N contribute a national development through school’s vision, mission and

goals.

S In order for learners to gain competency in this course, they have

to undergo the following modules:

T 

Module 1 : National Service Program (CWTS)
Module 2 : Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

P
 Module 3 : Drug Education
 Module 4 : The Good Citizenship

Students are encouraged to go through the following lessons in every

module of this course to maximize their learning. They have to work on all
exercises of the lessons as they work to develop their notion of each topic
introduced in each lesson.
Therefore, to make this learning experience more fun and exciting for you,
This Course pack is designed for all first year students. study the course pack with your co-learners in your own pace of learning.

The Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS) and the Literacy God Bless!
Training Service of the National Service Training Program (NSTP) are
designed to encourage the youth to contribute to the improvement of the TABLE OF CONTENTS
general welfare and the quality of life of Filipinos. These will require the MODULE 1 : National Service Program (CWTS)
students to carry our projects and activities contributory to the general
betterment of life of community member or the enhancement of its
Lesson 1: Historical and Legal Background of the NSTP
facilities, especially those devoted to improving health, education, safety,
Lesson 2: Self – Awareness
livelihood, environment, entrepreneurship, recreation, moral of the citizenry
and other social welfare. Lesson 3: Communalism and Nationalism
Lesson 4: Values Integration and Promotion (VIP) for understanding human
The first semester is focus in the basic orientation of the dignity
implementing Rules and Regulation of R.A. No. 9163 and the general
guidelines of the school over and above the emphasis of CWTS on, drug MODULE 2 : Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
education, Disaster Risk Reduction and Management, National Security
Concerns, Environment Awareness and Protection. It is seen as the venue Lesson 1: Disaster Risk Profile of the Philippines
for the youth to render community services, social formalities and Lesson 2: DRMM concepts, principles and trends
1
Lesson 3: Overview of the Phil. Disaster Mgt. System Module Objectives/Outcomes
Lesson 4: Disaster Preparedness: flood, landslide, earthquake and fire drill
1. Discuss the legal bases of the National Services Training Program
2. Draw the scope of the three components of NSTP
MODULE 3 : Drug Education 3. Appreciate the importance of the national Service Training Program

Lesson 1: General orientation of drugs and laws, drug addiction, detection Lesson in this Module
and prevention
Lesson 2: Other relevant social concerns Lesson 1: Historical and Legal Background of NSTP
Lesson 3: Environmental Concern Lesson 2: Self – Awareness
Lesson 4: Disaster Preparedness: flood, landslide, earthquake and fire drill Lesson 3: Communalism and Nationalism
Lesson 3: Values Integration and Promotion for understanding
MODULE 4 : The Good Citizenship human dignity
Lesson 1: Student transformation and enrichment for truth
Lesson 2: Stephen Covey’s Eight habits of highly effective people
Lesson 3: Transformational Leadership and team building LESSON 1 Historical and Legal Background of NSTP

Learning Outcome:

MODULE 1 1. Identify the NSTP components.

2. Appreciate the importance of NSTP in the curriculum.

National Training Service Program Welcome to Lesson 1 of this module! The succeeding details of this
lesson are answers to some of the queries in your mind. For more
(CWTS) enlightenment, other related features and components of the program are
thus presented.
Welcome to Module 1!
This module was primarily designed as a reference and workbook
material for students enrolled in CWTS1. This module provides you
background information on the establishment of the NSTP.

2
 Activity Abstraction

Direction: Arrange the following scramble words provided below. INTRODUCTION

1. PSTN - 6. EDRCEE - Historically, many human civilizations emerged from wars between
clans or tribes. The most common cause of these wars was competition for
2. NINGTRAI - 7. EVITCINTSDI -
territories and natural resources. The clan or tribe with superior military
3. ITELARYC- 8. ITSCONUTNOIT – weapons and the strategies or tactics oftentimes turn out to be the
conqueror. The weaker the clan or tribe is destroyed or obliterated. Others
4. LWEFAER - 9. ICESERV – who were defeated were turned into slaves or absorbed into a new empire.
5. RADUITON - 10. GORPRMA- For this reason, the military was only used to conquer other clans or states
but became an instrument to preserve territories and to protect the people.
Even today, these remain functions of the military.
HISTORICAL-LEGAL BACKGROUND OF NSTP
Analysis
In this section, we shall trace the origin of the establishment of the
1. Choose at least 3 words from your answer above and describe each word National Training Program (NSTP). We will identify the different laws and
base in your understanding? circumstances that led to the enactment of Republic Act No. 9163,
1.___________________________________________________________ otherwise known as NSTP Law.
_____________________________________________________________ Republic Act No. 9163 establishes the National Service Training
_____________________________________________________________ Program or NSTP (for tertiary level students) amending for the purpose as
2.___________________________________________________________ stated on the Republic Act No. 7077 and PD No. 1706.
_____________________________________________________________ The National Training Service Training program (NSTP) is defined
_____________________________________________________________ under R.A. No. 9163, section 3, as a program aimed at enhancing civic
_____________________________________________________________ consciousness and defense preparedness in the youth by developing the
3.___________________________________________________________ ethics of service and patriotism while undergoing in any of its three
_____________________________________________________________ program components.
_____________________________________________________________ Constitutional Provisions
_____________________________________________________________ Under the article II, section 4 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution,
_____________________________________________________________ the foremost duty of the Philippine government is enunciated:

3
 “The prime duty of the Government is to serve and protect the 2. Literacy Training Service – is the program components designed to
people. The government may call upon the people to defend the state and, train students to teach literacy and numeracy skills to school children, out of
in the fulfillment thereof, all citizens may be required, under the school youths, and other segments of the society in need of their services;
condition provided by the law, to render personal military or civil services. and,
Presidential Decree No. 1706”

During the time of Pres. Marcos, Pres. Dec. 1706 (NSTP Law) was
issued. The decree aimed to provide compulsory national service for
Filipino citizens and amending certain provisions of commonwealth Act
No.1. Section 2 of PD No. 1706 states:

“National service shall be obligatory for all citizens of the

Philippines. As used in this decree, national service “shall consist of three 3. Civic Welfare Training Service pertains to the program components or
main programs namely: civic welfare service, law enforcement; and activities contributory to the general welfare and the betterment of life for
military service” the member of the community or the enhancement of its facilities,
especially those devoted to improving health, education, environment,
Distinctive Feature of CWTS, LTS, and ROTC entrepreneurship, safety, recreation, and moral of the citizenry and other
social welfare services.
CWTS and LTS deal with civic enhancement while ROTC focuses
on the defense or military preparedness. To understand further, section 3 of
Republic Act No. 9163, the program components of NSTP are defined as:
1. Reserve Training Corps – refers to the program component
institutionalized under sections 38 and 39 of Republic Act No. 7077,
designed to provide military training to tertiary level students in order to
motivate, train, organize, and mobilize them for national defense
preparedness.

These three components differ in specialization. ROTC focuses on the

military science training wherein students are trained for the preparation of
war, while CWTS and LTS deal with civic enhancement through
community immersion.

4
Are all freshmen students covered by the NSTP law?
Every first year student effective school year 2002-2003, male or Application
female enrolled in any baccalaureate degree and in at least two years
Direction: Draw or post a picture inside the following boxes that
technical or Vocational or associate course is required to complete at least
describes each function of the three components of NSTP and explain
one of the three components of the NSTP as graduation requirement and as
their differences.
stipulated in R.A. No. 9163, section 4a.

Based on R.A. Act No. 9163, Rule 3, sections 4a1, 4a2 and 4a3,
students who finished graduated before school year 2003 and 2004 are
exempted to take the NSTP. Also, exempted are those students who
completed any of the three Components but considered freshmen to the
course where they transferred or shifted.

What is the time duration of the NSTP Program?

Rule 6, 6a and 6b of Republic Act No. 9163 clarified the course

duration of NSTP wherein every student shall take national service training
program for an academic period of two semesters which consist of 3 units
per semester with minimum of 54 hours and maximum of 90 hours per
semester.

What will the students receive after completing NSTP Program? ROTC
Every student will be given a certificate of completion with _____________________________________________________________
corresponding serial number issued by CHED, TESDA, and DND as _____________________________________________________________
reflected in Rule 6, sec.12 of R.A. 9163. _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________

5
 Literacy Training Services CWTS
_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

Congratulations! This is the end of the lesson 1. Are you ready for
Lesson 2? Good! Let’s get started! Goodluck!

6
 LESSON 2 Self-Awareness BELIEF WITHIN YOURSELF
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
ABILITY TO BE POSITIVE
Learning Outcome:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
a. Relate one’s self to others to discover purposes, abilities and limitations
FLEXIBLE TO BE POSITIVE
b. Discuss the importance of self-awareness in relating others
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
c. Explain the link between self-awareness and values education DECISION MAKING
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
ABILITY TO STICK TO GOALS
Welcome to Lesson II of this module. The previous module put
emphasis not only to the NSTP’s historical background, its components, 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
rules and regulations. The emphasis also includes the relevance of the SELF-REFLECTION
NSTP in response to the topics, however, are the questions: “How can we
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
become effective community service” and “what can we do to effectively
DESIRE TO LEARN AND GROW
participate in the task of the nation building?” the process in answering
these is tedious yet rewarding. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
ABILITY TO STICK TO GOALS
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
SELF-REFLECTION

Activity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
RATE YOUR THINKING DESIRE TO LEARN AND GROW

When we are actively aware of how we see ourselves and how we 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

show up in the world, our own view of our own being evolves and grows.
Look and check each area and rate from a scale of 1, being little, or an area
for most improvement, to 10, being extremely self-aware and confident in
this aspect of your life.

7
 Analysis Abstraction
1. Are you being judged by rating COMPONENTS OF A PERSON
yourself? _____________________________________________________
Before we discuss the components of personality, let us define first the
_____________________________________________________________
meaning of a “person” or “individual” according to Thelma Lee-Mendoza, a
_____________________________________________________________
professor at the University of the Philippines, a person/individual (2002) is:
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________ .. a product of inhireted and constitutional make-up
in a continuous transaction with potent persons
in life experiences. The person is thus a product
2. Have you tried fulfilling these aspects in of life? How? Of the past, but in no sense is viewed as a finished
_____________________________________________________________ product. Each is seen as a product in the process of
_____________________________________________________________ learning.
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________ There are 4 Component that comprises a person.
_____________________________________________________________
1. Biological Component

3. What is your lowest and highest rate about yourself base of the given It pertain to the individual’s state of health and nutrition, genetics, and
areas above? How that is affects your well-being? natural physical endowments at births, normal biological growth and
development, as well as any deviation from normal functioning including
_____________________________________________________________ illnesses and physical disabilities (Mendoza 2002).
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________ Ang kinikilos ng isang tao ay naiimpluwensyahan ng estado ng kanyang
_____________________________________________________________ katawan, o integredad ng katawan. Alam naman nating lahat na hindi gaganda
ang disposition natin sa pag-aaral kung may sakit tayo, puyat, wala tayong
makain, pagod tayo, kulang tayo sa enerhiya dahil sa dami ng trabaho, at kung
anu-ano pa (Mendoza 2005).

8
2. Psychological Component  Norms or the forms in which social behavior are expressed, and the
social rules that shape these forms. These forms and rules reflect the
The way a person feels about him/himself comprises what is commonly values of society which are in turn, influences by existing culture.
termed “inner state” in describing the inner dimension of youth,  Interaction. This refers to the type of interaction and perception of
Mendoza(2004) describe the psychological component interactions made of self and others that are a basis of behavior.

.. yong pribadong mundo niya.. mga kinatatakutang mga insecurities, mga 4. Transpersonal or Spiritual Component
pangarap at panaginip, mga lakas at kahinaan na hindi basta-basta
ibinububulalas.. This refers to the relationship of the person to his or her god’s or God.
Mendoza (2005) said that this answers the existential questions-these are,
“who I am?” or what is the purpose of my existence?” the transpersonal or
There are 2 aspects of the psychological components of a person. spiritual components comprise our philosophy in life and the expression of
one’s spirituality.
1. Cognitive Aspect – this deal with the intellectual and perceptual
functioning deals with the mental processes. Determination of Personality
2. Emotional Aspect—is the “emotional” or the feeling of a person. The
processes usually concerned with emotional life of the individual-their There are two major factors that determine the personality of an individual.
motivation, needs, drives, feeling and interests. This is also related to the These are hereditary and environmental factors. The interplay of both
individual’s sense of well-being or ill-being. factors significantly but not absolutely determines the personality of an
individual.
3. Social Component
1. Heredity factor
Social component is the environment of the person of whom he or she is a
part. A person’s behavior is influenced by his or her inherited characteristics and
Social Components are as follows: traits from parents are transferred to their children. The role of heredity is
 Societal or the emergent issues of the society that affects the well- greater in purely physical traits such as stature than its psychological traits.
being of the person or individual 2. Environmental Factor
 Institutional or organization arrangement in society such as family,
government, education, and social services The environment is the second source of influence of behavior by fellow
 Status or characteristics of the persons are described (like age, sex, human being. The environment also includes the natural (God-given) as
religion, race, economic status) well as man-mad material components of society.

9
Self is an aspect of human that reflects the individual’s emotional, It is your programming that sets up your beliefs, and the “chain reaction”
psychological, spiritual and total personality. begins. In logical progression what you believe determines your attitudes,
Self-Awareness means to accept one’s self, one’s strength and weakness to affects your feelings, direct your behavior, and determines your success or
the extent that one develops a clear of personhood; to reveal oneself to failure.
others by investing or taking risks towards growth; and to express one’s
feelings consonant and dissonant in a loving concern. 1. Programming creates beliefs
Self-Acceptance is to let the individual understand and accept himself 2. Beliefs create attitude
before others. The process of acceptance include identifying specifically 3. Attitude create feelings
what you, as a human being, don’t accept about yourself; knowing that you 4. Feeling determine action
are the best you can; taking a good hard look at your honesty level. 5. Actions create result

The Self-Management Sequence

LEVELS OF SELF-TALK
The “self-management” sequence --- The Five steps that control your
1. NEGATIVE ACCEPTANCE
success or failure:
These are items you tell yourself that are negative reinforcements or
1. BEHAVIOR--- The step that most directly controls your success or
negative beliefs about yourself. These are the “I can’t” or “If only..” or “ I
failure is your behavior (“actions”)—what you do or do not do!
wish I Could…, but..” These are those things you should avoid at all cost!
2. FEELINGS--- how you “feel” about something always affects what you
2. RECOGNITION AND NEED TO CHANGE
do and how well you do it!
These are the “ I need to..” or “ I ought to..” or I should…” These
3. ATTITUDES--- your “attitudes” are the perspective from which you
statements always end up with the subconscious “ but I’m not going to do
view life.
anything about it.”
4. BELIEFS---What you “ believe” about anything WILL determine your
3. DECISION TO CHANGE
attitude it, create your feelings, direct your actions, and each instance, help
you do well or poorly, succeed or fail! The belief that you have about
Here you recognize the need to changes and begin to do something
anything is so powerful that it can even make something appear to be
about it. These statements go like this; “ I never…” or “ I no longer..” Here
something “different “ than what it really is!
you rephrase the old phrases “can’t with a positive.
5. PROGRAMMING--- Your beliefs are created and directed entirely by
your “programming.”
10
4. THE BETTER YOU

These are the “I am..” phrases that facilitate change. Really the way
you want to be. Here you say “ I have a..” “I will..” “I do..”
Things I have realized and appreciated
5. UNIVERSAL AFFIRAMATION
(attitudes)
This level is considered “oneness” with God. Like a Buddhists
monk.

SELF ASSESSMENT
It is the process of looking at oneself in order to assess aspects that
are important to one’s identity. It is one of the motives that drive self-
evaluation along with self-verification and self enhancement

Application
Direction: Below is a reflection figure that looks like a human figure. Things I discovered
Determine what you have learned(the knowledge that serves as your
foundation to stand and keep); the things you have realized and appreciated (skills)
(attitude towards learning) and the things that you discovered(skills that you
will cherish in life).
Fill in each part the reflection figure.

Things I have learned

Congratulations! This is the end of the lesson. You are now ready for
(Knowledge) the lesson 3, Goodluck!
11
 Communalism
2nd Picture
LESSON 3

and Nationalism
Learning Outcome:
a. Understand the Basic concepts of communalism
b. Relate the meanings of communalism and nationalism to your family,
school and community lives, including roles as citizen and 3rd Picture

Welcome to Lesson 3 of this module! The significant role of

communalism and nationalism is nation-building has been proven by the
experience of “developed “countries like United States of America and
Japan. Development necessitates the concerted efforts of all the population.
Communalism and Nationalism binds the people to struggle against the
challenges faced by their nation/country.

Activity

Observe the given pictures and answer the activity below

4th Picture
1st Picture

12
Direction: Fill-in the table to describe each picture shown above. Give one _____________________________________________________________
word _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
1st
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
2. How can you be a good citizen of your community?
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
2nd _____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
______________________________
3rd

Abstraction
4th
COMPONENTS OF A COMMUNITY
You are part of a community. When you were born immediately
became a community-a family, barangay, a nation. According to Britannica
World Language Dictionary (1959; in Earthling, 2005), a community is
Analysis “… a group of people who inhabit or reside a given area, subject to
some laws, and interests, etc..”
1. How do you show love to your country? From this definition we can territory and laws. Let us try to stretch to this
_____________________________________________________________ definition in order to have a vivid understanding on the concept of
_____________________________________________________________ community.

13
We have four elements of the state that comprise a community 2. Hegemony (kagahuman) More politically and economically powerful
community (or state tend to take advantage of the smaller (or weaker)
1. PEOPLE communities.
People is one component of community, they are the one who mean the 3. GOVERNMENT
community itself. There is no required definite number of people that
comprises community. There must a sense of belongingness or a tie that
Government is the organization or machinery or agency of the state makes,
binds these people in order to comprise a community.
implements, enforces and adjudicates the laws of the state. Government is
In the New testament of Christian Bible, Jesus of Nazareth describes how the third essential elements of the State.
Christian community could be formed. He said: “if two or more are
This sometimes creates the impression that there is no difference between
gathered in my name, I will be in the midst of them” Christ is the tie that
State and Government. However it must be clearly noted that government is
binds the Christianity into a community.
just one element of the state or in community. It is the working agent of the
In any social group, such as the community, there is arrangement or state.
stratification of people.
Each Government has three organs:
Stratification – is primarily based on the roles and statuses attributed to
1. Legislature- which formulates the will of the State i.e. perform law-
individuals. Oftentimes, the stratification becomes the source of inequality.
making functions.
2. Executive – enforces and implements the laws i.e. performs the law-
2. TERRITORY
application function; and
3. Judiciary – which applies the laws to specific cases and settles the
Like “people” there is no definite size or location required for a community.
disputes i.e. perform adjudication functions.
Territory is essentially a territorial State. Much more, the community can
manifest itself in the home, in the church, in the school, in the barangay, or
4. SOVEREIGNITY
even abroad.
Sovereignty is the most exclusive elements of the State. State alone
Communities are now becoming globalized. There are two major problems
possesses sovereignty. Without Sovereignty no state can exes. Some
that arise in this trend in communities.
institution or community can have the first three elements (people, territory
1. The younger generation in a community tends to forget their identity as a and government) but not sovereignty.
member of a community.
It is the basis on which state or community regulates all aspects of the life
of the people living its territory. The people have the freedom to exercise

14
their freewill but with accordance of the norms and mores of the … a group of people bound together by certain
community. characteristics such as common social origin,
language, customs, and traditions, and who
These are the elements of the state or the community but there a need to be believe that they are one and distinct from others.
considered of having community the Culture.
This definition underscore the notion that nation is cultural identity. Thus, a
5. CULTURE
nation is not bound by territory since people in various places can share the
same” … social origin, language, customs, and traditions, and believe that
The members of the community share the same culture-material and non-
they are one and distinct from others”.
material. Culture helps the entire community service challenges of their
environment. However, culture also provides the prescriptive (“what to CONCEPTS OF COMMUNALISM AND NATIONALISM
do’s”) and proscriptive (“what not to do’s”) norms. Emile Durkheim
believes that these norms (folkways, mores, laws, and taboos) are Communalism
needed in order to maintain an orderly community or society.
Communalism is “..said to put the interest of the community above the
When these normative components of culture are violated the community interest of the individual, but this is usually done on the principle that
provides corresponding penalties banishment, imprisonment to death (like community exist for the benefit of the individuals who participate in it.” To
in the case of death penalty). promote the interest of the individual, the interest of community must be
therefore served
And when these norms are no longer followed on behalf that they are not
relevant anymore, there exists anomie or confusion. We must be reminded Nationalism
that it was in the family where we first learned to follow rules. At times, due Nationalism entails the belief that a population unified by a common
to generation gap and miscommunications children set rules set by their historical origin, a common culture and a relationship with a particular
parents are very strict and harsh. territory has the right to self-determination.
The emergence of the sense of nationalism of the Filipinos led them to raise
WHAT IS NATION? arms against the Spaniards, and against the Americans and then the
Japanese.
One of the objectives of the NSTP is the development of 2 Difference of the Nationalism
nationalism. But, the concept of nationalism remain vague or unclear unless
we understand the root word, “nation”. But what is nation? What comprises 1. Ethnocentrism – it can be considered as extreme nationalism or the
a nation? A nation, according to De Leon (2005), is: belief that one’s nation and culture is far superior. The result can be
devastating as what happen by the murder of the six (6) million Jews during
15
World War II. Adolf Hitler believed that his Aryan race is superior race and
that Jews are filthy. LESSON 4 Values Integration and
2. Xenocentrism - it can be considered as lack of nationalism or belief that
one’s nation or cultural group is inferior over the others.
Promotion (VIP) for
Many Filipinos display this behavior. They believe that the Western nations
are better than the Filipino nation. NO wonder they prefer western products
understanding human dignity
than Philippine-made.
Learning Outcome:
Application a. Define the Values
Direction : Fill in the table below. b. Discuss the importance of values in one’s self and others
c. Explain how values are being developed.
Name of People From what Ideology Contribution for the
country Country
Mahatma
Ghandi Welcome to Lesson 4 of this module. This tells about the meaning
of values and the different formation. We can learn from this module the
philosophy of life for every person and kinds of values do we have. It
Dr. Jose Rizal integrates the universal values and behavior for human excellence.

Gautama
Bhudda

Abraham
Lincoln

Congratulations! This is the end of the lesson. You are now ready for
lesson 4, Good luck! Keep it up!
16
 Activity Analysis

Recall from your past experiences where you are to choose between two
valuable things. Write on the corresponding box
………My First ………………My Second Valuable
Valuable Things Things
What made you
decide to choose the
one from the other
thing?

Explain the value of

things you choose!

17
 The formation of Values
 We start forming values in our child hood. First we learn to
appreciate things that fulfill our basic needs, but we value especially
those people that provide them to us. Their behavior towards us
becomes the main reference of what is valuable.

Do you have any Clarification of Values

consideration of  Means that we must review which values should guide our life.
choosing the best thing Value means what is worthwhile. If happiness is worthwhile, then
in your life? Why? it’s a value. If giving time to the family is worthwhile, then it’s a
value.
Clarification and Integration of Values
The philosophy of life for every person consist of two aspects
1. A map of reality – an understanding of what life is all about, of nature
and the cosmos.
2. A hierarchy of values - a perception of which things are more important
Abstraction than others.

Values
 refers to everything from eternal ideas to behavioral actions. As used Kinds of Values
in this paper values serve as criteria for determining the levels of 1. Universal Values- these are valued by all human being due to the
goodness, worth or beauty. intrinsic nature of these values or by virtue of our being human beings.
 Values are effectively laden thoughts about objects, ideas, behavior,
and so forth that guide behavior but not necessarily require it. (Ex. (Truth), is valued for its own sake. We want to know the truth rather
 Etymologically, values come from the latin word “valere”, which than misled or be under an illusion. We prefer an illusion only when there is
means “ to measure the worth of something”. Values are the fear or there is psychopathology, in case, we then put the value of avoidance
elements of life prevailing in society. of the truth.)
 Values may be positive or negative. They create an atmosphere,
hence, the sense of values. They are of diverse types and they
transcend facts and clamor for existence and realization.
18
Universal values are shared by human beings regardless of culture and legal and ethical custom. In some countries divorce is permitted, in
age. The following are some of these universal values. some it’s a sin)
 Truth – People need the truth about the world in order to thrive. 3. Personal Values – these are worthwhile to a particular individual and
Truth is important. Believing what is not true is apt to spoil person differ from person to person.
plan. Telling what is not true may result in legal and social penalties
(Ex. Some people may value the art more than earning money and thus
 Happiness – When good things happen in a specific moment, or
spend more time painting, even if it provides a little income. Others may
more broadly, as a positive evaluation of one’s life and
value money more than art and thus spend more time buying and selling
accomplishments overall- that is, subjective well-being.
painting than being a painter themselves.
 Inner peace – True Inner peace is independent of external
conditions and circumstances. It means truly knowing yourself and
what you are capable of. You fully accept yourself so you do not
waste your time, energy, and attention on unimportant and Integration of Values
meaningless thought. The above discussion and exercises constitute the first, but
 Love – To love at all is to be vulnerable. What makes love so hard, necessary, stage in the integration of values and behavior. The second
sometimes painful, the vulnerability that always seems to stage is the integration of these values. Two things are required to
accompany it.” internalize values.
 Kindness - When you are a kind person, you’re not only helping
others, you are helping yourself, too. There’s substantial scientific 1. Clarity of universal and personal values; We must be convinced values
evidence that being kind makes you – and others around you – are valid and truly worth pursuing and also that our personal values are
happy. clear and strongly felt.
 Justice – :Justice consists not in being neutral or between right or 2. Contrary conditionings are neutralized. The conditionings to be
wrong but in finding out the right and upholding it, wherever found, neutralized are two kinds:
against the wrong.” (T.R.)
 Respect – Treat everyone you meet as if they are important. -- Physico-emotional conditionings: those involving habits and emotional
 Courage and fearlessness - Courage is not the absence of fear but reactions, such as fears, resentments, etc.
rather the judgment that something else is more important than fear.( --Mental conditionings: those molded by cultural values, such as
A. R.) measurement of success and failure and philosophy of life.
2. Cultural Values – these are values are dependent on the social norms, When true clarity is achieved and conditionings are comprehensively
religious beliefs and other environmental situations of people. reviewed; then values can be fully integrated into our life with minimal
(Ex. In a society in which the ratio of males to females is just one to ten, difficulty.
polygyny may be legal and ethical; if the reverse; polyandry may be the

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Virtues: The Good Habit well lived. The moral virtues give people the character that they need to
persist through difficulties(fortitude) to achieve worthwhile things, to say
Virtues are habits of human excellence. Moral virtues are excellences of
no to themselves when it’s really tempting to be self-indulgent(temperance)
character acquired through the formation of good habits and are necessary
instead of doing what ought to be done, and to that others properly (justice).
for happiness. According to Socrates, Plato and Aristotle which studied
human excellences, they concluded that virtue in general and some virtues
in particular, enable a person not only to be good, but also to have a good
life. People may not always feel the need to be good, but it’s sure thing that
Application
everyone wants to have a good life. It turns out that you can’t have a good Direction: Provide either link or a picture/drawing that shows cardinal
life without being good, that is, being virtuous. virtues such as, Justice, Temperance, Fortitude and Prudence
2 kinds of virtues
Cardinal Virtues Photos Link for Videos
1. Intellectual virtues include: Justice
o Art
o Science
Temperance
o Speculative wisdom
o Practical wisdom (prudence)
o Intuitive reason(understanding)
These intellectual can be taught and they are actually taught in Prudence
school – some more than others.
2. Moral virtue, the virtues that make up good character, are numerous.
But the critical ones that, once ingrained in a person, give that person the
best chance of happiness are the “cardinal” virtues of: Fortitude

o Justice
o Temperance
o Fortitude or courage
(Congratulations! This is the end of Module 1. Are you ready for the
o Prudence
module 2? Good! Good luck! Keep on Fighting for another module!
Virtues are Require for the Good Life. You can do it!)
All people want to be happy and it turns out that a person actually needs
the cardinal virtues to achieve happiness, which means, again, a whole life
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Prepared by: Vanesa S. Gales, LPT - Instructor 1

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