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A Briefer on the List of the Most Essential Competencies for Science

The K to 12 Basic Education Curriculum is standards-based. The content standards cover a specified scope of sequential topics, identify and set the
essential knowledge and understanding that must be learned. The performance standards describe the abilities and skills that the learners are expected to
demonstrate in relation to the content standards. These standards are further represented as learning competencies which are the knowledge, skills and
attitudes that students need to demonstrate in every lesson or learning activity.
With the expected decrease in the contact hours of teaching science brought by the change in schedule of the school year, the Curriculum Standards
Development Division of the Bureau of Curriculum Development has identified learning competencies that are critical. This list, the Most Essential Learning
Competencies (MELCs) were identified using the criterion Endurance. Enduring competencies are those that remains with learners long after a test is
completed (Reeves, 2002) or is useful beyond a single test or unit of study. (Many and Horrell, 2014). They also refer to learning competencies which are
essential in many professions and in everyday life.
The grade level standards were also used as basis in determining the MELCs, considering that the Science curriculum uses a spiral progression design.
It is important to make sure that learning competencies needed in the understanding of succeeding concepts in the next grade level are given importance.
Over all, the resulting list still captures the objective of the science program which is the development of scientifically, technologically, and environmentally
literate and productive members of society who manifest skills as a critical problem solvers, responsible stewards of nature, innovative and creative citizens,
informed decision makers, and effective communicators.

The table below in an example of how the Most Essential Learning Competencies is identified in the domain Matter in the different Key Stages.

KEY Retained LC Deleted LC Justification

STAGE
Key S3MT-Ic-d-2 S3MT-Ia-b-1 Description of shape and weight has been discussed in Grades 1 and 2 and
Stage 1 Classify objects and materials Describe different objects based on how it is stated the deleted LC (S3MT-Ia-b-1) can be covered in
as solid, liquid, and gas based based on their characteristics the retained LC (S3MT-Ic-d-2). Furthermore, the ability to classify solids,
on some observable (e.g. Shape, Weight, Volume, liquids and gases based on observable characteristics is a foundation of
characteristics Ease of flow); other science skills.

Key S5MT-Ih-i-4 S5MT- Ie-g-3 The retained LC will already cover the intention of the deleted LC (S5MT-
Stage 2 Design a product out of local, Recognize the importance of Ie-g-3)
recyclable solid and/or liquid recycle, reduce, reuse, recover and will even require students to be more creative
materials in making useful and repair in waste
products management
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Key S8MT-IIIi-j-12 S8MT-IIIg- h-11 The deleted LC(S8MT-IIIg- h-11) is deemed not as essential as the retained
Stage 3 Use the periodic table to Trace the development of the LC (S8MT-IIIi-j-12) as it requires the student to use the properties of
predict the chemical behavior periodic table from observations elements to predict the chemical behavior of an element, hence it is more
of an element based on similarities in properties encompassing.
of elements
Key S11/12PS-IIIc-d17 S11/12PS-IIId-e18 The deleted LC (S11/12PS-IIId-e18) is subsumed in the retained LC
Stage 4 describe the general types of give the type of intermolecular (S11/12PS-IIIc-d7).
intermolecular forces forces in the properties of
substances

Grade Level: Grade 3

Subject: Science

Quarter Content Standard Performance Standard

Most Essential Learning Competencies Duration
The learners demonstrate The learners should be able to...
understanding of...
1st ways of sorting materials and group common objects found at home and in Classify objects and materials as solid, Week 1-
describing them as solid, liquid or gas school according to solids, liquids and gas liquid, and gas based on some observable 2
based on observable properties characteristics;
Describe changes in materials based on the Week 3-
effect of temperature: 5
1 solid to liquid
2 liquid to solid
3 liquid to gas
4 solid to gas
2nd parts, and functions of the sense practice healthful habits in taking care of the Describe the functions of the sense organs Week 1
organs of the human body; sense organs; of the human body
parts and functions of animals and enumerate ways of grouping animals based Describe animals in their immediate Week 2
importance to humans on their structure and importance surroundings
Identify the external parts and functions of Week 2
animals
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Classify animals according to body parts Week 3

and use
State the importance of animals to humans Week 3
external parts of plants and their demonstrate the proper ways of handling Describe the parts of different kinds of Week 4
functions, and importance to humans plants plants
State the importance of plants to humans Week 4
characteristics of living and nonliving illustrates the difference between living and Compare living with nonliving things Week 5
things non-living things Identify observable characteristics that are Week 5
passed on from parents to offspring (e.g.,
humans, animals, plants)
basic needs of plants, animals and list down activities which they can perform Identify the basic needs of humans, plants Week 6
humans at home, in school, or in their neighborhood and animals such as air, food, water, and
to keep the environment clean shelter
Explain how living things depend on the Week 6
environment to meet their basic needs
Recognize that there is a need to protect Week 7
and conserve the environment
3rd motion of objects observe, describe, and investigate the Describe the position of a person or an Week 1-
position and movement of things around object in relation to a reference point such 3
them as chair, door, another person
sources and uses of light, sound, heat apply the knowledge of the sources and uses Describe the different uses of light, sound, Week 4-
and electricity of light, sound, heat, and electricity heat and electricity in everyday life 5
4th people, animals, plants, lakes, rivers, express their concerns about their Relate the importance of surroundings to Week 1-
streams, hills, surroundings through teacher-guided and people and other living things 2
mountains, and other landforms, and self – directed activities
their importance

types and effects of weather as they express ideas about safety measures during Describe the changes in the weather over a Week 3-
relate to daily activities, health and different weather conditions creatively period of time 4
safety (through artwork, poem, song Enumerate and practice safety and Week 5
precautionary measures in dealing with
different types of weather
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natural objects in the sky affect one’s list down activities which affect their daily Describe the natural objects that are found Week 6 in
daily activities activities the sky during daytime and nighttime

Grade Level: Grade 4

Subject: Science

Quarter Content Standard Performance Standard

Most Essential Learning Competencies Duration
The learners demonstrate The learners should be able to...
understanding of...
1st grouping different materials based on Recognize and practice proper handling of Week 1
their properties products Classify materials based on the ability to
absorb water, float, sink, undergo decay;

changes that materials undergo when evaluate whether changes in materials are Describe changes in solid materials when Week 2 -
exposed to certain conditions. useful or harmful to one’s environment they are bent, pressed, hammered, or cut; 3
Describe changes in properties of materials Week 4 -
when exposed to certain conditions such as 5
temperature or when mixed with other
materials
Identify changes in materials whether Week 6-
useful or harmful to one’s environment. 7
2nd how the major internal organs such as construct a prototype model of organism Describe the main function of the major Week 1
the brain, heart, lungs, liver, stomach, that has body parts which can survive in a organs
intestines, kidneys, bones, and muscles given environment Communicate that the major organs work Week 1
keep the body healthy together to make the body function
properly
animals have body parts that make Infer that body structures help animals Week 2
them adapt to land or adapt and survive in their particular habitat
plants have body parts that make them Identify the specialized structures of Week 3
adapt to land or water terrestrial and aquatic plants
different organisms go through life Compare the stages in the life cycle of Week 4
cycle which can be affected by their
organisms
environment
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beneficial and harmful interactions Describe the effect of the environment on Week 5
occur among living things and their the life cycle of organisms
environment as they obtain basic needs Describe some types of beneficial and Week 6
harmful interactions among living things
Describe the effects of interactions among Week 7
organism in their environment
3rd force that can change the shape, size or Explain the effects of force when applied Week 1-
movement of objects. to an object 2
Characterize magnetic force Week 3
how light, heat and sound travel using demonstrate conceptual understanding of Describe how light, sound and heat travel Week 4-
various objects properties/characteristics of light, heat and 5
sound Investigate properties and characteristics of Week 6-
light and sound 7
4th the different types of soil Compare and contrast the characteristics of Week 1
different types of soil
the different sources of water suitable Explain the use of water from different Week 2
for human consumption sources in the context of daily activities
Trace and describe the importance of the Week 3
water cycle
components of weather using simple practice precautionary measures in planning Use weather instruments and describe the Week 4
instruments activities different weather components in a weather
chart
Identify safety precautions during different Week 5
weather conditions
the Sun as the main source of heat and Describe the changes in the position and Week 6
light on Earth length of shadows in the surroundings as
the position of the Sun changes
Describe the effects of the Sun to human Week 6
activities
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Grade Level: Grade 5

Subject: Science
Quarter Content Standard Performance Standard

Most Essential Learning Competencies Duration

The learners demonstrate The learners should be able to...
understanding of...
1st properties of materials to determine uses local, recyclable solid and/or liquid Use the properties of materials whether Week 1-
whether they are useful or harmful materials in making useful products they are useful or harmful 2
materials undergo changes due to Investigate changes that happen in Week 3-
oxygen and heat materials under the following conditions: 4
1 presence or lack of oxygen
2 application of heat
Design a product out of local, recyclable Week 5-
solid and/ or liquid materials in making 6
useful products.
2nd how the parts of the human Practice proper hygiene to care of the Describe the parts of the reproductive Week 1
reproductive system work reproductive organs system and their functions
Explain the menstrual cycle Week 2
how animals reproduce create a hypothetical community to show Describe the different modes of Week 3
how organisms interact and reproduce to reproduction in animals such as butterflies,
survive mosquitoes, frogs, cats and dogs
how plants reproduce Describe the reproductive parts in plants Week 4
and their functions
Describe the different modes of Week 5
reproduction in flowering and non-
flowering plants such as moss, fern, mongo
and others
the interactions for survival among Discuss the interactions among living things Week 6
living and non-living things that take and non-living things in estuaries and
place in estuaries and intertidal zones intertidal zones
Explain the need to protect and conserve Week 7
estuaries and intertidal zones
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3rd motion in terms of distance and time Describe the motion of an object by tracing Week 1
and measuring its change in position
(distance travelled) over a period of time
how different objects interact with light Discuss why some materials are good Week 2
and sound, heat ; conductors of heat and electricity
Week 3
the effects of heat and electricity, light Relate the ability of the material to block,
and sound on people and objects
absorb or transmit light to its use

a simple DC circuit and the relationship propose Infer the conditions necessary to make a bulb Week 4
between electricity and magnetism in device using electromagnet that is useful for light up
electromagnets home school or community Determine the effects of changing the Week 5
number or type of components in a circuit
Design an experiment to determine the Week 6
factors that affect the strength of the
electromagnet
4th weathering and soil erosion shape the participate in projects that reduce soil Describe how rocks turn into soil Week 1
Earth’s surface and affect living things erosion in the community Investigate extent of soil erosion in the Week 2
and the environment community and its effects on living things and
the environment
weather disturbances and their effects prepares individual emergency kit. Characterize weather disturbances in the Week 3
on the environment. Philippines and describe their effects to daily
life
the phases of the Moon and the beliefs debug local myths and folklore about the Infer the pattern in the changes in the Week 4
and practices associated with it Moon and the Stars by presenting pieces of appearance of the Moon
constellations and the information evidence to convince the community folks Identify star patterns that can be seen at Week 5
derived from their location in the sky. particular times of the year
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Grade Level: Grade 6

Subject: Science
Quarter Content Standard Performance Standard

Most Essential Learning Competencies Duration

The learners demonstrate The learners should be able to...
understanding of...
1st different types of mixtures and their prepare beneficial and useful mixtures such Describe the appearance and uses of Week 1-
characteristics as drinks, food, and herbal medicines. homogeneous and heterogenous mixtures 3
different techniques to separate separate desired materials from common Describe techniques in separating mixtures Week 4-
mixtures and local products. such as decantation, evaporation, filtering, 6
sieving and using magnet
2nd how the major organs of the human make a chart showing healthful habits that Explain how the organs of each organ Week 1-
body work together to form organ promote proper functioning of the musculo- system work together 2
systems skeletal, integumentary, digestive, Explain how the different organ systems Week 3
circulatory, excretory, respiratory, and
work together
nervous systems
the different characteristics of 1. make an inventory of vertebrates and Week 4-
vertebrates and invertebrates invertebrates that are commonly seen in the Determine the distinguishing characteristics 5
community
of vertebrates and invertebrates
2. practice ways of caring and protecting
animals
the interactions for survival among form discussion groups to tackle issues Discuss the interactions among living things Week 6
living and non-living things that take involving protection and conservation of and non-living things in tropical rainforests,
place in tropical rainforests, coral reefs, ecosystems that serve as nurseries, breeding coral reefs and mangrove swamps
and mangrove swamps places, and habitats for economically Explain the need to protect and conserve Week 7
important plants and animals tropical rainforests, coral reefs and
mangrove swamps
3rd gravity and friction affect movement of produce an advertisement demonstrates Infer how friction and gravity affect Week 1-
objects road safety movements of different objects 2
how energy is transformed in simple create a marketing strategy for a new Demonstrate how sound, heat, light and Week 3-
machines product on electrical or light efficiency electricity can be transformed 5
Manipulate simple machines to describe their Week 6-
characteristics and uses 7
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4th the effects of earthquakes and volcanic design an emergency and preparedness plan Describe the changes on the Earth’s surface Week 1
eruptions and kit as a result of earthquakes and volcanic
eruptions
Enumerate what to do before, during and Week 2
after earthquake and volcanic eruptions
weather patterns and seasons in the Describe the different seasons in the Week 3
Philippines: Philippines
the earth’s rotation and revolution Differentiate between rotation and Week 5-
revolution and describe the effects of the 6
Earth’s motions
characteristics of planets in the solar Compare the planets of the solar system Week 7-
system 8
Construct a model of the solar system Week 8
showing the relative sizes of the planets and
their relative distances from the Sun
Grade Level: Grade 7

Subject: Science

Quarter Content Standard Performance Standard

Most Essential Learning Competencies Duration
The learners demonstrate The learners should be able to...
understanding of...
1st scientific ways of acquiring knowledge perform in groups in guided investigations Describe the components of a scientific Week 1
and solving problems involving community- based problems using
investigation
locally available materials
classifying substances as elements or make a chart, poster, or multimedia Recognize that substances are classified into Week 2-
compounds presentation of common elements showing 3
their names, symbols, and uses elements and compounds
the properties of substances that investigate the properties of mixtures of Week 4-
distinguish them from mixtures varying concentrations using available Distinguish mixtures from substances based 5
materials in the community for specific on a set of properties
purposes
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some important properties of solutions prepare different concentrations of mixtures Investigate properties of unsaturated or Week 6
according to uses and availability of saturated solutions
materials Express concentrations of solutions Week 7
quantitatively by preparing different
concentrations of mixtures according to
uses and availability of materials
2nd the parts and functions of the employ appropriate techniques using the Identify parts of the microscope and their Week 1
compound microscope compound microscope to gather data about functions
very small objects Focus specimens using the compound Week 2
microscope
the different levels of biological Describe the different levels of biological Week 3
organization organization from cell to biosphere
the difference between animal and Differentiate plant and animal cells Week 4
plant cells according to presence or absence of certain
organelles
Explain why the cell is considered the basic Week 4
structural and functional unit of all
organisms
reproduction being both asexual or Differentiate asexual from sexual Week 5
sexual reproduction in terms of:
1 Number of individuals involved;
2 Similarities of offspring to parents
organisms interacting with each other Differentiate biotic from abiotic components Week 6
and with their environment to survive of an ecosystem
Describe the different ecological relationships Week 6
found in an ecosystem
Predict the effect of changes in abiotic factors Week 7
on the ecosystem
3rd motion in one dimension conduct a forum on mitigation and disaster Describe the motion of an object in terms of Week 1-
risk reduction distance or displacement, speed or velocity, 2
and acceleration
Create and interpret visual representation of Week 3
the motion of objects such as tape charts and
motion graphs
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waves as a carriers of energy Infer that waves carry energy Week 4

Describe the characteristics of sound using Week 4
the concepts of wavelength, velocity, and
amplitude
the characteristics of light suggest proper lighting in various activities Explain color and intensity of light in terms Week 5
of its wave characteristics
how heat is transferred Infer the conditions necessary for heat Week 6
transfer to occur
charges and the different charging Describe the different types of charging Week 7
processes processes
4th the relation of geographical location of analyze the advantage of the location of the Demonstrate how places on Earth may be Week 1
the Philippines to its environment Philippines in relation to the climate, located using a coordinate system
weather, and seasons Cite and explain ways of using Earth’s Week 2
resources sustainably
the different phenomena that occur in Discuss how energy from the Sun interacts Week 3
the atmosphere with the layers of the atmosphere
Account for the occurrence of land and sea Week 3
breezes, monsoons, and intertropical
convergence zone (ITCZ)
the relationship of the seasons and the Using models, relate: Week 4-
position of the Sun in the sky 1 the tilt of the Earth to the length of 5
daytime
2 the length of daytime to the amount of
energy received
3 the position of the Earth in its orbit to
the height of the Sun in the sky
4 the height of the Sun in the sky to the
amount of energy received
5 the latitude of an area to the amount of
energy the area receives
6 tilt of the Earth and the seasons
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the occurrence of eclipses Explain how solar and lunar eclipses Week 6

occur using models

Grade Level: Grade 8

Subject: Science

Quarter Content Standard Performance Standard

Most Essential Learning Competencies Duration
The learners demonstrate The learners should be able to...
understanding of...
1st Newton’s three laws of motion develop a written plan and implement a Investigate the relationship between the Week 1
“Newton’s Olympics” amount of force applied and the mass of the
object to the amount of change in the
object’s motion
Infer that when a body exerts a force on Week 1
another, an equal amount of force is exerted Week 2
back on it
work using constant force, power, Identify and explain the factors that affect Week 3
gravitational potential energy, kinetic Week 3
potential and kinetic energy
energy, and elastic potential energy
the propagation of sound through Investigates the effect of temperature to the Week 4
solid, liquid, and gas speed of sound
some properties and characteristics of discuss phenomena such as blue sky, Explain the hierarchy of colors in relation to Week 4
visible light rainbow, and red sunset using the concept
the energy of visible light
of wavelength and frequency of visible light
heat and temperature, and the effects Differentiate between heat and temperature Week 4
of heat on the body at the molecular level
current- voltage-resistance Infer the relationship between current and Week 5-
relationship, electric power, electric voltage 6
energy, and home circuitry Explain the advantages and disadvantages of Week 7
series and parallel connections in homes
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Explain the functions of circuit breakers, Week 7

fuses, earthing, double insulation, and other
safety devices in the home
2nd the relationship between faults and 1. participate in decision making on where Using models or illustrations, explain how Week 1
earthquakes to build structures based on knowledge of movements along faults generate earthquakes
the location of active faults in the Differentiate the Week 1-
community 1 epicenter of an earthquake from its 2
2. make an emergency plan and prepare an focus;
emergency kit for use at home and in 2 intensity of an earthquake from its
school magnitude;
3 active and inactive faults
Explain how earthquake waves provide Week 3
information about the interior of the earth
the formation of typhoons and their 1. demonstrate precautionary measures Explain how typhoon develops and how it is Week 4
movement within the PAR before, during, and after a typhoon, affected by landmasses and bodies of water
including following advisories, storm Week 5
signals, and calls for evacuation given by
government agencies in charge Trace the path of typhoons that enter the
2. participate in activities that lessen the Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) using a
map and tracking data
risks brought by typhoons

characteristics of comets, meteors, and discuss whether or not beliefs and practices Compare and contrast comets, meteors, and Week 6
asteroids about comets and meteors have scientific
asteroids
basis
3rd the particle nature of matter as basis present how water behaves in its different Explain the properties of solids, liquids, and Week 1-
for explaining properties, physical states within the water cycle gases based on the particle nature of matter; 2
changes, and structure of substances Explain physical changes in terms of the Week 3-
and mixtures arrangement and motion of atoms and 4
molecules;
the identity of a substance according to Determine the number of protons, neutrons, Week 5-
its atomic structure and electrons in a particular atom; 6
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the periodic table of elements as an Use the periodic table to predict the Week 7-

organizing tool to determine the 8

chemical behavior of an element.
chemical properties of elements
4th 1. the digestive system and its present an analysis of the data gathered on Week 1
interaction with the circulatory, diseases resulting from nutrient deficiency
respiratory, and excretory systems in
providing the body with nutrients for Explain ingestion, absorption, assimilation,
energy
and excretion
2. diseases that result from nutrient
deficiency and ingestion of harmful
substances, and their prevention and
treatment
1. how cells divide to produce new cells report on the importance of variation in Compare mitosis and meiosis, and their role Week 2
2. meiosis as one of the processes plant and animal breeding in the cell-division cycle
producing genetic variations of the Explain the significance of meiosis in Week 2
Mendelian Pattern of Inheritance maintaining the chromosome number
Predict phenotypic expressions of traits Week 3
following simple patterns of inheritance
1. the concept of a species report (e.g., through a travelogue) on the Explain the concept of a species Week 4
2. the species as being further classified activities that communities engage in to Classify organisms using the hierarchical Week 4
into a hierarchical taxonomic system protect and conserve endangered and taxonomic system
economically important species Explain the advantage of high biodiversity in Week 5
maintaining the stability of an ecosystem
the one-way flow of energy and the make a poster comparing food choices Describe the transfer of energy through the Week 5
cycling of materials in an ecosystem based on the trophic levels’ trophic levels
Analyze the roles of organisms in the cycling Week 6
of materials
Explain how materials cycle in an ecosystem Week 6
Suggest ways to minimize human impact on Week 7
the environment
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Grade Level: Grade 9

Subject: Science
Quarter Content Standard Performance Standard

Most Essential Learning Competencies Duration

The learners demonstrate The learners should be able to...
understanding of...
1st 1. how the different structures of the conduct an information dissemination Explain how the respiratory and circulatory Week 1-
circulatory and respiratory systems activity on effective ways of taking care of systems work together to transport 2
work together to transport oxygen-rich the respiratory and circulatory systems nutrients, gases, and other molecules to and
blood and nutrients to the different based on data gathered from the school or from the different parts of the body
parts of the body local health workers Infer how one’s lifestyle can affect the Week 2
2. the prevention, detection, and
functioning of respiratory and circulatory
treatment of diseases affecting the
systems
circulatory and respiratory systems
1. how genetic information is organized Explain the different patterns of non- Week 3-
in genes on chromosomes 4
Mendelian inheritance
2. the different patterns of inheritance
how changes in the environment may make a multimedia presentation of a Relate species extinction to the failure of Week 5
affect species extinction timeline of extinction of representative populations of organisms to adapt to abrupt
microorganisms, plants, and animals changes in the environment
1. the structure and function of plant design and conduct an investigation to Week 6-
parts and organelles involved in provide evidence that plants can 7
photosynthesis manufacture their own food Differentiate basic features and importance
2. the structure and function of of photosynthesis and respiration
mitochondrion as the main organelle
involved in respiration
2nd 1. the development of Explain how the Quantum Mechanical Model Week 1
atomic models that led of the atom describes the energies and
to the description of the positions of the electrons
behavior of electrons Recognize different types of compounds Week 2
within atoms (ionic or covalent) based on their properties
such as melting point, hardness, polarity, and
electrical and thermal conductivity;
 334
2. how atoms combine with other Week 3

atoms by transferring or by sharing Explain how ions are formed;

electrons
3. forces that hold metals together
the type of bonds that carbon forms Explain how the structure of the carbon Week 4-
that result in the diversity of carbon atom affects the type of bonds it forms; 5
compounds Recognize the general classes and uses of Week 6
organic compounds;
the unit, mole, that quantitatively analyze the percentage composition of Use the mole concept to express mass of Week 7
measures the number of very small different brands of two food products and substances; and
particles of matter decide on the products’ appropriate Determine the percentage composition of a Week 8
percentage composition compound given its chemical formula and
vice versa.
3rd volcanoes found in the Philippines Describe the different types of volcanoes and Week 1
volcanic eruption
Explain what happens when volcanoes erupt Week 2
Illustrate how energy from volcanoes may be Week 3-
tapped for human use 4
factors that affect climate, and the participate in activities that reduce risks Explain how different factors affect the Week 5
effects of changing climate and how to and lessen effects of climate change climate of an area
adapt accordingly Describe certain climatic phenomena that Week 6-
7
occur on a global level
the relationship between the visible discuss whether or not popular beliefs and Show which constellations may be observed at Week 8-
constellations in the sky and Earth’s practices with regard to constellations and different times of the year using models 9
position along its orbit astrology have scientific basis
4th projectile motion, impulse and propose ways to enhance sports related to Describe the horizontal and vertical motions of Week 1
momentum, and conservation of linear projectile motion a projectile
momentum Investigate the relationship between the angle Week 1-
of release and the height and range of the 2
projectile
Relate impulse and momentum to collision of Week 3
objects (e.g., vehicular collision)
 335

Infer that the total momentum before and Week 3

after collision is equal
conservation of mechanical energy create a device that shows conservation of Perform activities to demonstrate Week 4
mechanical energy conservation of mechanical energy
the relationship among heat, work, and analyze how power plants generate and Construct a model to demonstrate that heat Week 5
efficiency transmit electrical energy can do work
Explain how heat transfer and energy Week 6
transformation make heat engines work
generation, transmission, and Week 6-
distribution of electrical energy from 7
power plants (hydroelectric, Explain how electrical energy is generated,
geothermal, wind, nuclear) to home transmitted, and distributed

Grade Level: Grade 10

Subject: Science

Quarter Content Standard Performance Standard

Most Essential Learning Competencies Duration
The learners demonstrate The learners should be able to...
understanding of...
1st the relationship among the locations of 1. demonstrate ways to ensure disaster Describe and relate the distribution of active Week 1-
volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and preparedness during earthquakes, volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major 3
mountain ranges tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions mountain belts to Plate Tectonic Theory
2. suggest ways by which he/she can Describe the different types of plate Week 4
contribute to government efforts in boundaries
reducing damage due to earthquakes, Explain the different processes that occur Week 5-
tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions along the plate boundaries 6
Describe the possible causes of plate Week 7
movement
Enumerate the lines of evidence that support Week 8
plate movement
 336

2nd the different regions of the Compare the relative wavelengths of different Week 1-
electromagnetic spectrum forms of electromagnetic waves 2
Cite examples of practical applications of the Week 3-
different regions of EM waves, such as the use 4
of radio waves in telecommunications
Explain the effects of EM radiation on living Week 5
things and the environment
the images formed by the different Predict the qualitative characteristics Week 6-
types of mirrors and lenses (orientation, type, and magnification) of 7
images formed by plane and curved mirrors
and lenses
Identify ways in which the properties of Week 8
mirrors and lenses determine their use in
optical instruments (e.g., cameras and
binoculars)
the relationship between electricity and Explain the operation of a simple electric Week 9
magnetism in electric motors and
motor and generator
generators
3rd 1. organisms as having feedback Explain the role of hormones involved in the Week 1
mechanisms, which are coordinated by female and male reproductive systems
the nervous and endocrine systems Describe the feedback mechanisms involved Week 2
2. how these feedback mechanisms in regulating processes in the female
help the organism maintain reproductive system (e.g., menstrual cycle)
homeostasis to reproduce and survive Describe how the nervous system Week 3
coordinates and regulates these feedback
mechanisms to maintain homeostasis
1. the information stored in DNA as Explain how protein is made using Week 4
being used to make proteins information from DNA
2. how changes in a DNA molecule Week 4
may cause changes in its product Explain how mutations may cause changes in
3. mutations that occur in sex cells as the structure and function of a protein
being heritable
 337

how evolution through natural write an essay on the importance of Explain how fossil records, comparative Week 5
selection can result in biodiversity adaptation as a mechanism for the survival anatomy, and genetic information provide
of a species evidence for evolution
Explain the occurrence of evolution Week 6
1. the influence of biodiversity on the Explain how species diversity increases the Week 7
stability of ecosystems probability of adaptation and survival of
2. an ecosystem as being capable of organisms in changing environments
supporting a limited number of Explain the relationship between population Week 7
organisms growth and carrying capacity
4th how gases behave based on the motion Investigate the relationship between: Week 1-
and relative distances between gas 1 volume and pressure at constant 2
particles temperature of a gas
2 volume and temperature at constant
pressure of a gas 3 explains these
relationships using the kinetic molecular
theory
the structure of biomolecules, which Recognize the major categories of Week 3-
are made up mostly of a limited 4
biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids,
number of elements, such as carbon,
proteins, and nucleic acids
hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
the chemical reactions associated with using any form of media, present chemical Apply the principles of conservation of mass Week 5-
biological and industrial processes reactions involved in biological and to chemical reactions 6
affecting life and the environment industrial processes affecting life and the Explain how the factors affecting rates of Week 7-
environment chemical reactions are applied in food 8
preservation and materials production,
control of fire, pollution, and corrosion
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