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A) Život Kedysi A Dnes (Výdobytky Vedy A Techniky A Životná Úroveň, Prístroje A Pomôcky V Domácnosti)

Scientific and technological progress has dramatically changed our lives in many ways. A few centuries ago, people thought the Earth was flat and the center of the universe, but now children know our planet revolves around the Sun. Medical science has cured diseases like plague and polio, increasing lifespans. Modern appliances save time and labor, while computers and phones revolutionized communication. Overall, scientific inventions and discoveries have improved standards of living, especially in developed nations. However, science and technology can also be misused, for example in weapons development or environmental damage.

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Frede Kmeťová
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59 views

A) Život Kedysi A Dnes (Výdobytky Vedy A Techniky A Životná Úroveň, Prístroje A Pomôcky V Domácnosti)

Scientific and technological progress has dramatically changed our lives in many ways. A few centuries ago, people thought the Earth was flat and the center of the universe, but now children know our planet revolves around the Sun. Medical science has cured diseases like plague and polio, increasing lifespans. Modern appliances save time and labor, while computers and phones revolutionized communication. Overall, scientific inventions and discoveries have improved standards of living, especially in developed nations. However, science and technology can also be misused, for example in weapons development or environmental damage.

Uploaded by

Frede Kmeťová
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Science and technology

Let me start by saying that science can be defined as our knowledge of the world based on scientific
methods such as observation and experiments. Technology or applied science includes different ways
how scientific knowledge can be used for practical purposes. For instance, physics and genetics are
sciences while engineering and genetic engineering are examples of modern technologies.

a) život kedysi a dnes (výdobytky vedy a techniky a životná úroveň, prístroje a pomôcky v
domácnosti)

Scientific and technological progress has changed our lives in many ways. Many centuries ago, people
thought that the Earth was the centre of the universe and that it was flat but now each child knows that
our planet revolves round the Sun. Moreover, we are able to explore the universe and space travel is
not impossible anymore. When the first man – Armstrong - walked on the Moon, he said: “This is a
small step for a man but a giant leap for mankind.” However, scientific progress is not only about our
theoretical knowledge but it has dramatically changed also our everyday life.

b) pozoruhodné objavy a vynálezy vedy a techniky

Here are just a few examples:

-Medical science has enabled doctors to cure or prevent many diseases which used to be fatal in the
past, such as plague, tuberculosis, polio etc. As a result, the average life expectancy is longer and child
mortality is much lower than it used to be. Needless to say, antibiotics and medical surgeries have
saved lives of millions of people.

-Modern household appliances have made our life much more comfortable. Washing machines,
microwaves, fridges, dishwashers, vacuum cleaners save our time and energy.

-The inventions of printing press and later television, radio, computers, the Internet and mobile phones
have revolutionised human communication, education and entertainment.

-Working conditions have improved a lot thanks to modern technologies used in industrial factories or
in agriculture, machines and robots can do a lot of hard work instead of people.

- Cars, trains and planes have enabled people to travel much faster and more comfortable over long
distances than it was possible just a few centuries ago.

It goes without saying that due to scientific and technological inventions and discoveries our standard
of living has become higher, at least in developed countries.

In the past, there were many remarkable scientific inventions. I can mention for example the invention
of wheel, paper, gunpowder or the discovery of electricity, magnetic fields, DNA, nuclear energy and
so on. Many scientific and technological inventions were made during the Industrial Revolution which
was a period of rapid scientific and technological progress. For instance, the steam engine was
invented by James Watt, the first phone was invented by Bell, the electric light bulb was invented by
Edison and so forth. Modern means of transport, such as cars or trains also date back to the period of
Industrial Revolution.

c) veda a technika v službách človeka


In my opinion, the most important inventions of the 20th century are computers and cell phones. They
have many advantages: we can communicate with people in an interactive way over long distances, we
can download films, music or books for free or at low prices, people can send emails instead of writing
letters, at work we can get rid of unnecessary paper work and we have an easy and immediate access
to information. What is more, we can use online shopping and Internet banking at any time without
leaving our homes. In a nutshell, computers save a lot of time, money and energy. On the other hand,
there are many disadvantages and dangers. Hackers can destroy the software and computer files of
state institutions, computer viruses can destroy the files of individual users, thanks to computers and
mobile phones we have become lazier, teenagers can lose their social skills when they play computer
games and communicate mainly online instead of meeting their friends face-to-face. Last but not least,
there is too much information on the Internet and it is very difficult to know which sources of
information are reliable and which are misleading. Psychologists often speak about new forms of
addiction related to modern technologies, such as addiction to social media or computer games.

d) zneužitie vedy a techniky (zbrane, závislosti, násilie, konzumná spoločnosť, civilizačné choroby)

Unfortunately, science and technology can be easily misused. Many branches of science (chemistry,
biology, quantum physics) have been misused for military purposes and nowadays there is a wide
range of weapons of mass destruction – chemical, biological and nuclear weapons. Medical science
can be misused as well – many illegal drugs and their effects have been discovered in medical
laboratories, pharmaceutical industry can prioritize commercial interests over the needs of patients.
Mass media can be misused by politicians and advertisers to influence the behaviour and thinking of
common people, sophisticated techniques of psychological manipulation and brainwashing have
become part of our everyday life.

Scientific and technological progress has contributed to environmental problems, cars, planes and
emissions from modern factories are often blamed for air pollution, greenhouse effect, global warming
and climate change.

Thanks to television and computers people often have sedentary lifestyle, they prefer passive
entertainment instead of doing sports or taking up active hobbies which might lead to civilisation
diseases such as overweight, hypertension or heart diseases as well as psychological disorders, for
example depression or anxiety.

e) človek a veda a technika v budúcnosti (nahradenie učiteľa počítačom, deti a počítače, únik
mozgov)

It is difficult to predict what our future might bring but one thing is certain – our future will be shaped
by modern technologies to a great degree. The labour market may change dramatically as a result of
replacing people in certain traditional professions by robots. Shop assistants, factory workers or even
teachers might become redundant if their work is done by computers or robots with artificial
intelligence. If we don´t find more environmentally friendly ways of production or travelling,
environmental problems will get even worse and in the worst scenario the survival of the human race
may be threatened. Hopefully, medical science will enable us to find effective treatment of cancer and
other diseases which we still can´t cure today. Nobody knows what the research in artificial
intelligence will bring in the future. People have always been fascinated by speculating about the
possible impact of science and technology – countless scenarios have been discussed not only by
philosophers, scientists or other experts but also by artists, writers and film producers in science
fiction books or sci-fi movies. Only time will tell which of their predictions will remain just a fantasy
and which of them will become reality one day in the future.

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