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Ideas Phantasm Exist in The Intellect Exists in The Imagination Universal Individual Constant Changeable

This document contains notes from a Logic lecture at Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University's Mid-La Union Campus College of Arts and Sciences Political Science Department. The lecture discusses ideas, phantasms, the formation of ideas through the senses, and different types of ideas and terms. Specifically, it defines ideas as intellectual representations that are the building blocks of knowledge, while phantasms are sensible images that exist in the imagination. Ideas are formed through the five senses and apprehension. The lecture also distinguishes between concrete and abstract ideas, univocal and equivocal terms, and categorizes terms according to quantity and incompatibility.

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Joshua Casuga
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53 views

Ideas Phantasm Exist in The Intellect Exists in The Imagination Universal Individual Constant Changeable

This document contains notes from a Logic lecture at Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University's Mid-La Union Campus College of Arts and Sciences Political Science Department. The lecture discusses ideas, phantasms, the formation of ideas through the senses, and different types of ideas and terms. Specifically, it defines ideas as intellectual representations that are the building blocks of knowledge, while phantasms are sensible images that exist in the imagination. Ideas are formed through the five senses and apprehension. The lecture also distinguishes between concrete and abstract ideas, univocal and equivocal terms, and categorizes terms according to quantity and incompatibility.

Uploaded by

Joshua Casuga
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University

Mid-La Union Campus


College of Arts and Sciences
Political Science Department
San Fernando City, La Union

LOGIC (Philo 101)


Lecture #2
IDEAS
 The INTELLECTUAL representation or ‘image’ of a thing
 Building blocks of knowledge
 Constitutive elements that make up judgments (may express either truth or error)
PHANTASM
 The sensible image of a thing – the first step in the formation of an idea
Difference between IDEAS and PHANTASM

IDEAS PHANTASM
Exist in the intellect Exists in the imagination
Universal Individual
Constant Changeable

HOW ARE IDEAS FORMED?


 All knowledge starts with the senses.
 GOSKAV (Glosstetics – sense of taste, olfactory-sense of smell, sensory-sense of touch, kinesics-
body language, auditory-sense of hearing, visual-sense of sight)
APPREHENSION
 The act of the human mind by means of which it knows the essence or nature of the thing without
affirming or denying anything whatsoever
TYPES OF IDEAS

1. Concrete versus Abstract Ideas


 Concrete ideas – These ideas are tangible. They express a nature or determining attribute as
inherent in a subject.
Example: Man, rose, cow, animal etc.
 Abstract ideas – These ideas are intangible. They express a nature or deterring attribute
considered as separate from the subjects it inheres. Example: Whiteness, smallness, humanity

2. Univocal versus Equivocal (according to definiteness of meaning)


 Univocal – terms that has exactly the same meaning in at least 2 occurrences.
Example: Man’s best friend is dog. His dog is Dalmation.
 Equivocal – terms that has different meaning in at least 2 occurences
Example: I am a pitcher. When my team came, I used a pitcher to serve their drinks.

Prepared by: Dr. Maria Luisa B. Arnobit 7


TERMS: Definition

Term is the verbal expression of an idea.


1. From the standpoint of being a sign of a concept
o An articulate sound that serves as a conversational or arbitrary sign of a concept.
o The last element into which a proposition may be broken down.
o A sensible, conventional sign expressive of a concept or idea.
o Spoken or written word expressive of a concept
2. From the standpoint of its being the ultimate structure element into which a proposition is
resolved
o A word or group of words that serve as the subject or predicate of a proposition.
Example: All Muslims are believers.
Subject Predicate

Types of Terms:

A. According to Quantity
1. Singular Term – Stands for a single individual or object
Example: Proper names (e.g. University President)
Demonstrative pronouns (‘this’ and ‘that’, ‘those’)
Superlatives (e.g. the tallest girl)
Collective nouns (e.g. the team, herd, army, group)

2. Particular term – Stands for an indefinite number of individuals of a class


Example: Some men Several worms Most Ilonggos
Three rebels A few sacks of rice A carabao

3. Universal Term – Stands not only for a class as a whole but also for each member of that class
Example: All Filipinos Each Christian
Every Maranao Men without exception
Whoever is in the room Whatever is lighter than water

B. According to Incompatibility

1. Contradictory terms – those wherein one affirms what the other denies
2. Contrary terms – represent the two extremes among objects of a series belonging to the same
class
3. Relative terms – those wherein one cannot be understood without the other
4. Private terms – those wherein one signifies a perfection and the other denies a perfection in a
subject which naturally ought to possess it

Prepared by: Dr. Maria Luisa B. Arnobit 8


Prepared by: Dr. Maria Luisa B. Arnobit 9

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