Assignment No # 1: University of Gujrat Hafiz Hayat Campus Department of Mathematics
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Ch M Sami JuttAssignment No # 1: University of Gujrat Hafiz Hayat Campus Department of Mathematics
Uploaded by
Ch M Sami JuttUniversity of Gujrat
Hafiz Hayat Campus
Department of Mathematics
Submitted to:
Assignment No # 1
Mr. Ihsan-ul-Ghafoor
Submitted by:
Saira Nawaz (19011509-050)
Muhammad Sami-Ur Rehman (19011509-051)
Saood Azam (19011509-052)
Fatima (19011509-053)
Qurat-ul-Ain (19011509-054)
Tehmina (19011509-055)
Laiba Shahzadi (19011509-056)
Zia-ur-Rehman (19011509-057)
Sumaiya Zia (19011509-076)
Sidra Abid (19011509-099)
Program:
BS-Mathematics-III
Section:
‘A’
Course title:
Program language for Mathematicians
Course code:
MATH-206
MATH-206 Mr. Ihsan-ul-Ghafoor Page 1
Program language for Mathematicians
Q) How computer stores numeric values in its 64-bit memory? Which
protocol/set of rules it follows?
Ans) Computer always performs given data in the form of bits also called as binary data
represented as 0 and 1. The byte is a unit of digital information that mostly commonly
consists of 8 bits.
Example:
The data can be represented even in terms of decimal. If we have a binary code of 101101 its
representation in decimal will be:
¿ 1× 25 +0 ×24 + 1× 23 +1 ×22 +0 × 21+1 ×20
¿ 32+0+8+ 4+ 0+1=45
64-bit:
A 64-bit can access264 addresses. In short any amount of memory greatly than4 GB can be
easily handled by it.
63 0
Most significant bit Less significant bit
64 bit =8 bytes
Example: 0 × 0123456789 ABCDEF
Signed number:
Numerical value is close to but not actually mathematical base-two. The low-order bit
is 1, next 2, then 4 and so forth as in pure binary. But signed numbers are represented in
two-complement notation. The highest order bit is a sign bit which makes the quantity
negative and every negative umber can be obtained from the corresponding positive value by
inverting all the bits and adding one. This is why integers on a 64-bit machine have the
range−263 ¿263−1 . That 64th bit is being used for sign: 0 mean a positive number or zero, 1 is
a negative number. Some computer languages give you access to unsigned arithmetic which
is straight base 2 with zero and positive numbers only.
Big endian & little endian:
Little and big endian are two ways of storing multibyte data-types (int, float etc.). In
little endian machines, last byte of binary representation of the multibyte data-type is stored
first. On the other hand, in big endian machines, first byte of binary representation of the
multibyte data-type is stored first.
¿ big endian( 0× 01 , 0× 23 , …)
01 23 45 67 89 AB CD EF
MATH-206 Mr. Ihsan-ul-Ghafoor Page 2
Program language for Mathematicians
¿ little endian(0 × 01 ,0 × 23 ,…)
EF CD AB 89 67 45 23 01
Double precision representation (64-bit word):
It is a format given by IEEE for representation of floating point number. It occupies 64 bits
in computer memory
11bits 52 bits
Sign bit Exponent bit Mantissa fraction
Sign = 1-bit, Exponent = 11-bit, Mantissa = 52-bit
Instead of signed exponent, E, the value actually stored in the exponent filed is
E' =E ( scaling factor )+ Bias ( 1023 )
Here Bias is 1023, so it is known as excess-1023 format.
Example:
Represent 1259.12510 in double precision format.
Solution:
Step 1:
Convert decimal number in to binary
1259=100 1110 1011
0.125=0.001
Binary number=10 0 1 11 0 1 01 1+0. 0 0 1=1 0 01 1 10 1 0 11. 0 0 1
Step 2:
Normalize the number
1 0 0 11 10 1 0 11. 0 0 1=1. 0 0 11 1 01 0 11 0 0 1 ×210
Step 3:
Here S=0 (because given number is positive)
E=10 (Exponent)
M =0 0 1 11 0 1 01 1 0 01
Bias for a double precision format=1023
E' =E+ 1023=10+1023=103310=( 1 0 0 0 0 0 01 0 0 1 )2
Number in double precision format is given:
64 63 52 510
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 ..... 0 0 0
Sign bit Exponent Mantissa
Note: The procedure of storing whole number & integers etc is same
MATH-206 Mr. Ihsan-ul-Ghafoor Page 3
Program language for Mathematicians
