Module Handbook

M.Sc.
Medical Physics
with distinction in Radiotherapy
and Biomedical Optics

Medical Faculty Mannheim

Heidelberg University
General Information
Latest revision: December 2015

Module description for full and part-time study

Regular study duration: full study one year

part time study 2,5 years.

1 ECTS1 is equivalent to 30 study hours.

Module catalogue

1. Qualification objectives at Heidelberg University

2. General requirements of study
3. Aims of MSc. programme in Medical Physics
4. Specializations included in programme
5. Curriculum
6. Overview of modules
7. Modules in detail

1. Qualification objectives at Heidelberg University

In accordance with its mission statement and constitution, Heidelberg University’s degree
courses have subject-related, transdisciplinary and occupational objectives. They aim to
provide a comprehensive academic education equipping graduates for the world of work.

The main points of the competence profile are the following:

• developing subject-related skills with a pronounced research orientation

• developing the ability to engage in transdisciplinary dialogue
• developing practice-related problem-solving skills
• developing personal and social skills
• promoting the willingness to assume social responsibility on the basis of the skills
acquired

1
European Credit Transfer System
2. General requirements of study

Students Profile
The Master programme in Medical Physics (MSc: Master of Science) is an interdisciplinary
course intended for graduates of

 Physics (BSc2 or higher)

 Natural sciences (with basic knowledge in physics and mathematics)
 Engineering (with basic knowledge in physics)
 Medicine (only in case of excellent grades3)

This programme is clinically oriented; hence it strongly focuses on clinical questions. In

particular, the programme is intended for those students planning to work in the medical field
(either as medical physics expert after extra qualification on one hand side, or in research on
the other hand side). In this respect, the course provides theoretical background and
practical elements where the knowledge can be applied using modern clinical equipment.

Courses Locations

The master courses are located mostly at Mannheim Medical Campus. However, some
courses are located at Heidelberg University Campus in Heidelberg and the Institute of
Molecular Biology in Mainz.

Course Material

The learning material of all courses is accessible on the learning platform Moodle of the
Medical Faculty Mannheim. The access to the platform is enabled for the students enrolled in
the MSc. programme. Over this platform all administrative documents for students are
managed as well, including the lecture schedule, the rules and regulations, the course
selection and registration, the grades reports, etc.

moodle.medma.uni-heidelberg.de

2
Bachelor of Science
3
It is assumed that excellent students can obtain the necessary background in physics and
mathematics in self-study before the start of the master course.
Master Thesis

The Master programme in Medical Physics is nationally and internationally connected to

leading institutions in research and education for radiotherapy and medical imaging. The
master thesis can be done in any of the internal research groups in the University Medical
Center Mannheim or by any of the cooperation partners in a topic related with medical
physics. The option to perform the master thesis in other external institution is possible
provided that all the requirements stipulated by the Academic Committee are fulfilled. More
information about this topic is found in the guideline available in Moodle.

3. Aims of MSc. Programme in Medical Physics

The programme enables graduates to work in a clinical environment (after fulfilling extra
qualifications requirements depending on the respective country) and/or carry out
independent research in the field of Medical Physics.
The study goals of this programme are:

 obtain basic knowledge in anatomy, physiology, genetics

 obtain basic knowledge in biophysics and engineering mathematics (numerically
oriented) including programming
 obtain detailed knowledge in radiotherapy, nuclear medicine, medical imaging
 perform a scientific (life-science related) project
 successfully tackle technical issues related to Medical Physics
 obtain competence of critically assessing technical systems in medicine

Graduates career prospects are best in health-care/life-science sectors, e.g. hospitals,

research organizations and the medical technology industry. Successful completion of the
course may also qualify graduates for further certification as a state radiation-protection
commissioner (depending on the respective country). In Germany, for example, the status of
a certified medical physics expert can be attained after two additional years of supervised
practical work in a qualified radiation therapy department and an additional examination
specified in the German Radiation Protection Ordinance.
4. Specializations included in the programme

1. Radiotherapy

The specialization in Radiotherapy is focused on the background and advanced

knowledge related to planning and treatment methods (3D, IMRT,VMAT) of cancer in
radiation therapy, the radiotherapy equipment (linear accelerators, computed
tomography, intraoperative system, etc.), gives the basic insight into clinical tasks as
well as fundamental knowledge for advanced research work.

2. Imaging

Imaging specialization is focused on the diagnostic medical imaging modalities MRI,

PET and CT. The courses are orientated to give the student the fundamental
knowledge in processing, analysis and quantification of medical images. Special
attention is laid on the interdisciplinary approach to radiotherapy cancer treatment.
 4 Curriculum
4.1 full time study

Radiotherapy Imaging
Basic courses (7.5 ECTS)
Module 1
1.1 Biophysics (1.0)
1.2 Engineering Mathematics (3.5)
1.3 Genetics (1.0)
1.4 Basic Medical Science (2.0)

Advanced courses (7.0 ECTS)

Module 2

2.1 Radiation Protection (1.0)

2.2 Radiation Physics and Instrumentation (3.0)
6.6 General Science Skills (3.0)

Mandatory courses (9.5 ECTS) Mandatory courses (7.5 ECTS)

Module 3

3.2 Radiotherapy Treatment Planning/ 3.1 Physics of Imaging Systems (2.0)

Dosimetry/ QA (4.5) 3.7 Diagnostic Radiology (1.5)
3.3 Special Radiotherapy Techniques (3.0) 3.8 Nuclear Medicine (2.0)
3.4 Image Guided Radiotherapy (1.0) 3.14 Biomedical Engineering (2.0)
1st 3.5 Radiobiology (1.0)
Semester
Winter
Term Elective modules (8.0 ECTS)* Elective modules (9.0 ECTS)*
(Mannheim/
Heidelberg)
Module 4

3.1 Physics of Imaging Systems (2.0) 3.2 Radiotherapy Treatment Planning/

3.6 Image Analysis (4.5) Dosimetry/ QA (4.5)
3.7 Diagnostic Radiology (1.5) 3.3 Special Radiotherapy Techniques (3.0)
3.8 Nuclear Medicine (2.0) 3.4 Image Guided Radiotherapy (1.0)
3.9 Biomedical Optics (1.0) 3.5 Radiobiology (1.0)
3.10 Basic Optics (2.0) 3.6 Image Analysis (4.5)
3.13 Novel Diagnostic Methods in Ophthalmology (1.0) 3.9 Biomedical Optics (1.0)
3.14 Biomedical Engineering (2.0) 3.10 Basic Optics (2.0)
3.13 Novel Diagnostic Methods in Ophthalmology
(1.0)
3.29 Seminar MR Methods and Technology (2.0)

Workshops (8.0 ECTS)* Workshops (9.0 ECTS)*

Module 5
4.1 Basic Cellular Biology/Radiobiology (1.0)
4.2 MR-Radiology (1.0)
4.3 Radiation Protection and Quality Assurance (1.0)
4.4 Diagnostic Radiology/Image Management (1.0)
4.10 Eye Clinics (1.0)
4.11 Nanoscopy Lab (2.0)
4.12 Matlab Programming Exercise: Preparation for Master Thesis (4.0)
4.13 C++ Introductory Course (4.0)
7.0 Shanghai Workshop (1.0)

2sd Module 6 Mandatory (30.0 ECTS)

Semester
Summer
Term
(Mannheim/ 5.0 Master Thesis (30.0)
Heidelberg)

*number of maximum allowed ECTS values. All modules which are in each respective specialization not listed as mandatory
courses can be chosen as elective courses.
 5. Curriculum
5.2 part time study

Radiotherapy Imaging
Basic courses (7.5 ECTS)
Module 1
1.1 Biophysics (1.0)
1.2 Engineering Mathematics (3.5)
1.3 Genetics (1.0)
1st Semester 1.4 Basic Medical Science (2.0)
Winter Term Advanced courses (4.0 ECTS)
(Mannheim/ Module 2
Heidelberg)
2.1 Radiation Protection (1.0)
2.2 Radiation Physics and Instrumentation (3.0)
Sep-Dec
Module 3
Mandatory courses (5 ECTS) Mandatory courses 5 ECTS)
3.2 Radiotherapy Treatment Planning/ 3.1 Physics of Imaging Systems (2.0)
Dosimetry/ QA (4.5) 3.7 Diagnostic Radiology (1.5)
3.3 Special Radiotherapy Techniques 3.8 Nuclear Medicine (2.0)
(3.0) 3.14 Biomedical Engineering (2.0)
3.4 Image Guided Radiotherapy (1.0)
3.5 Radiobiology (1.0)
2sd Semester
Summer Term
(Mannheim/ No courses are offered
Heidelberg)

Advanced courses (3.0 ECTS)

Module 2
6.6 General Science Skills (3.0)
Module 4
Elective modules (11.0 ECTS)* Elective modules (11.0 ECTS)*

3.1 Physics of Imaging Systems (2.0) 3.2 Radiotherapy Treatment Planning/

3.6 Image Analysis (4.5) Dosimetry/ QA (4.5)
3.7 Diagnostic Radiology (1.5) 3.3 Special Radiotherapy Techniques (3.0)
3.8 Nuclear Medicine (2.0) 3.4 Image Guided Radiotherapy (1.0)
3rd Semester 3.9 Biomedical Optics (1.0) 3.5 Radiobiology (1.0)
Winter Term 3.10 Basic Optics (2.0) 3.6 Image Analysis (4.5)
(Mannheim/ 3.13 Novel Diagnostic Methods in Ophthalmology (1.0) 3.9 Biomedical Optics (1.0)
Heidelberg) 3.14 Biomedical Engineering (2.0) 3.10 Basic Optics (2.0)
3.13 Novel Diagnostic Methods in Ophthalmology (1.0)
Dec- Feb 3.29 Seminar MR Methods and Technology
(2.0)
Module 5
Workshops (10.0 ECTS)* Workshops (10.0 ECTS)*
4.1 Basic Cellular Biology/Radiobiology (1.0)
4.2 MR-Radiology (1.0)
4.3 Radiation Protection and Quality Assurance (1.0)
4.4 Diagnostic Radiology/Image Management (1.0)
4.10 Eye Clinics (1.0)
4.11 Nanoscopy Lab (2.0)
4.12 Matlab Programming Exercise: Preparation for Master Thesis (4.0)
4.13 C++ Introductory Course (4.0)
7.0 Shanghai Workshop (1.0)
4sd Semester Module 6 Mandatory (15.0 ECTS)
Summer Term
(Mannheim/
Heidelberg) First part of 5.0 Master Thesis (15.0)

March- May
5th Semester Module 6 Mandatory (15.0 ECTS)
Winter Term
(Mannheim/
Heidelberg) Second part of 5.0 Master Thesis (15.0)
Sept-Nov

* number of maximum allowed ECTS values. All modules which are in each respective specialization not listed as mandatory courses can be
chosen as elective courses.
6. Overview of the Modules

Module Part Course Nr. Title ECTS

1.1 Biophysics 1.0

Foundation 1.2 Engineering Mathematics 3.5
1 Module 1.3 Genetics 1.0
(Mandatory) 1.4 Basic Medical Science 2.0
Total 7.5

Basics of 2.1 Radiation Protection 1.0

Radiation 2.2 Radiation Physics and Instrumentation 3.0
2 6.6 General Science Skills 3.0
Physics
(Mandatory) Total 7.0

3.1 Physics of Imaging Systems 2.0

3.2 Radiotherapy Treatment Planning/ Dosimetry/ QA 4.5
3.3 Special Radiotherapy Techniques 3.0
3.4 Image Guided Radiotherapy 1.0
Mandatory or 3.5 Radiobiology 1.0
elective 3.6 Image Analysis 4.5
3&4 3.7 Diagnostic Radiology 1.5
according to
(R / I) 3.8 Nuclear Medicine 2.0
the
specialization 3.9 Biomedical Optics 1.0
3.10 Basic Optics 2.0
3.13 Novel Diagnostic Methods in Ophthalmology 1.0
3.14 Biomedical Engineering 2.0
Total

4.1 Basic Cellular Biology/Radiobiology 1.0

4.2 MR – Radiology 1.0
4.3 Radiation Protection and Quality Assurance 1.0
4.4 Diagnostic Radiology/ Image Management 1.0
Workshops 4.10 Eye Clinics (Mannheim) 1.0
5 (to be selected 4.11 Nanoscopy Lab (Mainz) 2.0
minimum 3) 4.12 Matlab Programming Exercise: Preparation for Master
Thesis 4.0
4.13 C++ Introductory Course 4.0
7.0 Shanghai Workshop 1.0
Total

Masters project and thesis writing; Public presentation of

6 Master thesis 5.0
the thesis and final examination 30.0
 1

6. Modules in Detail

Module 1. Basic courses (Mandatory)

Course Nr. Module Title

1.1
Biophysics

Credit Points Lecture 25 h Type of Course Turn Language

Self-Study 3 h
1.0 Preparation for Exam 2 h Lecture Yearly English

Contents of Module:
 Biophysics of DNA/sequencing, Protein/Protein structure determination and prediction
 Biophysical electrophysiology

Learning Objectives:

Students should have the competence to read and understand papers in this field. They should be
able to apply the knowledge to concrete applications. They should further be able to solve typical
questions in this field of biophysical processes. In particular, they are able to develop programs for
sequence alignment, protein structure classification, and prediction, find native conformations using
force-fields, and be able to correctly perform electrophysiological measurements.

Requirements of Participation/ Required Previous Knowledge:

None

Useful Previous Knowledge:

None

Exam Regulations: yes Exam (written/ oral/ exercises/ report): Basics in Physics

Formalities Required: no

Max. Number of Participants: 40

Other Comments: Block Course

Coordinator:
Prof. Dr. J. W. Hesser

Recommended Literature:
Will be given at the beginning of the lecture.
 2

Module Title
Course Nr.
1.2 Engineering Mathematics

Credit Points Lecture 30 h Type of Course Turn Language

Self-Study 25 h
3 Preparation for Exam 5 h Lecture Yearly English

Contents of Module:
 System modelling and description (numerical methods for solution of linear systems,
approximation/integration, solving differential equations, optimization, Fourier transforms, and
systems theory)
 Matlab exercises (basic programming)

Learning Objectives:
Students should be able to solve typical numerical problems in computational physics. They should
also be able to program the solutions and use the pre-existing Matlab functions for this purpose.
Further, they should be select the most appropriate techniques and be able to perform simple
mathematical proofs.

Requirements of Participation/ Required Previous Knowledge:

None

Useful Previous Knowledge:

None

Exam Regulations: yes Exam (written/ oral/ exercises/ report): Basics in Physics

Formalities Required: no

Max. Number of Participants: 40

Other Comments: Block Course

Coordinator:
Prof. Dr. J. W. Hesser

Recommended Literature:
Will be given at the beginning of the lecture.
 3

Course Nr. Module Title

1.3
Genetics

Credit Points Lecture 15 h Type of Course Turn Language

Self-Study 10 h
1.0 Preparation for Exam 5 h Lecture Yearly English

Contents of Module:
 Genetics
 DNA, genome, chromosomes
 Physical and chemical properties of DNA
 Cell division, cell cycle
 Genetic diseases

Learning Objectives:
Knowledge in genetics and the genome.

Requirements of Participation/ Required Previous Knowledge:

None

Useful Previous Knowledge:

None

Exam Regulations: Written Exam: Basics in Medicine

Formalities Required: no

Max. Number of Participants: 40

Other Comments: Block Course

Coordinator:
Prof. Dr. Veldwijk , PD Dr. P. Maier

Recommended Literature:
Will be given at the beginning of the lecture.
 4

Course Nr. Module Title

1.4
Basic Medical Science

Credit Points Lecture 40 h Type of Course Turn Language

Self-Study 10 h
2.0 Preparation for Exam 10 h Lecture Yearly English

Contents of Module:
 Medical terminology
 Macroscopic anatomy of the human body as required for physicists (anatomical relations,
organ motion, differences in tissue properties and their consequences)
 Focus on anatomical relations of truncus and CNS.
 Preparation of slice-imaging techniques (CT, US, MRI, PET) and their interpretation
 Physiology of cardiovascular system, CNS and Metabolic organs (Liver, Kidney)
 Modelling of physiology
 Contouring of structures in radiation planning
 Radiation response

Learning Objectives:
Competence in anatomy and physiology.

Requirements of Participation/ Required Previous Knowledge:

None

Useful Previous Knowledge:

None

Exam Regulations: Written Exam: Basics in Medicine

Formalities Required: no

Max. Number of Participants: 40

Other Comments: Block Course

Coordinator:
Prof. Dr. W. Kriz, Prof. Dr. U. Böcker, Prof. Dr. F. Lohr, Prof. Dr. J. Maurer, Dr. T. Gloe

Recommended Literature:
 Netter’s Anatomy, Thieme Verlag
 5

Module 2. Advanced Courses (Mandatory)

Course Nr. Module Title

2.1
Radiation Protection

Credit Points Lecture 8 h Type of Course Turn Language

Self-Study 14 h
1.0 Preparation for Exam 8 h Lecture Yearly English

Contents of Module:
 Basics of biological radiation effects
 Estimation of risk of stochastic radiation damage on basis of epidemiological data
 Consideration of development of tumors, risk of damage in germline and risk of embryo
damage
 Discussion of legal regulations about diagnostic and therapeutic radiation

Learning Objectives:
Risk of radiation, radiation protection, estimate risk of radiation, legal regulations for radiation

Requirements of Participation/ Required Previous Knowledge:

None

Useful Previous Knowledge:

General Knowledge Nuclear Physics, Radiation Physics

Exam Regulations: Written Exam: Basics in Radiotherapy

Formalities Required: no

Max. Number of Participants: 40

Other Comments: Block Course

Coordinator:
Prof. Dr. F. Wenz, Mr. V. Steil, PD Dr. C. Herskind

Recommended Literature:
 www.icrp.org, especially:
 http://www.icrp.org/docs/Summary_B-scan_ICRP_60_Ann_ICRP_1990_Recs.pdf
resp. complete ICRP Report 60
 6

Course Nr. Module Title

2.2
Radiation Physics and Instrumentation

Credit Points Lecture 26 h Type of Course Turn Language

Self-Study 26 h
3.0 Preparation for Exam 12 h Lecture Yearly English

Contents of Module:
 Technical and clinical development of radiation therapy
 Application of radiation therapy to malicious, benign tumors
 Technical foundation of radiation therapy (planning, simulator dose calculation, tele-therapy,
brachytherapy)
 Chain of radiation oncology: CT, simulation, virtual simulation
 Foundations of radiation physics

Learning Objectives:
Basics of radiation oncology, medical indication, different modalities of treatment, treatment chain, and
physical background.

Requirements of Participation/ Required Previous Knowledge:

None

Useful Previous Knowledge:

General Knowledge Nuclear Physics, Radiation Physics and Radiation Protection

Exam Regulations: Written Exam: Basics in Radiotherapy

Formalities Required: no

Max. Number of Participants: 40

Other Comments: Block Course

Coordinator:
Prof. Dr. F. Lohr, Mr. V. Steil, PD Dr. H. Wertz, Dr. M. Polednik, Prof. Dr. A. Zakaria

Recommended Literature:
 A century in Radiology: http://www.xray.hmc.psu.edu/rci/
 Radiotherapy Physics: in Practice, Williams/Thwaites, Oxford University Press, 2000
 The Physics of Radiation Therapy, Faiz M. Khan, Lippincott, 2003
 Radiation Oncology – Management Decisions, Chao, Lippincott, 2002
 Practical Radiotherapy Planning, Dobbs/Barrett/Ash, Edwar Arnold, 1999
 Radiation Therapy Planning, Bentel, McGraw-Hill, 1995
 7

Course Nr. Module Title

6.6
General Science Skills

Credit Points Workshop 4 h Type of Course Turn

3 Self-Study 86 h Workshop Yearly

Contents of Module:
The students receive a topic/theme (i.e. future master thesis topic).
 Following the theme, the students work on the state of the art and present it (i.e. in terms of a
grant proposal).
 The students learn how to get new ideas through special techniques like brainstorming. They
have to structure these ideas and develop a research plan/proposal. A presentation has to be
prepared and presented.
A tutor will introduce the students to each task and will guide them through their work.

Learning Objectives:
The students learn how to plan a scientific work, how to gain information about the state of the art,
how to write a grant proposal and how to gain new ideas in a research field.

Requirements of Participation/ Required Previous Knowledge:

None

Useful Previous Knowledge:

None

Exam Regulations: Presentation / report /protocol

Formalities Required: no

Max. Number of Participants: 40

Other Comments: Block Workshop

Coordinator:
Prof. Dr. G. Glatting

Recommended Literature:
Will be given at the beginning of the workshop.
 8

Module 3. Elective courses

Course Nr. Module Title

3.1
Physics of Imaging Systems
Credit Points Lecture 24 h Type of Course Turn Language
Self-Study 30 h
2.0 Preparation for Exam 10 h Lecture Yearly English

Contents of Module:
physical basics of imaging systems:
 conventional X-ray
 Computer Tomography CT
 Magnetic Resonance Imaging MRI
 Sonography/ Ultrasound
 Medical Equipment

Learning Objectives:
Students should learn about the physical basics of different imaging systems: X-ray, CT, MRI and
Sonography.

Requirements of Participation/ Required Previous Knowledge:

None

Useful Previous Knowledge:

General basics in physics.

Exam Regulations: Written Exam: Physics of Imaging Systems

Formalities Required: no

Max. Number of Participants: 40

Other Comments: Block Course

Coordinator:
Prof. Dr. L. Schad

Recommended Literature:
 Medical Imaging Physics, Hendee/Ritenour, Wiley-Liss, 2002
 Bildgebende Systeme für die medizinische Diagnostik, Morneburg, 1995
 Computertomographie. Grundlagen, Gerätetechnologie, Bildqualität,
Anwendungen, Kalender, 2006
 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Theory and Practice, Vlaardingerbroek/den
Boer, 2003
 9

Course Nr. Module Title

3.2
Radiotherapy Treatment Planning/ Dosimetry/ Quality Assurance

Lecture 26 h
Credit Points Lecture 26 h Type of Course Turn Language
Practical Course 6h
4.5 Self-Study 69 h Lecture/ Practical Yearly English
Preparation for Exam 14 h Course

Contents of Module:
 Basics of treatment planning and computation of monitor units for radiation oncology with
linear accelerators
 Methods for dose measurement (Ionization chambers, semi-conductor detectors, TLDs, film
dosimetry)
 Algorithms for dose computation: Pencil Beam, Collapsed Cone, Monte Carlo
 Quality assurance of treatment planning/workflow in radio-oncology (imaging systems,
computers, simulator, accelerator) focusing on geometric and dosimetric parameters

Learning Objectives:
Basic and detailed knowledge of relevant techniques in treatment planning, dosimetry, and quality
assurance, current workflow and theoretical basis for measurement and experiments with radiation
systems

Requirements of Participation/ Required Previous Knowledge:

Successful Participation in Modules 1.1, 1.2, 2.1 and 2.2

Useful Previous Knowledge:

Modules 3.7 & 2.2 (Diagnostic Radiology & Radiation Oncology/ Radiation Physics)

Exam Regulations: Written Exam: Advanced Radiotherapy

Formalities Required: no

Max. Number of Participants: 40

Other Comments: Block Course

Coordinator:
PD Dr. H. Wertz, Dr. M. Polednik, Prof. Dr. J. Hesser

Recommended Literature:
 A century in Radiology: http://www.xray.hmc.psu.edu/rci/
 Radiotherapy Physics: in Practice, Williams/Thwaites, Oxford University Press, 2000
 The Physics of Radiation Therapy, Faiz M. Khan, Lippincott, 2003
 Practical Radiotherapy Planning, Dobbs/Barrett/Ash, Edwar Arnold, 1999
 Radiation Therapy Planning, Bentel, McGraw-Hill, 1995
 ESTRO Publications:
1. Monitor Unit Calculation for High Energy Photon Beams
2. Recommendations for a Quality Assurance Programme in External Radiotherapy
3. Practical Guidelines for the Implementation of a Quality System in Radiotherapy
 AAPM Radiation Therapy Committee Task Group 53: Quality assurance for clinical
radiotherapy treatment planning, Fraas et al., Med Phys Vol. 25, No. 10, October 1998
 10

Course Nr. Module Title

3.3
Special Radiotherapy Techniques

Credit Points Lecture 16 h Type of Course Turn Language

Self-Study 38 h
3.0 Preparation for Exam 16 h Lecture Yearly English

Contents of Module:
 Foundations of brachytherapy
1. used dose rates:
Low dose rate, Intermediate dose rate, High dose rate, Pulsed Dose Rate)
2. dosimetry systems (Paris System, Manchester System), principles of brachytherapeutic
applications
3. computer based and image based treatment planning
 Stereotactic-based precision radiation therapy
 Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT): special technical foundations/ quality assurance
 Particle therapy.

Learning Objectives:
Innovative radio-oncologic methods and how they are practically used.

Requirements of Participation/ Required Previous Knowledge:

Successful Participation in Modules 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2 and 3.2

Useful Previous Knowledge:

General Knowledge Nuclear Physics, Radiation Physics, radiation planning, Dosimetry and quality
assurance in radiology and radiotherapy

Exam Regulations: Written Exam: Advanced Radiotherapy

Formalities Required: no

Max. Number of Participants: 40

Other Comments: Block Course

Coordinator:
Dr. F. Stieler, tbd

Recommended Literature:
 The GEC/ESTRO Handbook of Brachytherapy, Gerbaulet, ESTRO Publishing, 2002
 Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy, Webb, Institute of Physics Publishing, 2001
 Inverse planning algorithms for external beam radiation therapy, Chui, Med. Dosim, 2001
 AAPM Report on IMRT, Ezzell et al., Med. Phys. 30, 2003
 11

Course Nr. Module Title

3.4
Image Guided Radiotherapy

Credit Points Lecture 8 h Type of Course Turn Language

Self-Study 12 h
1.0 Preparation for Exam 10 h Lecture Yearly English

Contents of Module:
 Techniques of patient positioning and target location in radiation therapy (simulation, portal
imaging, positioning support systems/mask systems), inaccuracies herein concerning
positioning accuracy and dosimetry
 Localization by ultrasound
 Localization by 2D X-ray (portal imaging, Fiducial markers)
 3D-CT (Cone Beam CT, Gantry Mounted Volume Imaging)
 Adaptive radiation therapy

Learning Objectives:
Medical foundations of image guided radiotherapy and their physical principles.

Requirements of Participation/ Required Previous Knowledge:

Successful attendance in Modules 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 2.2 and 3.2

Useful Previous Knowledge:

General Knowledge Nuclear Physics, Radiation Physics, imaging systems, radiation therapy

Exam Regulations: Written Exam: Advanced Radiotherapy

Formalities Required: no

Max. Number of Participants: 40

Other Comments: Block Course

Coordinator:
PD Dr. H. Wertz

Recommended Literature:
will be given at the beginning of the lecture.
 12

Course Nr. Module Title

3.5
Radiobiology

Lecture/ Workshop 10 h
Credit Points Preparation for Type of Course Turn Language
Presentation 6h
1.0 Self-Study 10 h Lecture/ Yearly English
Preparation for Exam 4 h Workshop

Contents of Module:
 Basics of biological radiation effect (physical interaction of different radiation qualities with
matter, chemical reactions following, biological consequences)
 Cell cycle, proliferation, signal chain gene-protein
 DNA-defects and their consequences, DNA repair
 Different radiation sensitivity on cellular and tissue level
 Biological consequences of different fractionation protocols

Learning Objectives:
Describe the biological basis of radiation effects.

Requirements of Participation/ Required Previous Knowledge:

Successful attendance in Modules 1.1, 1.3 and 1.4

Useful Previous Knowledge:

General Knowledge Nuclear Physics, Radiation Physics, knowledge of cell biology

Exam Regulations: Presentation/ Written Exam/ Report: Advanced Radiotherapy

Formalities Required: no

Max. Number of Participants: 40

Other Comments: Block Course

Coordinator:
PD Dr. C. Herskind, Prof. Dr. M. Veldwijk

Recommended Literature:
 Hall, E. J. and Giaccia, A. J. "Radiobiology for the Radiologist" 7th Edition. Lippincott Williams
& Wilkins (Philadelphia) 2012. ISBN-13: 978-1-60831-193-4
 Joiner, M. and van der Kogel A. (Eds) "Basic Clinical Radiobiology" 4th Edition. Hodder Arnold
(London) 2009. ISBN: 978 0 340 929 667
 13

Course Nr. Module Title

3.6
Image Analysis

Lecture 20 h
Credit Points Exercise 50 h Type of Course Turn Language
Self-Study 50 h
4 Preparation for Exam 10 h Lecture/ Exercise Yearly English

Contents of Module:
 Digitalization of image information/ relevant data formats
 Mathematical methods of image transformation, digital filtering (linear, non-linear), Fourier-
transform, segmentation, registration and pattern recognition

Learning Objectives:
Students should be able to perform all steps of the image processing workflow. They should have the
competence to select the most appropriate methods, program them and evaluate the achieved results.

Requirements of Participation/ Required Previous Knowledge:

Successful attendance in modules 1.2 and 3.7

Useful Previous Knowledge:

None

Exam Regulations: yes Exam (written/oral/exercises/report)

Formalities Required: no

Max. Number of Participants: 40

Other Comments: Block Course

Coordinator:
Prof. Dr. J. W. Hesser

Recommended Literature:
 Medical Image Processing, Gonzalez/Woods/Eddin, Pearson, 2004
 14

Course Nr. Module Title

3.7
Diagnostic Radiology

Credit Points Lecture 12 h Type of Course Turn Language

Self-Study 24 h
1.5 Preparation for Exam 9 h Lecture Yearly English

Contents of Module:
 Physical foundations of imaging systems:
a) X-ray (fluoroscopy, angiography, mammography)
b) CT
c) MRI, MRS
d) US
especially: radiation quality, imaging parameters, future developments
 Properties of imaging systems for therapy planning
 Image transfer, image storage, typical data formats

Learning Objectives:
Physical basis of different radio-diagnostic systems and the main aspects of their clinical usage.

Requirements of Participation/ Required Previous Knowledge:

Successful attendance in module 1.4

Useful Previous Knowledge:

General Knowledge Nuclear Physics, Radiation Physics

Exam Regulations: Written Exam: Advanced Radiotherapy

Formalities Required: no

Max. Number of Participants: 40

Other Comments: Block Course

Coordinator:
PD Dr. G. Weisser, Prof. Dr. K. Büsing, Dr. S. Haneder

Recommended Literature:
 Medical Imaging Physics, Hendee/Ritenour, Wiley-Liss, 2002
 15

Course Nr. Module Title

3.8
Nuclear Medicine (advanced)

Credit Points Lecture 20 h Type of Course Turn Language

Self-Study 28 h
2.0 Preparation for Exam 12 h Lecture Yearly English

Contents of Module:
 Basic physics of imaging with radioactive substances
 Nuclear Medicine instrumentation (e.g. gamma camera/SPECT/PET)
 Radionuclide production
 Evaluation of diagnostic systems
 Modelling in nuclear medicine
 Radiochemistry / radiopharmacy
 Clinical nuclear medicine (scintigraphy / immunoscintigraphy / PET)
 Molecular radiotherapy (radioiodine therapy, radioimmunotherapy, peptide receptor
radionuclide therapy)
 Combination of nuclear medical methods with other imaging techniques
(Fusion PET/CT, SPECT/CT)

Learning Objectives:
Main nuclear medical imaging and therapy techniques, their physical basics and usage in the clinic.

Requirements of Participation/ Required Previous Knowledge:

None

Useful Previous Knowledge:

m2.1: Radiation Protection
m2.2: Basic Radiation Oncology/Radiation Physics
m3.7: Diagnostic Radiology

Exam Regulations: Written Exam: Advanced Radiotherapy

Formalities Required: no

Max. Number of Participants: 40

Other Comments: Block Course

Coordinator:
Prof. Dr. G. Glatting, Prof. Dr. D. Dinter, Prof. Dr. B. Wängler, Prof. Dr. K. Büsing

Recommended Literature:
 Physics in Nuclear Medicine. SR Cherry, JA Sorenson, ME Phelps. 4 ed. Philadelphia,
th

Pennsylvania: Saunders/Elsevier 2012.

 Medical Imaging Physics, Hendee/Ritenour, Wiley-Liss, 2002
 16

Course Nr. Module Title

3.9
Biomedical Optics (Basic Optics and Lasers)

Credit Points Lecture 12 h Type of Course Turn Language

Self-Study 10 h
1.0 Preparation for Exam 8 h Lecture Yearly English

Contents of Module:
physical basics of biomedical optics
 basics of geometrical optics: reflection- and refraction law, dispersion, polarization
 physical basics of optics: particle/wave dualism, Maxwell laws
 basics of laser physics: principals, interaction with matter, laser-properties and –systems
 biomedical applications: lasers in medicine, microscopy, etc.

Learning Objectives:
students should learn about the physical basics in optics and lasers

Requirements of Participation/ Required Previous Knowledge:

Successful attendance in module 3.10

Useful Previous Knowledge:

general basics in physics and optics

Exam Regulations: Written Exam: Basics in Optics and Laser Physics

Formalities Required: no

Max. Number of Participants: 40

Other Comments: Block Course

Coordinator:
Prof. Dr. L. Schad

Recommended Literature:
 E. Hecht and A. Zajac, Optics, Addison Wesley, International 4 ed., 2003
th

 M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of optics: Electromagnetic theory of propagation, Cambridge

University Press, 2002
 M.H. Niemz, Laser-Tissue Interactions: Fundamentals and Applications (Biomedical and
rd
Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering), Springer, 3 enlarged ed., 2003
 L.O. Björn, Photobiology, Springer, 2008
 17

Course Nr. Module Title

3.10
Basic Optics

Credit Points Lecture 16 h Type of Course Turn Language

Self-Study 32 h
2.0 Preparation for Exam 12 h Lecture Yearly English

Contents of Module:
 Geometric optics: reflection, refraction, dispersion, polarization
 Optical aberration
 Gauss-optics
 Diffraction optics
 Interferometry
 Optical resolution, human eye, optical instruments

Learning Objectives:
Geometric optics, lens equations for optical systems, diffraction theory and interfereometrical
measurement methods.

Requirements of Participation/ Required Previous Knowledge:

Successful Participation in Introductory Courses 1.1 – 1.4

Useful Previous Knowledge:

General knowledge in optics

Exam Regulations: Written Exam: Basic Optics

Formalities Required: no

Max. Number of Participants: 40

Other Comments: Block Course

Coordinator:
Prof. Dr. J. Bille

Recommended Literature:
 E. Hecht, Physics, Brooks/Cole Publishing Company,1994
 P. Tipler, Physics, Worth Publishers Inc., 1982
 M. Born and E. Wolf, Principles of optics: Electromagnetic theory of propagation, Cambridge
University Press, 2002
 18

Course Nr. Module Title

3.13
Novel Diagnostic Methods in Ophthalmology

Credit Points Lecture 12 h Type of Course Turn Language

Self-Study 24h
1.0 Lecture Yearly English

Contents of Module:
 Light scatter in cornea, measurement of thickness of cornea
 Concepts of laser scanning tomography, three-dimensional pailla analysis, nerve fiber layer
measurements
 Principles of angiography

Learning Objectives:
Recent diagnostic methods in ophthalmology.

Requirements of Participation/ Required Previous Knowledge:

Successful attendance in module 3.10

Useful Previous Knowledge:

None

Exam Regulations: no

Formalities Required: no

Max. Number of Participants: 40

Other Comments: Block Course

Coordinator:
Prof. Dr. H. Krastel, Prof. Dr. S. Beutelsbacher, Prof. Dr. F. Schlichtenbrede

Recommended Literature:
will be given at the beginning of the lecture.
 19

Course Nr. Module Title

3.14
Biomedical Engineering

Credit Points Lecture 24 h Type of Course Turn Language

Self-Study 30 h
2.0 Preparation for Exam 10 h Lecture Yearly English

Contents of Module:
Basic Physics of biomedical engineering:
 Blood Pressure
 Blood Flow
 ECG
 EEG
 MEG
 MRS

Learning Objectives:
Basic knowledge in biomedical engineering.

Requirements of Participation/ Required Previous Knowledge:

Successful attendance in module 1.4

Useful Previous Knowledge:

Basics in Physics

Exam Regulations: Written Exam: Basics in Biomedical Engineering

Formalities Required: no

Max. Number of Participants: 40

Other Comments: Block Course

Coordinator:
Prof. Dr. L. Schad

Recommended Literature:
 Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Brown et al., 1999
 20

Course Nr. Module Title

3.29
Seminar MR Methods and Technology

Preparation for Presentation:

Credit Points Type of Turn Language
30 h
2.0 Course
(whole year seminar: total 96
Seminar Yearly English
h)

Contents of Module:
The topic depends on the current state of the art and the supervising lab (module 3.21).
 Physical basics of imaging and/or diagnostic techniques:
 MRI
 CT
Workflow:
 Attendance in the Journal Club Imaging (min. 5 times)
 Presentation in Journal Club (1 time)

Learning Objectives:
The students learn to take part in scientific discussions, formulate a topic related to current state of the
art and present it. They learn to work on and present scientific problems, including i.e. literature
research.

Requirements of Participation/ Required Previous Knowledge:

Successful attendance in courses 3.1 and 6.6

Useful Previous Knowledge:

None

Exam Regulations: Presentation, min. 5 times presence in seminar

Formalities Required: no

Max. Number of Participants: 6

Other Comments: Seminar, every Wednesday

Lecturers:
Prof. Dr. L. Schad

Recommended Literature:
 Medical Imaging Physics, Hendee/Ritenour, Wiley-Liss, 2002.0
 Bildgebende Systeme für die medizinische Diagnostik, Morneburg, 1995
 Computertomographie. Grundlagen, Gerätetechnologie, Bildqualität,
Anwendungen, Kalender, 2006
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Theory and Practice, Vlaardingerbroek/den
Boer, 2003
 21

Module 4. Workshops

Course Nr. Module Title

4.1
Basic Cellular Biology/ Radiobiology

Credit Points Type of Course Turn Language

Practical Course 16 h
Self-Study 14 h Practical Course/
1.0 Yearly English
Lab

Contents of Module:
 Basics of cell culture
 Techniques in micro biology
 Basics of molecular biology techniques (Flowcytometry, PCR, Genetransfer, gene expression
analysis)

Learning Objectives:
Theoretical and practical basics about cell culture, sterile working, molecular biology methods.

Requirements of Participation/ Required Previous Knowledge:

None

Useful Previous Knowledge:

Basics in Biology and Chemistry

Exam Regulations: data evaluation / presentation / report

Formalities Required: no

Max. Number of Participants: 40

Other Comments: Block Practical Course

Coordinator:
PD Dr. C. Herskind, Prof. Dr. M. Veldwijk, PD Dr. P. Maier

Recommended Literature:
 Hall, E. J. and Giaccia, A. J. "Radiobiology for the Radiologist" 7th Edition. Lippincott Williams
& Wilkins (Philadelphia) 2012. ISBN-13: 978-1-60831-193-4
 Joiner, M. and van der Kogel A. (Eds) "Basic Clinical Radiobiology" 4th Edition. Hodder Arnold
(London) 2009. ISBN: 978 0 340 929 667
 22

Course Nr. Module Title

4.2
MR-Radiology

Credit Points Type of Course Turn Language

Practical Course 16 h
Self-Study 14 h Practical Course/
1.0 Yearly English
Lab

Contents of Module:
 Practical training in image acquisition with MRI (phantom experiments)
 Characteristics of conventional imaging sequences regarding tissue contrast, artefacts …
(T1, T2)
 Characteristics of fast imaging sequences
 Application of special sequences (angiography, diffusion tensor imaging, functional MRI)
 Practical training in MR- spectroscopy

Learning Objectives:
In-depth exercises in MRI following the theoretical knowledge of module 3.1. The students learn the
important applications of MR in medicine. They learn to handle imaging techniques and different
contrast modalities as well as gain knowledge in MR- spectroscopy.

Requirements of Participation/ Required Previous Knowledge:

successful attendance in module 3.1

Useful Previous Knowledge:

general basics in physics and MRI

Exam Regulations: presentation and data evaluation

Formalities Required: no

Max. Number of Participants: 40

Other Comments: Block Practical Course

Coordinator:
Prof. Dr. L. Schad

Recommended Literature:
 Medical Imaging Physics, Hendee/Ritenour, Wiley-Liss, 2002
 23

Course Nr. Module Title

4.3
Radiation Protection and Quality Assurance

Credit Points Type of Course Turn Language

Practical Course 16 h
Self-Study 14 h Practical Course/
1.0 Yearly English
Lab

Contents of Module:
 Person dosimetry, radiation protection from architectural side
 Practical exercises for quality assurance of workflow and treatment planning system (system
geometry, dosimetry)
 Dosimetry with different detector systems (ionization chamber, solid state detector, film
dosimeter) in different measurement systems (water phantom, water equivalent solid phantom
etc.)

Learning Objectives:
Practical application of theoretical knowledge by measuring in phantoms for dosimetry and quality
assurance.

Requirements of Participation/ Required Previous Knowledge:

Participation in modules 2.1, 2.2 and 3.2

Useful Previous Knowledge:

Basics in radiation protection / treatment planning / dosimetry / quality assurance

Exam Regulations: data evaluation /report

Formalities Required: no

Max. Number of Participants: 40

Other Comments: Block Practical Course

Coordinator:
Mr. V. Steil, Dr. M. Polednik, Dr. S. Clausen

Recommended Literature:
 A century in Radiology: http://www.xray.hmc.psu.edu/rci/
 Radiotherapy Physics in Practice, Williams/Thwaites, Oxford University Press, 2000
 The Physics of Radiation Therapy, Faiz M. Khan, Lippincott, 2003
 Practical Radiotherapy Planning, Dobbs/Barrett/Ash, Edwar Arnold, 1999
 Radiation Therapy Planning, Bentel, McGraw-Hill, 1995
 ESTRO Publications:
1. Monitor Unit Calculation for High Energy Photon Beams
2. Recommendations for a Quality Assurance Programme in External Radiotherapy
3. Practical Guidelines for the Implementation of a Quality System in Radiotherapy
 AAPM Radiation Therapy Committee Task Group 53: Quality assurance for clinical
radiotherapy treatment planning, Fraas et al., Med Phys Vol. 25, No. 10, October 1998
 24

Course Nr. Module Title

4.4
Diagnostic Radiology / Image Management

Credit Points Type of Course Turn Language

Practical Course 16 h
Self-Study 14 h Practical Course/
1.0 Yearly English
Lab

Contents of Module:
 Workflow in radiology department
 Working with different imaging systems (x-ray and non-x-ray devices)
 Practical exercises for a system architecture of image storage and handling
 Image transfer techniques, networking, tele-radiology

Learning Objectives:
Working with imaging systems (CT, MRI), data storage/ management and transfer.

Requirements of Participation/ Required Previous Knowledge:

None

Useful Previous Knowledge:

module 3.7 (Diagnostic Radiology)

Exam Regulations: no

Formalities Required: no

Max. Number of Participants: 40

Other Comments: Block Practical Course

Coordinator:
PD Dr. G. Weisser, Prof. Dr. C. Groden

Recommended Literature:
Medical Imaging Physics, Hendee/Ritenour, Wiley-Liss, 2002
 25

Course Nr. Module Title

4.10
Eye Clinics (Mannheim)

Credit Points Type of Course Turn Language

Practical Course 16 h
Self-Study 14 h Practical Course/
1.0 Yearly English
Lab

Contents of Module:
 Practical exercises in SLO, OCT and cornea angiography

Learning Objectives:
Application of ophthalmologic systems and practical experience in ophthalmologic diagnostic systems.

Requirements of Participation/ Required Previous Knowledge:

None

Useful Previous Knowledge:

None

Exam Regulations: written protocol

Formalities Required: no

Max. Number of Participants: 40

Other Comments: Block Course

Coordinator:
Prof. Dr. H. Krastel, Prof. Dr. S. Beutelsbacher, Prof. Dr. F. Schlichtenbrede

Recommended Literature:
will be given at the beginning of the lab.
 26

Course Nr. Module Title

4.11
Nanoscopy Lab (Mainz)

Credit Points Type of Course Turn Language

Practical Course 24 h
Self-Study 36 h Practical Course/
2.0 Yearly English
Lab

Contents of Module:
 Confocal laser scanning microscopy
 Spectral precision microscopy
 Wavefield microscopy
 Signal processing and biological application

Learning Objectives:
Knowledge about different light-optical microscopes for structure imaging beyond conventional optical
resolution.

Requirements of Participation/ Required Previous Knowledge:

None

Useful Previous Knowledge:

None

Exam Regulations: written protocol

Formalities Required: no

Max. Number of Participants: 40

Other Comments: Block Course

Coordinator:
Prof. Dr. C. Cremer, Dr. U. Birk (IMB, University Mainz)

Recommended Literature:
will be given at the beginning of the lab.
 27

Course Nr. Module Title

4.12
Matlab Programming Exercise: Preparation for Master Thesis

Credit Points Lecture 10 h Type of Course Turn Language

Self-Study 90 h
4.0 Preparation for Exam 20 h Lecture / Practical Yearly English
Course

Contents of Module:
 User interfaces
 Advanced Matlab programming skills
 Typical applications where Matlab is applied in the master thesis

Learning Objectives:
Advanced programming concepts, should obtain the required programming knowledge required to realize
a programming-oriented master thesis.

Requirements of Participation/ Required Previous Knowledge:

Basic knowledge of programming in Matlab

Useful Previous Knowledge:

None

Exam Regulations: yes Exam (written/oral/exercises/report)

Formalities Required: no

Max. Number of Participants: 40

Other Comments: Block Course

Coordinator:
Prof. Dr. J. W. Hesser

Recommended Literature:
 http://www.lmsc.ethz.ch/Teaching/ipss_2010/advancedProgramming.pdf
 http://jagger.berkeley.edu/~pack/e177/
 http://www.mathworks.cn/programs/downloads/presentations/MasterClassA_AdvancedProgramm
ing.pdf
 28

Course Nr. Module Title

4.13
C++ Introductory Course

Credit Points Lecture 10 h Type of Course Turn Language

Self-Study 90 h
4.0 Preparation for Exam 20 h Practical Course/ Yearly English
Lab

Contents of Module:
 Simple programming tools (editor, compiler, shell)
 Types, variables, operators, combined types
 Flow control
 Pointer, references, dynamic variables
 Classes, methods, attributes, inheritage
 IO
 STL

Learning Objectives:
Programming concepts, competence to write simple programs.

Requirements of Participation/ Required Previous Knowledge:

Basic knowledge of programming in Matlab

Useful Previous Knowledge:

C or Java knowledge

Exam Regulations: yes Exam (written/oral/exercises/report)

Formalities Required: no

Max. Number of Participants: 40

Other Comments: Block Course

Coordinator:
Prof. Dr. J. W. Hesser

Recommended Literature:
 http://wiki.kip.uni-heidelberg.de/ti/Informatik-Vorkurs/index.php/Main_Page
 29

Course Nr. Module Title

7
Shanghai Workshop

Credit Points Workshop 16 h Turn Language

Type of Course
Self-Study 14 h
1.0 Yearly English
Workshop

Contents of Module:
The schedule of the workshop in Shanghai covers one week. Both Shanghai Jiao Tong University and
Mannheim Faculty, University of Heidelberg, provide about 8-hour lectures.
The lectures cover the topics:
 Radiotherapy, Nuclear Medicine:
 Modern Radiation Oncology (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)
 Image Guided Radiotherapy (University of Heidelberg)
 Hyperthermia (University of Heidelberg)
 Biomedical Optics (Shanghai Jiao Tong University)
Additionally, the students join the “Annual Sino-German Radiation Oncology Symposium”.

Learning Objectives:
Inter-institutional interaction on the recent developments and current research activities in
Radiotherapy and Biomedical Optics.

Requirements of Participation/ Required Previous Knowledge:

None

Useful Previous Knowledge:

None

Exam Regulations: presentation / oral exam

Formalities Required: no

Max. Number of Participants: 20

Other Comments: Block Course

Coordinator:
Prof. Dr. F. Wenz, Prof. Dr. J. Bille, Prof. Dr. J. Hesser, Prof. Dr. L. Schad, Prof. Dr. G. Glatting

Recommended Literature:
will be given at the beginning of the workshop.
 30

Module 5. Master Thesis (mandatory)

Course Nr. Module Title

5.0
Master Thesis

Credit Points 4 months (daily) Type of Course Turn

30 Thesis Yearly
(Summer Term)

Contents of Module:
The topic and contents depend on the supervising department.

Learning Objectives:
The students can work independently on a scientific topic, guided by a tutor. They can search and
analyse literature as well as formulate/organize, perform and evaluate an experiment.

Requirements of Participation/ Required Previous Knowledge:

Successful attendance in all modules 1, 2 and specialized modules from 3 (related to the individual
specialization of the student)

Useful Previous Knowledge:

None

Exam Regulations: Written Thesis, colloquium (public oral presentation with discussion), final oral
examination about thesis and whole content of the attended lectures

Formalities Required: no

Max. Number of Participants: 40

Other Comments: Independent scientific work (supervised)

Recommended Literature:
Topic-related.