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Communication Principles, Processes, and Ethics PDF

This document discusses the principles, processes, and ethics of communication. It defines communication as the exchange of verbal and/or non-verbal information between two or more people. The key aspects covered include communication principles such as the purpose of communication being to inform, persuade, or entertain. It also discusses communication processes involving a source, message, encoding, channel, decoding, receiver, and feedback. Effective communication requires understanding your audience and purpose, presenting information clearly, and seeking feedback. Guidelines for effective communication include being clear, concise, and adjusting to your audience.

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86 views3 pages

Communication Principles, Processes, and Ethics PDF

This document discusses the principles, processes, and ethics of communication. It defines communication as the exchange of verbal and/or non-verbal information between two or more people. The key aspects covered include communication principles such as the purpose of communication being to inform, persuade, or entertain. It also discusses communication processes involving a source, message, encoding, channel, decoding, receiver, and feedback. Effective communication requires understanding your audience and purpose, presenting information clearly, and seeking feedback. Guidelines for effective communication include being clear, concise, and adjusting to your audience.

Uploaded by

Rica
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 1: Communication, Principles, Processes, and Ethics

COMMUNICATION PRINCIPLES

 Communication is a process of exchanging verbal and/or non-verbal information


between two or more people who can be either the speaker or the receiver of the
messages.
 Communication is used to meet the purpose of a person. The purpose could be to
inform, to persuade, or to entertain.
 Communication can be in the form of written, verbal, non-verbal and visuals.
 Written communication involves texts or words encoded and transmitted
through memos, letters, reports, on-line chat, short message service or SMS,
electronic mail or e-mail, journals, and other written documents.
 Verbal communication involves an exchange of information through face-to-
face, audio and/or video call or conferencing, lectures, meetings, radio, and
television.
 Non-verbal communication involves the use of the following to convey or
emphasize a message of information:
 Voice- this includes tone, speech rate, pitch, pauses, and volume.
 Body language- this includes facial expressions, gestures, and eye
contact.
 Personal space or distance- this refers to an area of space and
distance that a person from a different culture, personality, age, sex,
and status adopts and puts for another person.
 Personal appearance- this refers how a person presents
himself/herself to a particular situation, whether formal or informal.
 Visuals involve the use of images, graphs, charts, logos, and maps
 Communication can be intended or unintended.
 Intended communication refers to planning what and how you communicate
your ideas to other people who are older than you are or who occupy a higher
social or professional position such as your parents, teachers, and supervisors,
among others.
 Unintended communication, on the other hand, happens when you
unintentionally send non-verbal messages to people you are communicating
with, or when you suddenly make negative remarks out of frustration or anger.
 Communication is a complex process that requires you to:
 know your audience,
 determine your purpose,
 identify your topic,
 expect objections,
 establish credibility with your target audience,
 present information clearly and objectively, and
 develop a practical, useful way to seek for feedback

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Lesson 1: Communication, Principles, Processes, and Ethics

COMMUNICATION PROCESS
The communication process involves elements such as source, message, encoding,
channel, decoding, receiver, feedback, context, and barrier.
 Source- the speaker or sender of a message.
 Message- the message, information, or ideas from the source or speaker.
 Encoding- the process of transferring the message.
 Channel- the means to deliver a message such as face-to-face
conversations, telephone calls, e-mails, and memos, among others.
 Decoding- the process of interpreting an encoded message.
 Receiver- the recipient of the message.
 Feedback- the reactions or responses of the receiver to the message from
the sender.
 Context- the situation or environment in which communication takes place.
 Barriers- the factors which may affect the communication process.
Examples of barriers to communication:
o Culture
o Individual differences
o Language use
o Noise
o Past Experiences
o Status

Communication can be a one-way or two-way process. Communication as a one-


way process is best illustrated in the model of Shannon-Weaver (1949) as shown in Figure
1. In this model, the sender is active while the receiver is passive during the communication
process.

Figure 1.

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Lesson 1: Communication, Principles, Processes, and Ethics

On the other hand, communication as a two-way process is exemplified by a


transactional model as shown in Figure 2. In this model, the messages, information, or ideas
are sent and received at the same time. Hence, the sender and the receiver become active
during the process, and both serve as communicators.

Figure 2.

COMMUNICATION ETHICS
Effective communicators observe ethics. This means that they deal with values,
righteousness, and behavior appropriate for human communication particularly in a
multicultural situation. Below are some of the ethical considerations:

o Uphold integrity.
o Respect diversity of perspective and privacy
o Observe freedom of expression effectively.
o Promote access to communication.
o Be open-minded.
o Develop your sense of accountability.

GUIDELINES FOR EFECTIVE COMMUNICATION


Effective communication plays a crucial role in your personal and professional
success. Below are some guidelines for effective communication:

o Be clear with your purpose.


o Support your message with facts.
o Be concise.
o Provide specific information in your feedback.
o Adjust to the needs, interests, values, and beliefs of your audience.
o Observe communication ethics.
o Be your natural self and appear very confident.

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