Volume 5, Issue 10, October – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Design of Three Phase Voltage Source Inverter (VSI)

and Comparative Study with Three Phase Current
Source Inverter (CSI)
Abhishek Kumar 1,*, Arpana Kumari2, and Arvind Kumar 3,
1
R.T.C institute of Technology, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835219 India.
2
Ex faculty IMS Ghaziabad 201001 India
3
Ex faculty C.I.T Ranchi Jharkhand India

Abstract:- Now a day’s air pollution and global warming modulation SPWM using operational amplifier OPAM
are on alarming stage in the world; therefore, Hybrid circuits for three phase PWM VSI. B Singh & S Singh have
Electric Vehicles (HEV) are very much useful and studies presents various configurations, control schemes
desirable. For electric vehicles, three-phase voltage-fed and design of single-phase power factor controller (PFC)
inverters almost exclusively used for induction motor topologies for development of PMBLDCM drives. Several
drives. At present, the PMOSFETs based inverter is AC–DC converter (buck, boost, buck–boost, Ćuk, SEPIC,
most attractive, accepted by many modern EVs. Zeta, push–pull, half bridge, full bridge based PFC
Microcontroller based voltage source inverter for HEV’s topologies are designed, modelled and applied to a 1.5 kW
are the essential component. The purpose of this article Permanent magnet brushless DC motor PMBLDCM drive
is to give idea of designing Voltage source inverter(VSI) for comparison of performance. Some of bidirectional
using Power MOSFETs and Microcontroller ATMega16 bridge converter and unipolar inverter topologies are also
and comparison with current source inverters(CSI) The evaluated to provide a comprehensive comparison of the
output waveforms of the designing VSI under 120 degree PFC topologies for PMBLDCM drives. The proposed PFC
conduction mode match the theoretical modal. The converter topologies show conformity to international
developed voltage source inverter is acceptable for all power quality standards with improved performance of
type of electric motor drives in various road loads used PMBLDCM drive, such as reduction of AC mains current
in HEVs. harmonics, near unity power factor and reduction of speed
and torque ripples. To study of three-phase voltage source
Keywords:- HEV, ICE, PMOSFET, MICROCONTROLLER, inverter in HEVs the simulation in MATLAB. The PCB
ATMega16 design for power circuit and firing circuit of VSI in eagle
software and design hardware of power circuit and firing
I. INTRODUCTION circuit of Microcontroller based VSI and tests it under
various load condition. In this paper the hardware details of
Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) is a sort of vehicle that Microcontroller based three phase VSI loaded with 1kW of
is propelled by electrical energy as well as natural fuel to induction motor has been explained. The switching
increase fuel efficiency and to reduce oil dependence. The frequencies of the controlled switches are controlled by
main components of HEV are IC engine, electrical motor, pulse width modulated signal to obtain the sinusoidal
inverter, etc. The strict regulations on smock emissions due waveform of required frequency at the output. With 500Hz
to global warming and fuel economy due to constraints on frequency of carrier waveform and 50% duty cycle we
energy resources [1-3]. Murali et al; [4] has designed the obtain the three-phase voltage and current waveform.LC
voltage source inverter for HEV. It utilizes wind and solar low pass filter has been designed for filtering higher order
energy. They have utilized MOSFET based inverters which harmonics. This system configuration is shown below in
is designed using PIC controllers. Raju et al; [5] t hey have Fig2.1,
focused on the generation of Sinusoidal pulse width

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Volume 5, Issue 10, October – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
II. THREE PHASE CURRENT SOURCE INVERTER (CSI)

Fig 2.1 Basic HEV Induction Motor Drive Configuration Fig2.2 Power circuit of Three-Phase Voltage Fed Inverter
using PMOSFETs.

2.1 THREE PHASE VSI (1200 MODE)

In this category of conduction mode, each switch conducts for 120 ̊. At any moment of time, only two switches conduct.
Gate pulse show the conduction period of each switch. In this case also six commutation per cycle are needed. The gating signals
and various voltage waveforms of three phase bridge inverters with 120 0conduction for each switch is shown in Fig2.7, Fig2.8.
In this figure, one period of inverter operation has been divided in to six intervals. The firing sequences of six switches are
prepared in table 4.2. Like 18001200 mode inverter also requires six steps, each of 60 0duration for completing one cycle of the
output a.c. voltage.

S. No. Interval Conducting devices Incoming device Outgoing device

1 I S6,S1 S1 S5
2 II S1,S2 S2 S6
3 III S2,S3 S3 S1
4 IV S3,S4 S4 S2
5 V S4,S5 S5 S3
6 VI S5,S6 S6 S4
Table 2:- Operation table (120 deg. conduction mode)

Following points we can observe from the waveforms of fig2.7, 2.8 and the operating table 2
 Conduction period of each switch is 1200.
 The phase shift between the triggering of every two adjacent switches is 60 0
 Three line voltages , and are six steps waves, with step heights /2 and . The three-line voltages are
mutually phase shifted by 120 ̊.
 The three-phase voltages are , and are quasi square wave with peak values of /2. They are also mutually
phase shifted by 120 ̊.
 The line-voltage is leading the phase voltage by 30 ̊ .

From fig2.6 and table 2 it is observed that two switches conduct at a time one from upper half and other from lower half.
There are three modes of operation in one half cycle and the equivalent circuits for a star connected load are shown in Fig 2.6.
I) During interval I, for 0 < ωt < , switches S1 and S6 conduct.

, , (2.1)

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Volume 5, Issue 10, October – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
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Fig2.3 Equivalent Circuits

II) During interval II, for < ωt < , switches S1 and S2 conduct.

, , = (2.2)
II)
III) During interval III, for < ωt < , switches S2 and S3 conduct

0, (2.3)

Fig2.7 Phase voltage waveforms of VSI (120 ̊mode of conduction)

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Volume 5, Issue 10, October – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
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Fig2.8 Line voltage waveforms of VSI (120 ̊ mode conduction)

Line to neutral voltages of square wave can be expressed in Fourier-series as

2.4

(2.5)

(2.6)
The Fourier analysis of line voltage waveform is

Where k = 0, 1, 2, 3 (2.7)

Rms value of fundamental phase voltage, from equation 2.5 is,

= = = 0.4082 Vs (2.9)

Rms value of phase voltage,

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Volume 5, Issue 10, October – 2020 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

= = .4714 (2.10)

= = 0.6752 = (2.11)

Rms value of line voltage,

= = = .7071 (2.12)

III. SIMULATION AND HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION

Simulation is a flexible methodology we can use to analyze the behavior of a real time or hypothetical situation on a
computer so that it can be studied to see how the system works. By performing simulations and analyzing the results, we can
gain an understanding of how a present system operates, and what would happen if we changed its variables or we can estimate
how a proposed new system would behave. In order to analyze the circuit performance, we first simulate the simulink model of
the circuit. Then by voltage measurement and current measurement block we observe the simulated results in the scope and
compare it with theoretical results a hardware implementation on other hand means that job is done using physical device or
electronic circuit as opposed to being done by a computer program. A hardware implementation often takes longer to create and
that can make it more expensive. It is usually faster in operation and has the advantage that once built it cannot easily be
tampered with or reprogrammed. In this chapter simulated and hardware results of PWM based Voltage Source Inverter are
shown. Simulation is done in MATLAB and for hardware implementation the circuit layout was made with the help of eagle
software. With the help of this layout PCB was designed and then the component was soldered and tested under different load. A
special feature of this hardware development is that firing of six PMOSFET is done using microcontroller as well as OPAL-RT.

3.1 SIMULATION IN MATLAB

SIMULINK MODEL

Fig 3.1 Simulink model of Three Phase VSI with low pass LC filter

Fig 3.2 V/f open loop control in simulation

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ISSN No:-2456-2165
SIMULATION RESULT WITH RESISTIVE LOAD
LINE VOLTAGE

PHASE VOLTAGE

CURRENT
TIME TIME TIME

Fig.3.3 Line voltage waveform at R-Load Fig. 3.4 Phase voltage waveform at R- Fig 3.5 Current waveform at R-Load
Load

SIMULATION RESULT AT MOTOR LOAD (without filter)

Fig 3.6 Three phase stator current at 1kW motor load

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Fig 3.7 Voltage waveform at motor load

Fig. 3.8 Current waveform at motor load

Fig. 3.9 Speed waveform

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SIMULATION RESULT AT MOTOR LOAD (with filter)

Fig.3.10 Voltage waveform with filter (at 1hp motor load)

Fig 3.11 stator three phase current

Fig3.12 current wave form

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Fig. 3.13 Speed waveform

Fig3.14 Torque waveform

3.2 PCB DESIGN

A printed circuit board, (PCB) is used to mechanically support and electrically connect electronic components using
conductive pathways and tracks or signal traces etched from copper sheets laminated on to a non conductive substrate. It is also
referred to as printed wiring board (PWB) or etched wiring board. A PCB populated with electronic components is a printed
circuit assembly (PCA), also known as a printed circuit board assembly (PCBA).and soldering wire.

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PCB LAYOUT OF VSI

Fig3.15 PCB Layout of three-phase VSI

HARDWARE CIRCUIT AND RESULTS

Fig.3.16 Hardware of Microcontroller based Voltage Source Inverter

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Fig.3.17 VSI with Motor Load Fig.3.18 VSI with Resistive Load

FIRING PULSES GENERATED FROM MICROCONTROLLER

Fig 3.19 Gate pulses for switch 1, 3, 5 & Gate pulses for switch 4, 6, 2

Fig 3.21 gate pulse of switch 1 and 4

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PULSES GENERATED FROM MICROCONTROLLER

Fig.3.22 Firing pulses for switch 1, 3, and 5 & Firing pulses for switch 4, 6,and 2

HARDWARE RESULTS WITH R-LOAD

Fig3.24 phase voltage Fig. 3.25 Line Voltage

Comparison of voltage source and current source inverters

VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER CURRENT SOURCE INVERTER

1) DC voltage remains constant in VSI. (1)Input current of CSI is constant.

2) Output voltage independent of load. (2) The amplitude of Output current independent of load.
(3)Inverter grade thyristors are used. (3)Converter grade thyristors are used.
(4)High operating frequencies are possible. (4) Operating frequencies are limited due to commutation
(5)The voltage source inverter is used with sources of lower delay.
impedance. (5) To maintain source current constant the source must have a
(6)Power BJT, Power MOSFET, IGBT, GTO with self large inductance so CSI is used with source of higher
commutation can be used in the circuit. impedance.
(6)CSI cannot be used as these devices have to withstand
reverse voltage.

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Advantages of VSI:
(1) VSI has small size hence required less space in HEV.
(2) VSI output voltage waveform does not depend on the type of load so it is best suitable of HEV.
(3) Starting current is limited by using VSI is easy.
(4) Speed control is obtained by varying firing angle of the thyristor.

IV. CONCLUSION [4]. Murali, M., Arulmozhiyal, A., & Sundaramoorthy, P.

(2014). A Design and Analysis of voltage source
The suggested system was verified by means of inverter for renewable energy applications.
simulation in the MATLAB. Hardware design of 3- phase Telkomnika Indonesian Journal of Electrical
Voltage Source Inverter for Hybrid Electric Vehicle was Engineering, 12(12), 8114-8119.
done. In hardware PCB board was designed in the power
electronics laboratory using eagle software. For providing [5]. Raju, N. I., Islam, M. S., & Uddin, A. A. (2013).
the gating pulses for the six Power MOSFETs Multiple Sinusoidal PWM signal generation technique for three
Pulse Width Modulation (MPWM) technique has been phase voltage source inverter with analog circuit &
adopted, in which carrier signal frequency was taken 500Hz simulation of PWM inverter for standalone load &
and reference frequency was 50Hz .Generation of switching micro-grid system. International Journal of Renewable
patterns for six P-MOSFETs of VSI was done using Energy Research, 3(3), 647-658.
Microcontroller. Gating pulses are also obtained using [6]. Singh, B., & Singh, S. (2010). Single-phase power
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