrete in an exocrine manner
D. Secrete a peptide/protein hormone and secrete by exocytosis
E. Do all of these things

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Section 11A.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

5. Cells that secrete steroid hormones 

A. Store large amounts of hormone
B. Are characterized by abundant agranular endoplasmic reticulum
C. Are characterized by large and numerous mitochodria
D. Both store large amounts of hormone and are characterized by abundant agranular
endoplasmic reticulum are correct
E. Both are characterized by abundant agranular endoplasmic reticulum and are characterized
by large and numerous mitochondria are correct

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Section 11A.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

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Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

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Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

6. Regarding the structure and synthesis of hormones, 

A. Steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol
B. Thyroid hormones are catecholamines
C. The hormones of the adrenal cortex have the same structure as the neurotransmitters of
adrenergic neurons
D. Most peptide hormones require binding proteins for transport in the blood
E. Vasopressin is synthesized in the posterior pituitary

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11A.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

7. The enzyme in the mitochondria responsible for the modification of cholesterol that is
important to the synthesis of steroid hormones is called 
A. Cytochrome P450 enzyme
B. Tyrosine hydroxylase
C. Protein kinase
D. Cholesterol esterase
E. Lipase

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11A.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

8. Which of the following statements about hormone activation is true? 

A. Prohormones are inactive messengers that must undergo conversion to an active form at
their site of production
B. Conversion of T3 to T4 is an example of hormone activation
C. Conversion of testosterone to estradiol is an example of hormone activation
D. Both prohormones are inactive messengers that must undergo conversion to an active form
at their site of production and conversion of T3 to T4 is an example of hormone activation are
true
E. Both prohormones are inactive messengers that must undergo conversion to an active form
at their site of production and conversion of testosterone to estradiol is an example of
hormone activation are true

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11A.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

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Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

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Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

9. Which of the following statements about hormone synthesis is not correct? 

A. Progesterone is a precursor of cortisol
B. Progesterone is a precursor of mineralocorticoid(s) and glucocorticoid(s)
C. Progesterone is a precursor for all steroid hormones
D. Tryptophan is a precursor for thyroid hormones
E. All of these are true statements

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11A.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

10. If a patient were given a drug that inhibited the actions of proteolytic enzymes in the
blood plasma only (i.e., not in cells), which of the following is most likely to result? 
A. Conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine would be inhibited
B. Conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin would be reduced
C. Conversion of testosterone to estradiol would be unaffected
D. Both conversion of thyroxine to triiodothyronine would be inhibited and conversion of
angiotensinogen to angiotensin would be reduced would result
E. Both conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin would be reduced and conversion of
testosterone to estradiol would be unaffected would result

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Section 11A.03
Topic: Endocrine System
 

11. Peptide hormones are 

A. Often derived from larger molecules called prohormones
B. Packaged into secretory vesicles in the endoplasmic reticulum of the cells that synthesize
them
C. Secreted in response to a stimulus that causes depletion of cytosolic calcium in the
secreting cell
D. Both often derived from larger molecules called prohormones and packaged into secretory
vesicles in the endoplasmic reticulum of the cells that synthesize them are correct
E. Both often derived from larger molecules called prohormones and secreted in response to a
stimulus that causes depletion of cytosolic calcium in the secreting cell are correct

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11A.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

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Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

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Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

12. A hormone may be 

A. Inactivated by its target cell
B. Activated by its target cell
C. Inactivated by nontarget cells
D. Excreted before it has a chance to act on a target cell
E. All of the choices are correct

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11A.03
Topic: Endocrine System
 

13. The concentration of a hormone in plasma is determined by 

A. Its secretion and clearance rates
B. Whether or not it binds to carriers and/or other plasma proteins
C. The kind of receptor to which it binds
D. Its secretion and clearance rates and whether or not it binds to carriers and/or other plasma
proteins
E. Whether or not it binds to carriers and/or other plasma proteins and the kind of receptor to
which it binds

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11A.02
Topic: Endocrine System
 

14. Some hormones are transported in plasma bound to proteins. These proteins function to 
A. Maintain a stable high concentration of the hormone in the plasma and reduce its clearance
rate from plasma
B. Reduce the binding of the hormone to its receptors in some cases
C. Make the hormone more soluble in aqueous plasma
D. Do all of these things
E. Do none of these things

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11A.02
Topic: Endocrine System
 

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Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

15. The liver participates in endocrine regulation by 

A. Producing hormones and hormone-binding proteins
B. Clearing hormones from plasma
C. Secreting an inactive form of a hormone that is activated in the plasma
D. Producing hormones and hormone-binding proteins and clearing hormones from plasma
E. Doing all of these things

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11A.03
Topic: Endocrine System
 

16. The main difference between the modes of action of peptide hormones and steroid
hormones is that 
A. Peptide hormones bind to intracellular receptors whereas steroid hormones bind to
receptors on the cell surface
B. Peptide hormones bind to receptors in the nucleus whereas steroid hormones bind to
receptors in the cytosol
C. Peptide hormones bind to receptors on the cell surface whereas steroid hormones act as
second messengers
D. Peptide hormones bind to receptors on the cell surface whereas steroid hormones bind to
intracellular receptors
E. There are no differences; both act by binding to receptors on the cell surface

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Section 11A.04
Topic: Endocrine System
 

17. Receptors for steroid hormones 

A. Are proteins in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm
B. Undergo allosteric modulation when they bind to the hormone
C. Regulate gene transcription
D. Both are proteins in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm and regulate gene transcription are
correct
E. All of the choices are correct

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11A.04
Topic: Endocrine System
 

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Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

18. Rapidly acting chemical regulators generally 

A. Bind to receptor proteins in the nucleus of target cells
B. Are polar
C. Activate plasma-membrane-associated receptors
D. Both bind to receptor proteins in the nucleus of target cells and are polar are correct
E. Both are polar and activate plasma-membrane-associated receptors are correct

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Section 11A.04
Topic: Endocrine System
 

19.  In the absence of thyroid hormone, epinephrine stimulates release of a small amount of
fatty acids from adipose cells. In the presence of thyroid hormone (which has no effect by
itself), epinephrine causes a much more substantial release of fatty acids from the cells. The
effect of thyroid hormone on epinephrine's actions is called  
A.  Antagonistic
B.  Agonistic
C.  Permissive
D.  Direct
E.  Paracrine

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Section 11A.04
Topic: Endocrine System
 

20.  Secretion of hormones is controlled by  

A.  Concentration of mineral ions in the blood
B.  Neural input
C.  Tropic hormones
D.  Concentration of mineral ions in the blood and tropic hormones
E.  All of these things

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11A.05
Topic: Endocrine System
 

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Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

21.  Which of the following statements about oxytocin is true?  

A.  Target cells of oxytocin have receptors for the hormone on their plasma membrane
B.  Oxytocin is synthesized in the hypothalamus
C.  Oxytocin is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
D.  Both target cells of oxytocin have receptors for the hormone on their plasma membrane
and oxytocin is synthesized in the hypothalamus are true
E.  All of the choices are true

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Section 11B.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

22.  The median eminence of the hypothalamus is  

A.  The site of synthesis of ACTH
B.  A site of neurohormone release into blood vessels
C.  A major link connecting the nervous system and the endocrine system
D.  The site of synthesis of ACTH and a site of neurohormone release into blood vessels
E.  A site of neurohormone release into blood vessels and a major link connecting the nervous
system and the endocrine system

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11B.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

23. Which of the following statements about hormone action or control of secretion is

correct? 
A. Growth hormone is a tropic hormone
B. Inhibition of prolactin release by dopamine is an example of short-loop negative feedback
C. Somatostatin stimulates growth hormone secretion
D. ACTH inhibits cortisol secretion
E. None of the choices are correct

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Section 11A.05
Topic: Endocrine System
 

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Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

24. Which of the following is not a cause of hyporesponsiveness? 

A. Low levels of the circulating hormone
B. Abnormal receptors incapable of binding the hormone on the target tissue
C. Defects in the second messenger pathway used by a hormone and its receptor
D. Enzymes required for activation of the prohormone may be absent
E. All of the choices are causes of hyporesponsiveness

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11A.06
Topic: Endocrine System
 

25. Which of the following hormones is not secreted by the anterior pituitary gland? 
A. Somatotropin
B. Prolactin
C. Corticotropin
D. Erythropoietin
E. TSH

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11B.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

26. Brain hormones that regulate the secretion of hormones from the anterior pituitary gland
are called 
A. Hypophysiotropic hormones
B. Growth factors
C. Releasing or release-inhibiting hormones
D. Hypophysiotropic hormones and growth factors
E. Hypophysiotropic hormones and releasing or release-inhibiting hormones

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11B.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

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Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

27. Examples of long-loop negative feedback include 

A. The stimulation of dopamine release by prolactin
B. Inhibition of GHRH release by GH
C. Inhibition of GHRH release by IGF-I
D. The stimulation of dopamine release by prolactin and inhibition of GHRH release by GH
E. Inhibition of GHRH release by GH and inhibition of GHRH release by IGF-I

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Section 11B.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

28. Which of the following statements is correct? 

A. Anterior pituitary hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus
B. All hormones secreted by the anterior and posterior pituitary glands are peptides
C. IGF-I stimulates growth by increasing growth hormone secretion through positive
feedback
D. Both anterior pituitary hormones are synthesized in the hypothalamus and all hormones
secreted by the anterior and posterior pituitary glands are peptides are correct
E. Both all hormones secreted by the anterior and posterior pituitary glands are peptides and
IGF-I stimulates growth by increasing growth hormone secretion through positive feedback
are correct

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Section 11B.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

29. The precursor for cortisol is ________, which is made from ________. Cortisol is secreted
by ________ when stimulated by ________ from the anterior pituitary. 
A. Androstenedione, progesterone, adrenal cortex, CRH
B. Progesterone, cholesterol, adrenal medulla, ACTH
C. Testosterone, cholesterol, adrenal medulla, ACTH
D. Progesterone, cholesterol, adrenal cortex, ACTH
E. Estrogen, cholesterol, adrenal medulla, CRH

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11A.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

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Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

30. The posterior pituitary 

A. Synthesizes oxytocin and vasopressin
B. Is neural tissue
C. Secretes hormones when stimulated by action potentials generated in the hypothalamus
D. Both synthesizes oxytocin and vasopressin and is neural tissue are correct
E. Both is neural tissue and secretes hormones when stimulated by action potentials generated
in the hypothalamus are correct

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11B.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

31. The gonadotropic hormones 

A. Stimulate hormone secretion by the gonads
B. Are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland of both males and females
C. Are LH and prolactin
D. Both stimulate hormone secretion by the gonads and are secreted by the anterior pituitary
gland of both males and females are correct
E. All of the choices are correct

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11B.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

32. If the adrenal glands were removed from a patient, his plasma cortisol levels would
________ and secretion of ________ by the adenohypophysis would ________ because the
________ would secrete ________ amounts of the regulator ________. This last effect would
occur because of the loss of ________. 
A. Increase; TSH; increase; brain; reduced; ACTH; equilibrium
B. Decrease; ACTH; increase; hypothalamus; increased; CRH; negative feedback
C. Decrease; CRH; remain stable; hypothalamus; reduced; ACTH; negative feedback
D. Decrease; ACTH; increase; hypothalamus; increased; CRH; positive feedback
E. Decrease; ACTH; increase; hypothalamus; increased; CRH; plasma electrolytes in the
urine

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Section 11B.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

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Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

33. Hypertrophy of the adrenal cortex could result from 

A. Excessively rapid clearance of cortisol from the circulation
B. A tumor of the pituitary gland that secretes excessive amounts of ACTH
C. Inactivation of enzymes that are required to synthesize corticosteroids
D. Excessively rapid clearance of cortisol from the circulation and a tumor of the pituitary
gland that secretes excessive amounts of ACTH
E. All of the choices are correct

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Section 11A.06
Topic: Endocrine System
 

34. A subject consuming a diet deficient in iodine is likely to have 

A. A low plasma concentration of thyroxine due to reduced secretion of TSH by the pituitary
gland
B. A low plasma concentration of thyroxine and an enlarged thyroid gland
C. A high plasma concentration of TSH
D. A low plasma concentration of thyroxine due to reduced secretion of TSH by the pituitary
gland and a low plasma concentration of thyroxine and an enlarged thyroid gland
E. A low plasma concentration of thyroxine and an enlarged thyroid gland and a high plasma
concentration of TSH

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Section 11C.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

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Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

35. What would be the effect of a blood clot that blocked the veins of the hypothalamo-
pituitary portal system in the infundibulum between the hypothalamus and the anterior
pituitary gland? 
A. Secretion of ACTH will decrease and the adrenal cortex will atrophy
B. The secretion of gonadotropins will decrease and the gonads will hypertrophy
C. Plasma cortisol concentration will decrease, which will cause a decrease in long-loop
negative feedback, and so the secretion of ACTH by the pituitary gland will increase
D. Both secretion of ACTH will decrease and the adrenal cortex will atrophy and the secretion
of gonadotropins will decrease and the gonads will hypertrophy would occur
E. Both the secretion of gonadotropins will decrease and the gonads will hypertrophy and
plasma cortisol concentration will decrease, which will cause a decrease in long-loop negative
feedback, and so the secretion of ACTH by the pituitary gland will increase would occur

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Section 11B.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

36. Exposure to stress activates the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical system as

demonstrated by 
A. Increased secretion of corticotropin from the anterior pituitary in response to stress
B. Increased secretion of corticotropin releasing hormone from the hypothalamus in response
to stress
C. Increased secretion of cortisol from the adrenal medulla in response to stress
D. Increased secretion of corticotropin from the anterior pituitary in response to stress and
increased secretion of corticotropin releasing hormone from the hypothalamus in response to
stress
E. All of the choices are correct

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Section 11B.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

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Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

37. Long-loop negative feedback differs from short-loop negative feedback by 

A. The distance that the chemical regulator must travel to reach its site of action
B. Whether or not autocrine or paracrine signals such as prostaglandins are involved
C. Whether or not the hormonal product of a peripheral target organ (e.g., the gonads or
adrenals) is involved
D. All of the choices are correct
E. None of the choices are correct

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Section 11B.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

38. If the pituitary gland is removed from a human subject, which of the following is likely to
occur? 
A. The adrenal gland will hypertrophy to increase cortisol production
B. The adrenal gland will atrophy and plasma cortisol levels will be reduced
C. The hypothalamus will secrete less CRH
D. The subject will remain euthyroid
E. None of these things are likely to occur

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Section 11B.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

39. The hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary include 

A. Vasopressin
B. Corticotropin
C. Oxytocin
D. Vasopressin and corticotropin
E. Vasopressin and oxytocin

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11B.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

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Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

40. Stimuli for the secretion of growth hormone include 

A. Waking from sleep
B. Exercising
C. Increased levels of IGF-I in blood
D. Waking from sleep and exercising
E. Exercising and increased levels of IGF-I in blood

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11E.03
Topic: Endocrine System
 

41. Deficiency of iodine in the diet results in a goiter (an enlarged thyroid gland). Which of
the following statements offers the best explanation for this phenomenon? 
A. The thyroid enlarges so that it can secrete more thyroid hormones to compensate for the
lack of iodine
B. Decreased plasma iodine levels are detected by the hypothalamus, which stimulates the
anterior pituitary to secrete more thyroid stimulating hormone
C. Without iodine, the thyroid gland cannot produce thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormones
normally act as a negative-feedback signal for the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Loss of
this signal results in excessive secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone
D. All of the choices are correct
E. None of the choices are correct

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Section 11C.02
Topic: Endocrine System
 

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Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

42. Carlos and Sally each have a routine physical examination that includes measurement of
thyroid hormone levels in their plasma

   
Sally has no symptoms of thyroid problems. Therefore, 
A. Carlos probably has symptoms of hypothyroidism
B. Carlos probably has symptoms of hyperthyroidism
C. Carlos probably has no symptoms of thyroid problems
D. Sally probably has a goiter

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Section 11C.04
Topic: Endocrine System
 

43. Hypersecretion of growth hormone is most likely to result in 

A. Acromegaly
B. Dwarfism
C. Decreased plasma concentration of IGF-I
D. Acromegaly and decreased plasma concentration of IGF-I
E. Dwarfism and decreased plasma concentration of IGF-I

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11E.03
Topic: Endocrine System
 

44. A patient appears in a clinic complaining of chronic fatigue and unusual sensitivity to
cold. He also has a lump in his neck near his larynx. Blood tests show he has low levels of TH
in his plasma. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? 
A. Primary hyperthyroidism
B. Secondary hyperthyroidism
C. Secondary hypothyroidism
D. Insufficient secretion of TRH
E. Insufficient iodine in the patient's diet

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Section 11C.04
Topic: Endocrine System
 

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Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

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Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

45. To synthesize thyroid hormones, iodine is attached to 

A. Cholesterol
B. The amino acid tyrosine
C. The amino acid tryptophan
D. Acetyl coenzyme A
E. The amino acid phenylalanine

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11A.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

46. Thyroid hormones stimulate metabolism by stimulating 

A. Lipid synthesis
B. The Na/K ATPase
C. Action potentials
D. Cell division

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11C.03
Topic: Endocrine System
 

47. An absence of thyroid hormones during fetal development leads to 

A. Acromegaly
B. Cushing's syndrome
C. Cretinism
D. Graves' disease
E. Addison's disease

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11C.03
Topic: Endocrine System
 

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Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

48. Stress 
A. Refers to a wide variety of noxious stimuli
B. Invariably results in aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex
C. Usually activates the parasympathetic nervous system
D. Both refers to a wide variety of noxious stimuli and invariably results in aldosterone
secretion by the adrenal cortex are correct
E. Both refers to a wide variety of noxious stimuli and usually activates the parasympathetic
nervous system are correct

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11D
Topic: Endocrine System
 

49. During stress, cortisol 

A. Stimulates protein synthesis
B. Antagonizes the actions of insulin
C. Increases glucose availability to the brain
D. Both stimulates protein synthesis and antagonizes the actions of insulin are correct
E. Both antagonizes the actions of insulin and increases glucose availability to the brain are
correct

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11D.02
Topic: Endocrine System
 

50. The major hormone responsible for mediating the body's response to stress is 
A. Thyroid hormone
B. Growth hormone
C. Testosterone
D. Aldosterone
E. Cortisol

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11D
Topic: Endocrine System
 

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Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

51. Which of the following is/are not stimulated by cortisol during stress? 

A. Gluconeogenesis
B. Protein catabolism
C. Glucose uptake and oxidation
D. Triglyceride catabolism
E. All of the choices are stimulated by cortisol

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11D.02
Topic: Endocrine System
 

52. Which of the following statements regarding activation of the sympathetic nervous system
during stress is true? 
A. It increases one's ability to respond to situations where physical activity is required
B. It increases blood flow to the skeletal muscles and viscera
C. It inhibits blood clotting
D. Both it increases one's ability to respond to situations where physical activity is required
and it increases blood flow to the skeletal muscles and viscera are true
E. Both it increases one's ability to respond to situations where physical activity is required
and it inhibits blood clotting are true

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11D.04
Topic: Endocrine System
 

53. During stress, 
A. Insulin secretion is stimulated and glucagon secretion is inhibited
B. Hormones that decrease salt and water excretion are secreted
C. Prolactin and growth hormone are co-secreted from the anterior pituitary with ACTH
D. Both insulin secretion is stimulated and glucagon secretion is inhibited and hormones that
decrease salt and water excretion are secreted occur
E. Both hormones that decrease salt and water excretion are secreted and prolactin and growth
hormone are co-secreted from the anterior pituitary with ACTH occur

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Section 11D.04
Topic: Endocrine System
 

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Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

54. Which statement best describes the manner in which growth hormone stimulates cell
proliferation? 
A. It directly stimulates cell division in most tissues
B. It stimulates the release of insulin-like growth factor I from the liver
C. It stimulates metabolism
D. It stimulates the release of eicosanoids from lymphoid tissues
E. All of the choices are correct

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Section 11E.03
Topic: Endocrine System
 

55. Growth hormone secretion rate is highest 

A. In utero
B. During childhood
C. During adolescence
D. During adulthood
E. During senescence

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11E.03
Topic: Endocrine System
 

56. Bone growth 
A. Occurs as a result of osteoblast division
B. Of the long bones requires growth of the epiphyseal cartilage
C. Of the long bones ceases after closure of the epiphyseal growth plate
D. Both occurs as a result of osteoblast division and of the long bones requires growth of the
epiphyseal cartilage are correct
E. Both of the long bones requires growth of the epiphyseal cartilage and of the long bones
ceases after closure of the epiphyseal growth plate are correct

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11E.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

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Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

57. The vast majority of the body's calcium is held in reserve in 

A. Connective tissues embedded in collagen
B. Blood, dissolved within the plasma
C. Skeletal muscle, stored in terminal cisternae
D. Bones, in the form of hydroxyapatites
E. All of the above have the make equal contributions to the storage capacity of calcium
Scrambling: Locked
F. in the body

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11F.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

58. Which of the hormones listed below has the most profound direct effect on the decrease of
bone mass, increased resorption of bone, in response to lowered plasma calcium levels? 
A. Thyroxine
B. Parathyroid hormone
C. Calcitonin
D. Cortisol
E. Insulin

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11F.02
Topic: Endocrine System
 

59. All of the following effects would be attributed to parathyroid hormone, except 

A. Increases the bone degrading activity of osteoclasts
B. Increases the bone building activities of osetoblasts
C. Promotes vitamin D synthesis, leading to increased intestinal absorption of calcium
D. Produces urinary excretion of calcium
E. Decreases reabsorption of phosphate released as bone mineral salts are liberated from
bones

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Section 11F.02
Topic: Endocrine System
 

11-25
Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

60. An adenoma of the parathyroid gland can produce 

A. Hypercalcemia
B. Hypocalcemia
C. Increased kidney reabsorption of calcium
D. Decreased intestinal absorption of calcium
E. Both hypocalcemia and increased kidney reabsorption of calcium

Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

Section 11F.02
Topic: Endocrine System
 

61. Which of the following is true regarding pituitary growth hormone? 

A. The liver produces a factor that mediates the metabolic actions of GH
B. GH stimulates IGF-I production by the liver and by many other cells
C. GH has diabetogenic activity
D. Both the liver produces a factor that mediates the metabolic actions of GH and GH
stimulates IGF-I production by the liver and by many other cells are true
E. Both GH stimulates IGF-I production by the liver and by many other cells and GH has
diabetogenic activity are true

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11E.03
Topic: Endocrine System
 

62. Which of the following is not true of pituitary growth hormone? 

A. It directly promotes protein anabolism in many cells
B. It causes differentiation of precursor cells that then respond to IGF-I by proliferating
C. Hypersecretion of growth hormone in adults leads to acromegaly
D. It is absent or deficient in pituitary dwarfs
E. It is necessary for fetal growth

Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Section 11E.03
Topic: Endocrine System
 

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Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

63. Thyroid hormones are important for growth because they 

A. Maintain the responsiveness of various tissues to growth-promoting hormones
B. Promote synthesis of GH by the anterior pituitary gland
C. Increase metabolic rate above normal when their levels are high
D. Both do maintain the responsiveness of various tissues to growth-promoting hormones and
promote synthesis of GH by the anterior pituitary gland are correct
E. Do all of the choices

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11E.03
Topic: Endocrine System
 

64. A deficiency in dietary iodine can cause 

A. Cretinism
B. A slowing of mental functions
C. Low metabolic rate
D. Cretinism and a slowing of mental functions
E. All of these things

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11C.04
Topic: Endocrine System
 

65. Estrogen in females and testosterone in males 

A. Are responsible for the pubertal growth spurt
B. Are responsible for epiphyseal plate closure
C. Cause increased strength and mass of skeletal muscle
D. Both are responsible for the pubertal growth spurt and are responsible for epiphyseal plate
closure are correct
E. All of the choices are correct

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11E.03
Topic: Endocrine System
 
 

True / False Questions

 

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Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

66. An endocrine cell that contains an abundance of granular endoplasmic reticulum, a large
Golgi apparatus, and secretion granules is likely to secrete a peptide hormone. 
TRUE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11A.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

67. Steroid hormones are stored in the cells that synthesize them until a stimulus is received
that provokes their secretion. 
FALSE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11A.05
Topic: Endocrine System
 

68. The adrenal cortex secretes androgens. 

TRUE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11A.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

69. Ovaries synthesize as much androgen as they do estradiol. 

TRUE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11A.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

70. Amine and peptide hormones circulate in the plasma as free hormones whereas steroid
hormones are mostly bound to circulating binding proteins. 
FALSE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11A.02
Topic: Endocrine System
 

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Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

11-29
Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

71. In general, steroid hormones bind to receptors on cell membranes, whereas peptide
hormones bind to receptors inside of cells. 
FALSE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11A.04
Topic: Endocrine System
 

72. In general, the metabolism and excretion rates of steroid hormones are higher than those
of peptide hormones. 
FALSE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11A.03
Topic: Endocrine System
 

73. The concentration of a hormone in the blood can affect the number of receptors for that
hormone on or in a target cell. 
TRUE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11A.04
Topic: Endocrine System
 

74. Thyroid hormones exert a permissive effect on the actions of epinephrine. 

TRUE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11A.04
Topic: Endocrine System
 

75. Most molecules of thyroxine and thyrotropin in blood are bound to proteins. 

FALSE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11C.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

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Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

11-31
Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

76. Stimuli for the secretion of hormones include changes in plasma concentrations of ions,
nutrients, and other hormones. 
TRUE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11A.05
Topic: Endocrine System
 

77. The mechanism of action of lipid-soluble hormones is the stimulation or inhibition of

specific DNA-dependent protein synthesis. 
TRUE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11A.04
Topic: Endocrine System
 

78. Binding of lipid-insoluble hormones to their receptors often results in the formation of one
or more second messengers that lead to alterations of the cell's activity. 
TRUE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11A.04
Topic: Endocrine System
 

79. A precursor of cortisol is cholesterol. 

TRUE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11A.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

80. The adrenal cortex is part of the autonomic nervous system. 

FALSE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11A.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

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Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

11-33
Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

81. Receptors for estradiol, T3, and vasopressin are located in the nuclei of target cells. 
FALSE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11A.04
Topic: Endocrine System
 

82. Unlike neurons, endocrine cells generally do not act as integrators of various kinds of
positive or negative inputs. 
FALSE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11 Introduction
Topic: Endocrine System
 

83. In cases where the plasma concentration of an ion or nutrient affects the secretion rate of a
hormone, the affected hormone is a regulator of the homeostasis of that ion or nutrient. 
TRUE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11A.05
Topic: Endocrine System
 

84. Hormones of the posterior lobe of the pituitary are synthesized in neuronal cell bodies of
the hypothalamus and transported to the pituitary in axonal fluid. 
TRUE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11B.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

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Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

85. The pituitary portal circulation refers to the blood vessels linking the anterior pituitary
with the target glands of anterior pituitary hormones. 
FALSE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11B.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

11-35
Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

86. The primary function of thyrotropin is to stimulate secretion of thyroid hormones. 

TRUE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11C.02
Topic: Endocrine System
 

87. The liver is a target gland of growth hormone. 

TRUE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11E.03
Topic: Endocrine System
 

88. A general name for a hormone that regulates mineral ion homeostasis is "tropic
hormone." 
FALSE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11A.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

89. The effect of some tropic hormones is to stimulate release of other tropic hormones. 
TRUE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11A.05
Topic: Endocrine System
 

90. In cases in which one adrenal cortex is destroyed, the other gland undergoes what is called
compensatory hypertrophy. 
TRUE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11C.02
Topic: Endocrine System
 

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Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

11-37
Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

91. In bone, osteoblasts secrete a protein matrix upon which calcium salts are deposited. 
FALSE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11E.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

92. The net intake and output of calcium for the entire body is regulated most directly by the
activities of the kidneys and the gastrointestinal tract. 
TRUE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11F.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

93. The amount of calcium ions within the body is dynamic and alters the total body balance
between the bones and extracellular fluid at any given time. 
FALSE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11F.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

94. In order for growth to occur, the overall rate of anabolism must be greater than the overall
rate of catabolism. 
TRUE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11E.01
Topic: Endocrine System
 

11-38
Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

95. A high-protein, low-calorie diet is the best for achieving maximal growth in infants and
children. 
TRUE

Section 11E.02
Topic: Endocrine System
 

11-39
Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

96. All other things being equal, the most damage to a child's growth and development would
be caused by malnutrition during prenatal development. 
FALSE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11E.02
Topic: Endocrine System
 

97. A hypothalamic tumor that secretes large amounts of somatostatin may cause dwarfism in
a young child. 
TRUE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11E.03
Topic: Endocrine System
 

98. Growth hormone is secreted in largest amounts during exercise. 

FALSE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11E.03
Topic: Endocrine System
 

99. The actions of thyroid hormones in stimulating body growth are permissive to the actions
of growth hormone. 
TRUE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11E.03
Topic: Endocrine System
 

100. Insulin is important for growth both before and after birth. 

TRUE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11E.03
Topic: Endocrine System
 

11-40
Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

11-41
Chapter 11 - The Endocrine System

101. Elevated plasma cortisol concentration is permissive for the growth-promoting actions of

growth hormone. 
FALSE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11E.03
Topic: Endocrine System
 

102. Depressed levels of TH in blood resulting from a defect in the cells that secrete TSH are
an example of (primary/secondary) hyposecretion of TH. 
FALSE

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

Section 11C.04
Topic: Endocrine System
 

11-42