Note. The students must attempt these Problems from fundamentals although here direct formulae have been used since analysis has been done earlier Problem 16.3. A Maxwell's inductance comparison bridge is shown in Fig,16.23. Arm ab consists of a coil with inductance L; and resistance r) in series with a non-inductive resistance R. Arm bc and ad are each a non-inductive resistance of 100 Q. Arm ad consists of standard variable inductor L of resistance 32.7 Q. Balance is obtained when L2= 47.8 mH and R= 1.36 Q. Find the resistance and 2 inductance of the coil in arm ab, Solution. At balance [(Ry + r1) + jonL;] x 100 = (ry + jeal,) x 100 ‘Equating the real and imaginary terms Ry +r =r and Ly = Ly ++ Resistance of coil n f coil : inincanes 0 ee aan Fig. 1623. Diagram of Example 163. Example 16.4, A Maxwell's capacitance bridge shown in Fig. 16.4 is used to measure an unknown inductance in comparison with capacitance. The various values at balance Ry = 400 Q; Ry = 600 2; Ry = 1000 2; Cr= 0.5 pF - Calculate the viaues of R; and L. Calculate also the value of storage (Q) factor of coil if frequency is 1000 Hz. 2 — Ry = 32.7 ~ 1.36 = 31.34 2 Re Solution. At batance ( R, + 40ts) (7 Gann! Separating the real and imaginary terms, we have we Roky _ 400% 600 _ 349 Ry 1000 and Ly = RoRsC; = 400 x 600 x 0.5 x 106 = 0.12 H. oly oR x 100 x 0.12 14. ‘Storage factor Ok, 240 . RoR.Note. The students must attempt these problems from fundamentals although here direct formulae have been used since analysis has been done earlier. Problem 16.3. A Maxwell's inductance comparison bridge is shown in Fig,16.23. Arm ab consists of a coil with inductance Ly and resistance r; in series with a non-inductive resistance R. Arm bc and aad are each a non-inductive resistance of 100 . Arm ad consists of standard variable inductor L of resistance 32.7 Q. Balance is obtained when L;= 47.8 mH and R= 1.36 Q. Find the resistance and inductance of the coil in arm ab. Solution. At balance [(Ry +11) + joaLy] x 100 = (rp + foal.) x 100 Equating the real and imaginary terms Rtn =rand lL, =L -. Resistance of coil : ry =r Ry = 32.7 - 136 = 3134.2 Inductance of coil : Ly = 1, = 478 mH, Fig. 1623. Diagram of Example 16.3. Example 16.4, A Maxwell’s capacitance bridge shown in Fig. 1644 is used to measure an unknown inductance in comparison with capacitance. The various values at balance Rz = 400 QD; R; = 600 Q ; Ry = 1000 Q; Cy= 0.5 pF. Calculate the vianes of R and L;. Calculate also the value of storage (Q) factor of coil if frequency is 1000 Hz. 4, “ Re Solution. At balance (R + 0t}) (eal Fee 7A = RRs. Separating the real and imaginary terms, we have RaRy _ 400 x 600 Re ~ 1000 = 409 aad Ly = RoRsC; = 400 x 600 X 05 x 106 = 0.12 H, Ll, 2n x 100 x 0.12 Storage factor O= a = 249 4. ReExample 16.5. An inductance of 0.22 H and 20 Q resistance is measured by comparison with a fixed standard inductance of 0.1 H and 40 Q resistance. They are connected as shown in Fig. 16.24 (a). The unknown inductance is in arm ab and the standard inductance is arm bc, a resistance of 750 Q is connected in arm cd and a resistance whose amount is not known is in arm da. Find the resistance of arm da and show any necessary and practical additions required to achieve both resistive and inductive balance.Solution. Now Ry, = 20 Q; L, = 0.22 H; (@) Cy Fig. 16.24, Diagram of Example 16.5. At balance (Ry + Jools )Ry = Ro(Ry + jools) Thus the two balance equations are : From above, we have L °. Value of R; required for balance Ro= Ra = 750 x 3 hb Be and Dee R r Now examine the value of ratio = for the existing circuit, we have ss Ri 204, R, 407 The value of this ratio should be 2.2 for both resistive and inductive balance and therefore we must add a series resistance to arm ab. Let this series resistance be r,. Therefore Rtn =22 or 1 =22x40-20=682 The modified circuit is shown in Fig. 16.24. (h).Example 16.6. A bridge consists of the following Arm ab—a choke coil having a resistance Ry and inductance Ly. Arm bo—a non-inductive resistance Ry.» Arm cd—a mica condenser Cy in series with a non-inductive resistance Rg Arm da—a non-inductive resistance R. ‘When this bridge is fed from a source of 500 Hz, balance is obtained under following conditions. Ro = 2410 Q ; Ry = 750 Q ; Cy = 0.35 HF; Re = 64.5 Q ‘The series resistance of capacitor is. = 0,4 Q. Calculate the resistance and inductance of the choke coil.WS. BRIDGES on The supply is connected between a and c and the detector is between b and d. Solution. When we draw the sketch of this bridge, we find that it is Hay’s bridge shown in Fig. 16.5 ‘The analysis of Hay’s bridge is done in Art. 16.5.3. on page 591 : Now from Eqns. 16.21 and 16.22, inductance and resistance of the coil are : 4 RoRsCa 2410 x 750 x 0.35 x 106 = = 0.63 H. 1 = Ty etceR? 1+ nx 500% 035% 10x 649" ~ O03 H CPRRRCE_ (2 x 500)? x 2410 x 750 x 64.9 x (0.35 x 10-6? my oe Eee eee tat 14+ wR? 1 + (2m x 500 x 0.35 x 10° x 64.9)? | (Note that the resistance of arm cd is the sum of resistance of the series resistor and the series resistance | of capacitor i.e.R, = 64.5 + 0.4 = 64.9 Q).-a% f= (05 x 10) x 389 B= 0.712 pF. Dissipating factor Dy = tan 8, = @Cyr; = 2 x 450 x 0.712 x 10% x 3.65 = 0.00734.Example 16.10. A sheet of bakelite 4.5 mm thick is tested at 50 Hz. between electrodes 0.12 m in diameter. The Schering bridge employs a standard air capacitor C of 106 pF capacitance, a non-reactive resistance Ry of 1000/rQ in parallel with a variable capacitor C,, and a non-reactive variable resistance Rs. Balance is obtained with C, = 0.5 WF and Ry = 260 2. Calculate the capacitance, power factor and relative permittivity of sheet. Solution. The Schering bridge is shown in Fig. 16.11 where C, and r; represent the capacitance and series resistance of the capacitor. From Eqns. 16.35 and 16.36. ce 0.5 x 10* 12 GE Rs Topp 260 = 1.23 x 10° 0 Ry 1000 aod. =f, , pe C1 Re C= yepay * 106% 10 F = 130 pF. Power factor of sheet = Cyr) = 2 x 50 x 130 x 10-1? x 1.23 x 106 = 0.05 Now capacitance Cee . ti Cid 130x107 x 45 x 107 z- Relative permittivity e, = 14; MOXIE KAS x10” sg PA g.954 x 10° x E 0.1292 where > = permittivity of free space = 8.84 x 10-!2. Fim.