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Estimatin and Specification: Assignment 1

The document discusses various types of construction cost estimates: 1) Approximate estimates provide a preliminary budget and are based on rates from similar past projects. 2) Plinth area estimates multiply the building plinth area by a plinth area rate from past projects. 3) Cubic content estimates multiply the building volume by a unit cubic rate from past projects. 4) Annual/special repair estimates cover maintenance works like painting and plastering. 5) Revised estimates are prepared when initial estimates increase over 5%. 6) Supplementary estimates cover additional necessary works beyond the original scope. 7) Detailed estimates use complete contract documents to precisely quantify all work items and costs.

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Rhythm Satya
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156 views

Estimatin and Specification: Assignment 1

The document discusses various types of construction cost estimates: 1) Approximate estimates provide a preliminary budget and are based on rates from similar past projects. 2) Plinth area estimates multiply the building plinth area by a plinth area rate from past projects. 3) Cubic content estimates multiply the building volume by a unit cubic rate from past projects. 4) Annual/special repair estimates cover maintenance works like painting and plastering. 5) Revised estimates are prepared when initial estimates increase over 5%. 6) Supplementary estimates cover additional necessary works beyond the original scope. 7) Detailed estimates use complete contract documents to precisely quantify all work items and costs.

Uploaded by

Rhythm Satya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ESTIMATIN AND SPECIFICATION

Assignment 1
Report on various types of Estimation

Submitted By
Rhythm Satya
Ishan Institute of Architecture and Planning
6th Semester
What is Estimate?

Estimate is a rough calculation on quantities of various works & their


expenditure, done by the experts of the relevant field before the
execution of a project. Accuracy of an estimate depends on the
experience, ability and judgement power of the estimator.
Anyone who willing to engage them on constructing something, they’ll
surely bother about the quality & money/cost. To feel free from them a
solution called “estimate / estimation” was derived.
An estimator should be very careful of the quantity take off, using the
given documents such as drawings, specifications and other documents
regarding the project. Other than these, every estimate should prepare
with the consideration of other 2 factors, which influence a project
namely, direct & indirect cost. (Direct cost – cost of materials,
equipment, labour & subcontracted cost, Indirect cost – overheads,
contingency).

Types of estimate
Type1: Approximate estimate
It is also called budget, preliminary estimate. This type of estimate is
prepared in the initial stage of a project. To give a clear idea to the
owner (client) about the amount of cost needed for the project and to
get the approval from necessary sanctioning bodies (eg: from banks to
get loan). Documents such as project drawing plans, details about the
land including electricity & water supply and a full clear report are
necessary to carry out the estimate. Commonly the approximate estimate
is calculated with relevant to the previous experience.eg: To calculate the
estimate for a house, a previously (& also recently) completed similar
house will be considered. Here the estimator already knows the rate for
1m2 area & with that he/she calculates the cost estimate for the newly
proposed area (of similar house).
Approximate estimate = Rate of 1m2 (already known value) X proposed
area (m2)
Type 2: Plinth area estimate
Plinth area estimate can be achieved by multiplying the values of plinth
length, plinth width & plinth area rate. Here the plinth area is referred
as, external plinth area of the building at floor level. Simply it can be also
stated as the roof covered area of a building. Plinth area rate is derived
by dividing the total cost of a previously constructed building by plinth
area of the previously constructed building.
Plinth area estimate = Plinth area X plinth area rate.
Plinth area = plinth length X plinth width
Plinth area rate = Total cost of a previously built building / Total plinth
area of that building.
There are some restrictions in calculating the plinth area of a building
and some area have to include or exclude when calculating. Among that,
areas which can include are,
• Floor area with area of walls at floor level excluding the offsets of
the building, internal shafts of sanitary fittings within 2m2, lifts, air
conditioning ducts, area of porch at floor level (cantilever part
can’t be included), area of barsati – a room on the terrace or roof
top with veranda outside.
• Areas which can’t include are,
• Area of lofts, open balconies / un enclosed balconies, fascia,
towers which project above terrace level, louvers & vertical sun
breakers.
• Documents such as line plan with complete specifications & costs
for services such as water, electricity should be attached with
estimate.

Type 3: Cubic content estimate


This type of estimate done by multiplying the volume of the building by
the unit cubic rate achieved from the previously (also recent) estimate.
This type of estimate is a little bit more accurate than above mentioned
methods and mostly suitable for multi storied buildings. Here the cost of
corbelling (corbel – a piece of stone, wood, brick, or other building
material, projecting from the face of a wall and generally used to support
a cornice or arch), cornice and other works like that are neglected.
Cubic content estimate = Volume of the building X unit cubic rate
(known value) volume of the building = plinth area (length X breadth of
the proposed building) X height of the building (floor to roof top) unit
cubic rate = total cost of the previously built building / total volume of
that building.

Type 4: Annual repair estimate and special repair


estimate
These estimates are prepared in order to maintain the constructed
element in good condition. Works that attached when consider repair
works, white washing, painting, plastering works, patching works & etc.
Special repair estimate is prepared in situations where the costs of
materials increased when compare to annual repair estimate cost.

Type 5: Revised estimate


This estimate is prepared when the rate of previously submitted estimate
increases by 5% or more than that. But here the reason for the
preparation of estimate must have a strong & valid reason like sudden
increase in cost of materials. The reason and comparative statement
between 2 estimates should be annexed with the revised estimate.

Type 6: Supplementary estimate


This type of estimate is prepared when there is a necessary situation of
supplementary work, to progress out the original work. The annexure of
originally prepared estimate & supplementary estimated amount of the
originally prepared estimate when submitting for requesting approve.

Type 7: Detailed estimate


Detail estimate is prepared with the help of complete set of contract
documents. The preparation of detailed estimate can do under 2 phases
such as work out with quantities of different works and calculate the
cost of each work.
1) work out with quantities of different works – The whole construction
work procedure is divided into categories such as excavation and
earthwork, concrete work, formwork, reinforcement, masonry work,
roof covering and roof plumbing, carpentry, painting and decorating,
plumbing, electrical installation and etc.
The measurement take off procedure is done with the help of
drawings/plans and then they are entered in
measurement. Measurement sheet is a prescribed form which contains
number of columns to enter the respective measurements and
descriptions about the works. Finally the measurement columns are
multiplied to get the necessary quantity.
2) Calculation of the cost of each work – The already obtained quantities
are used to obtain the cost of each work. Calculated costs of each work
item are summarized in order and that document is called as abstract
sheet.
A detailed estimate should have documents such as report,
specifications, drawings/plans, design charts and schedule of rates.
Factors such as, material quantity, transportation of materials, location
of site, labour charges, cost of equipment (commonly allowed:- 2% of
the estimated cost), overhead charges (commonly allowed:- 2% of the
estimated cost), contingencies & unforeseen (commonly allowed:- 4% of
the estimated cost) items are needed to consider well while preparing the
detailed estimate.

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