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Wisdom) Physics) : PHILOSOPHY Philos+sophia (Love of METAPHYSICS Meta+physika (Beyond

This document provides an overview of philosophy and its main branches. It defines philosophy as the study of everything and its ultimate cause under reason. The core branches of philosophy are outlined as metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, and aesthetics. Metaphysics deals with the true nature of reality, existence, and being. Epistemology is the study of knowledge. Ethics examines right and wrong behavior. Aesthetics concerns art, beauty, and taste. Rationalism and empiricism are discussed as approaches to knowledge within epistemology.

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47 views

Wisdom) Physics) : PHILOSOPHY Philos+sophia (Love of METAPHYSICS Meta+physika (Beyond

This document provides an overview of philosophy and its main branches. It defines philosophy as the study of everything and its ultimate cause under reason. The core branches of philosophy are outlined as metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, and aesthetics. Metaphysics deals with the true nature of reality, existence, and being. Epistemology is the study of knowledge. Ethics examines right and wrong behavior. Aesthetics concerns art, beauty, and taste. Rationalism and empiricism are discussed as approaches to knowledge within epistemology.

Uploaded by

marie parfan
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PHILOSOPHY philos+sophia (love of METAPHYSICS meta+physika (beyond

wisdom) physics)
• study of everything and its ultimate cause • deals with the true nature of reality
under the light of reason • study of existence
• a practice of people who never stopped to • What is? Is the world real? Or is it just an
wonder “thaumazein” illusion?

PYTHAGORAS OF SAMOS GENERAL METAPHYSICS / ONTOLOGY


• coined the term philosopher • study of being
• kinds of being:
MANLY P. HALL • actual real being – exists at present
• a freemason philosopher moment
• wrote “The Secret Teachings of All Ages” • real being – has/can have
existence by man’s knowing
NATURE AND FUNCTIONS OF • potential real being –
PHILOSOPHY • substantial real being – exists by
• Philosophy integrates itself with other itself; free
disciplines to achieve a comprehensive and • accidental real being – does not
coherent world view exist itself but need another being to
• Philosophy analyzes the very foundations exist (color, shape, and movement)
of other disciplines • necessary real being –
• Philosophy analyzes and criticizes nonexistence is impossible, that
treasured beliefs and traditions which cannot but exist
• absolute necessary – has never
CORE BRANCHES OF PHILOSOPHY been produced
• Metaphysics • conditional necessary –
• Epistemology nonexistence is impossible
• Ethics • contingent real being – does not
• Aesthetics have to exist all the time

SPECIAL METAPHYSICS
PHILOSOPHY
• focuses on freedom of will, immortality,
and mind-body problem
• cosmology, rational psychology, natural
METAPHYSICS EPISTEMOLOGY ETHICS AESTHETICS psychology
• act – principle of perfection (unity)
GENERAL
RATIONALISM METAETHICS
• potency – principle of change (diversity)
METAPHYSICS

SPECIAL NORMATIVE
EPISTEMOLOGY episteme logos
EMPIRICISM
METAPHYSICS ETHICS (knowledge to study)
• study of knowledge, nature, and justified
APPLIED ETHICS belief
RATIONALISM
• logical, reason is the chief source of
knowledge
• source of knowledge
• Rene Descartes, “Cogito, ergo sum”
I think therefore I am

EMPIRICISM
• experiences, 5 senses, perception
• John Locke, conceived the concept of
mind being a tabula rasa (empty tablet)
Essay Concerning Human Understanding
(1689)
• forms of experience: sensation, reflection

ETHICS ethos (custom or habit)


• moral philosophy
• aims to synthesize the concepts of right
and wrong behavior

METAETHICS
• deals with the origin and meaning of
ethical concepts

NORMATIVE ETHICS
• setting a certain standard of what is right
or wrong

APPLIED ETHICS
• to apply theories to situation in real life

AESTHETICS aisthetikos (sense if


perception)
• deals with nature and appreciation of art,
beauty, and good taste
• the judgement made by us
• Immanuel Kant, one of the most important
thinkers of Europe, contended that beauty
and art were both objective and universal
• judgement of art’s aesthetic value can also
be tied up with one’s political, economic, or
moral values

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