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Business Mathematics Unit 1 Notes

The document defines arithmetic and geometric progressions and provides formulas to find terms and sums of progression series. It includes 44 problems calculating terms, sums, and other properties of arithmetic and geometric progressions.

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Vignesh C
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1K views

Business Mathematics Unit 1 Notes

The document defines arithmetic and geometric progressions and provides formulas to find terms and sums of progression series. It includes 44 problems calculating terms, sums, and other properties of arithmetic and geometric progressions.

Uploaded by

Vignesh C
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIT-1 PROGRESSIONS

● Definition of Progression: Series or sequence of numbers which are written with a definite
order by studying a previous number we must be able to write the succeeding number , such
arrangements of numbers is called Progression.
Eg. 1,3,5,7,………

● Arithmetic Progression: A progression which increase or decrease by a constant number then


such a progression is called Arithmetic progression. Also called as A.P.
Eg. 2,6,10,…….
In A.P the difference between any two term is constant or common. This difference is known as
Common difference & is denoted by ‘d’.
● To Find the nth term of an A.P series
Tn = a + (n-1)d
Where a= first term
d= common difference
n = number of term.
Problems:
1. Find the 20thterm of an A.P where A.P is 2,6,10,…..
(ANS: 78)
2. Find the 15th term of an A.P where A.P is 3,-5,-13,…..
(ANS: -109)
3. Find the 25th term of an A.P 2,7,12,…..
(ANS: 122)
4. Find the 40th term of an A.P 3, -1,-5,……
(ANS: -153)
5. Which term of an A.P 5,13, 21,…… is 181.
(ANS:23)
6. Which term of an A.P is 65 if the series is 5, 8, 11,….
(ANS: 21)
1
7. Which term of an A.P 1/6 , 1/2, 5/6 ,….. is 31 2.
(ANS: 95)
8. Find the common difference of an A.P where the first term is 5 and the 11th term is 125.
(ANS: 12)
9. If the first term of an A.P is 2 & 20th term is 59 , Find the series.
(ANS: 2,5,8,….)
10. Find the 13th term of an A.P in which 6th term is -2 & 9th term is -5.
(ANS: -9)
11. If 20th term of A.P is 41 & 14th term is 29. Find the first term and common difference.
(ANS: First term =3, common difference = 2)
12. Is 165 a term of an A.P of the series 7,10,13,….?
(ANS: NO)
● Sum of the A.P series.
𝑛
Sn = 2 [2a + (n-1)d ]
OR
𝑛
Sn = [a+ l ]
2
Where l= last term.
Problems:
13. Find the sum of an A.P 1, 3,5,7,…….. till 30th term.
(ANS: 900)
14. How many integers are there between 2 & 100 which are divisible by 3. Also find their
sum.
(ANS: 1683)
15. Find the sum of all the integers between 100 & 400 which are divisible by 7.
(ANS: 10836)
16. Find the sum of all the integers between 100 & 1000 which are divisible by 5.
(ANS: 98450)
17. Find the value of k in the order such that k, k-2, 3k are in an A.P.
(ANS: -2)
18. A man saves Rs 5 in the first month , 8 in second month & 11 in third month. How much
did he saves in 5years?
(ANS: 5610)
19. A man is employed in a firm on a pay of 350Rs /month with an annual increment of 15Rs
per month every year. What is his total earnings in 10years.
(ANS: 50100)
20. The sum of 3 numbers in an A.P is -15 & their product is -80. Find the numbers.
(ANS: -8, -5, -2 OR -2, -5, -8)
21. The sum of 3 numbers in an A.P is -24 & their product is 288. Find the numbers.
(ANS: -18, -8, 2 OR 2, -8 , -18)
22. The sum of 3 numbers in an A.P is 12 & their product is 48. Find the numbers.
(ANS: 6,4, 2 OR 2,4,6)

● Arithmetic Mean: The term between the two extreme values of an A.P is called Arithmetic
Mean or AM.
Eg: a, b, c here AM = b.
Problems:
23. Find the A.M between (i) 2 & 12 , (ii) 8 &16
(ANS: 7 , 12)
24. Insert 5 A.M between 14 & 86.
(ANS: 26, 38, 50, 62, 74)
25. Insert 8 A.M between 6 & 60.
(ANS: 12, 18, 24, 36, 42, 48, 54)
26. Insert 4 A.M between -2 & 23.
(ANS: 3 , 8, 13, 18, 23)
27. Insert 5 AM between -6 & 12.
(ANS: -3 , 0, 3, 6, 9)
● Geometric Progression: In a Progression , ratio of any term to its previous term is fixed
contant then it is known as Geometric progression or G.P.
Eg. 2,6, 18.
a=2 , r = 6/2= 3.
● To find the nth term of an G.P
Tn = 𝑎. 𝑟 𝑛−1

Problems:

28. Find the 11th term of a G.P in a series 3,6,12,……


(ANS: 3072)
29. Find the 5th term of a G.P in a series 4, 12,36,……
(ANS: 324)
30. Find the 5th term of a G.P where a= 6 & r = 2.
(ANS: 96)
31. Find the 10th term of a G.P in a series 3, -1 , 1/3,……
(ANS: -1/6561)
32. The 3rd & 6th element of GP are 3 and 81 respectively. Find a & r and write the series..
Find the series.
(ANS: 3 & ⅓. series are ⅓,1,1/9…..)
33. The 4th term of a G.P is 9 & 7th term is 72 . Find the first term and common ratio.
(ANS: 9/8, 2)
● Sum of an G.P series:
𝑎(𝑟 𝑛 − 1)
Sn = 𝑟−1
where r > 1
𝑎(1− 𝑟 𝑛 )
Sn = 1−𝑟
where r < 1
Problems:
34. Find the 10th term & sum of 10th of G.P where G.P is -8, 4, -2.
(ANS : 0.0156 , -5.3281 )
35. Find the sum of G.P 2/9, -1/3 , 1/2,…. till the 5th term.
(ANS: 0.7638 )
36. Find the sum of G.P 27,9,3,,…. till the 8th term.
(ANS: 40.4918 )
37. The first term of a G.P is 2 and fourth term is 54. What is S4 ?
(ANS: 80 )
38. Third term of G.P is 12 & sixth term is 96. Find the sum of 9 terms.
(ANS: 1533)
39. Fourth term of G.P is 40 & tenth term is 2560. Find the seventh term of G.P , also find S7.
(ANS: 320 , 635 )
40. The sum of three numbers of a G.P is 42/5 and their product is -8. Find the numbers.
(ANS:2/5 , -2, 10 OR 10,-2,2/8)
41. Find the value of k so that k-2, k-6, 2k+3 are in G.P.
(ANS: -14 OR 3)
● Geometric Mean : If a, G, b are in G.P then G= G.M of a &b.
G.M = √𝑎𝑏
Problems:
42. Find the G.M between (i) 4 & 16 , (ii) 6 & 216.
(ANS: 8, 36)
43. Insert 3 G.M between 27/8 & 2/3.
(ANS: 9/4, 3/2 & 1)
44. Insert 4 G.M between 1 & 1024.
(ANS: 4,16,64,256 )
45. Insert 4 G.M between 1 & 1/243.
(ANS: 1/3 , 1/9, 1/27, 1/81 ).

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