Praktikum Basis Data

Pertemuan 2 Tabel dan Manipulasi Data

Membuat tabel
Secara umum, syntax untuk membuat tabel adalah sebagai berikut:
CREATE TABLE nama_tbl (
nama_kolom1 tipe_data(length) [NOT NULL|NULL] [DEFAULT nilai_default] [AUTO_INCREMENT] ,
nama_kolom2 tipe_data(length) [NOT NULL|NULL] [DEFAULT nilai_default] [AUTO_INCREMENT] ,
…
);
Contoh membuat tabel
mysql> CREATE DATABASE PRAK2;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.34 sec)

mysql> USE PRAK2;

Database changed

mysql> CREATE TABLE TABLE1(

-> id INT AUTO_INCREMENT,
-> name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
-> salary FLOAT(10,2) DEFAULT 1000000
-> );

mysql> DESCRIBE TABLE1;

+--------+-------------+------+-----+------------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+------------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(30) | NO | | NULL | |
| salary | float(10,2) | YES | | 1000000.00 | |
+--------+-------------+------+-----+------------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Tipe data
Tipe data dalam MySQL terdiri atas beberapa jenis:
• Tipe data teks
Tipe data teks terdiri atas beberapa tipe sebagai berikut:

CHAR( ) A fixed section from 0 to 255 characters long.

VARCHAR( ) A variable section from 0 to 255 characters long.

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TINYTEXT A string with a maximum length of 255 characters.

TEXT A string with a maximum length of 65535 characters.

BLOB A binary string with a maximum length of 65535 bytes.

MEDIUMTEXT A string with a maximum length of 16777215 characters.

MEDIUMBLOB A string with a maximum length of 16777215 bytes.

LONGTEXT A string with a maximum length of 4294967295 characters.

LONGBLOB A string with a maximum length of 4294967295 bytes.

ENUM( value1, value2,...) A string object that can only have one value, chosen from the list
of 'value1', 'value2', … An ENUM can have a maximum of 65535
distinct values

SET (value1, value2, ... ) A string object that can have zero or more values, each of which
must be chosen from the list of values 'value1', 'value2', … SET
values can have a maximum of 64 members.

• Tipe data numerik

Tipe data numerik adalah sebagai berikut:

TINYINT( ) -128 to 127 normal, 0 to 255 UNSIGNED.

SMALLINT( ) -32768 to 32767 normal, 0 to 65535 UNSIGNED.

MEDIUMINT( ) -8388608 to 8388607 normal, 0 to 16777215 UNSIGNED.

INT( ) -2147483648 to 2147483647 normal, 0 to 4294967295 UNSIGNED.

BIGINT( ) -9223372036854775808 to 9223372036854775807 normal, 0 to

18446744073709551615 UNSIGNED.

FLOAT ( M , D) A small number with a floating decimal point.

DOUBLE( M, D) A large number with a floating decimal point.

DECIMAL( M, D) A fixed decimal point.

BIT( ) Bit values (0 or 1)

Tipe data numerik FLOAT, DOUBLE, dan DECIMAL, nilai M menunjukkan jumlah digit keseluruhan,
sedangkan D menunjukkan jumlah digit di belakang koma. Sebagai contoh, jika ada kolom yang
didefinisikan sebagai FLOAT(7,4) maka akan tampak seperti 999.9999.
• Tipe data date

DATE YYYY-MM-DD.

DATETIME YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.

TIMESTAMP YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.

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TIME HH:MM:SS.

Membuat tabel dengan primary key

Primary key adalah nilai yang menjadi pembeda antara satu record data dengan record yang lain.
Membuat tabel dengan primary key ditunjukkan sebagai berikut:
mysql> CREATE TABLE TABLE2(
-> id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
-> name VARCHAR(30)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)

mysql> DESCRIBE TABLE2;

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Pada contoh di atas, kolom 'id' diberikan 'AUTO_INCREMENT', artinya kolom ini akan diberikan nilai
increment secara automatis. Kolom 'id' diset sebagai PRIMARY KEY.
Dalam satu tabel, hanya boleh ada satu kolom yang diberi status 'AUTO_INCREMENT', dan harus menjadi
key. Jika tidak akan muncul pesan error sebagai berikut:
ERROR 1075 (42000): Incorrect table definition; there can be only one auto column and it
must be defined as a key
Membuat tabel dengan primary key juga dapat dilakukan sebagai berikut:
mysql> CREATE TABLE TABLE3(
-> id INT AUTO_INCREMENT,
-> name VARCHAR(30),
-> PRIMARY KEY (id)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.17 sec)
mysql> DESCRIBE TABLE3;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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Memberikan nilai UNIQUE

UNIQUE memberikan batasan bahwa nilai dalam sebuah kolom harus distinct (atau tidak ada data yang
nilainya sama). Error akan terjadi jika kita menambahkan nilai yang sama dengan data yang sudah ada
untuk kolom tersebut.
mysql> CREATE TABLE cars(
-> id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
-> plate VARCHAR (10),
-> brand VARCHAR (10),
-> UNIQUE (plate)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec)

mysql> DESC cars;

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| plate | varchar(10) | YES | UNI | NULL | |
| brand | varchar(10) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO cars VALUES (1, 'AB-1234-CD', 'Toyota');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM cars;

+----+------------+--------+
| id | plate | brand |
+----+------------+--------+
| 1 | AB-1234-CD | Toyota |
+----+------------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO cars VALUES (2, 'AB-1234-CD', 'Suzuki');

ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry 'AB-1234-CD' for key 'plate'

Parameter IF NOT EXISTS

Parameter IF NOT EXISTS digunakan untuk mengecek apakah sebuah tabel dengan nama yang sama
sudah ada atau belum sebelum membuat tabel. Penggunaannya dapat dilihat sebagai berikut:
mysql> SHOW TABLES;
+-----------------+
| Tables_in_PRAK2 |

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+-----------------+
| TABLE1 |
| TABLE2 |
| TABLE3 |
+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS TABLE1(

-> id INT AUTO_INCREMENT,
-> name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
-> salary FLOAT(10,2) DEFAULT 1000000
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS TABLE4(

-> id INT AUTO_INCREMENT,
-> name VARCHAR(30) NOT NULL,
-> salary FLOAT(10,2) DEFAULT 1000000
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.14 sec)
mysql> SHOW TABLES;
+-----------------+
| Tables_in_PRAK2 |
+-----------------+
| TABLE1 |
| TABLE2 |
| TABLE3 |
| TABLE4 |
+-----------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Pada contoh di atas, kita mencoba membuat tabel dengan nama TABEL1 yang sudah ada. Mysql akan
memberikan satu buat warning. Namun ketika, kita membuat tabel yang belum ada, maka tabel
tersebut akan terbentuk.

Menyalin tabel dengan statement SELECT

Kita juga dapat membuat tabel dari tabel lain menggunakan statement SELECT. Caranya ditunjukkan
sebagai berikut.
Pertama, kita membuat terlebih dahulu tabel sumber dengan nama 'employee' seperti sebagai berikut:
mysql> CREATE TABLE employee(
-> id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
-> first_name VARCHAR(15),
-> last_name VARCHAR(15),

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-> start_date DATE,

-> end_date DATE,
-> salary FLOAT(8,2),
-> city VARCHAR(10),
-> description VARCHAR(15)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec)

mysql> DESCRIBE employee;

+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| first_name | varchar(15) | YES | | NULL | |
| last_name | varchar(15) | YES | | NULL | |
| start_date | date | YES | | NULL | |
| end_date | date | YES | | NULL | |
| salary | float(8,2) | YES | | NULL | |
| city | varchar(10) | YES | | NULL | |
| description | varchar(15) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Kemudian kita isikan dengan data ke tabel 'employee' sebagai berikut:

1 Jason Martin 1996-07-25 2006-07-25 1234.56 Toronto Programmer

2 Alison Mathews 1976-03-21 1986-02-21 6661.78 Vancouver Tester

3 James Smith 1978-12-12 1990-03-15 6544.78 Vancouver Tester

4 Celia Rice 1982-10-24 1999-04-21 2344.78 Vancouver Manager

5 Robert Black 1984-01-15 1998-08-08 2334.78 Vancouver Tester

6 Linda Green 1987-07-30 1996-01-04 4322.78 New York Tester

7 David Larry 1990-12-31 1998-02-12 7897.78 New York Manager

8 James Cat 1996-09-17 2002-04-15 1232.78 Vancouver Tester

Pengisian tabel dapat menggunakan statement LOAD DATA INFILE dengan cara membuat file teks,
misalkan bernama 'employee.txt' dan memisahkan kolom dengan tab. Selanjutnya memasukkan file
dapat dilakukan sebagai berikut:
mysql> LOAD DATA INFILE '/app/mysql/employee.txt' INTO TABLE employee FIELDS TERMINATED
BY '\t';
Query OK, 8 rows affected (0.08 sec)

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Records: 8 Deleted: 0 Skipped: 0 Warnings: 0

Selanjutnya, kita mulai menyalin tabel. Pada contoh di bawah, data yang akan disalin ke tabel yang baru
adalah data employee yang mulai bekerja antara 1 Januari 1970 sampai 31 Desember 1990.
mysql> CREATE TABLE employee_copy AS
-> SELECT *
-> FROM employee
-> WHERE start_date BETWEEN '1970-01-01' AND '1990-12-31';
Query OK, 6 rows affected (0.18 sec)
Records: 6 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> SHOW TABLES;

+-----------------+
| Tables_in_PRAK2 |
+-----------------+
| TABLE1 |
| TABLE2 |
| TABLE3 |
| TABLE4 |
| employee |
| employee_copy |
+-----------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM employee_copy;

+----+------------+-----------+------------+------------+---------+-----------
+-------------+
| id | first_name | last_name | start_date | end_date | salary | city |
description |
+----+------------+-----------+------------+------------+---------+-----------
+-------------+
| 2 | Alison | Mathews | 1976-03-21 | 1986-02-21 | 6661.78 | Vancouver | Tester
|
| 3 | James | Smith | 1978-12-12 | 1990-03-15 | 6544.78 | Vancouver | Tester
|
| 4 | Celia | Rice | 1982-10-24 | 1999-04-21 | 2344.78 | Vancouver | Manager
|
| 5 | Robert | Black | 1984-01-15 | 1998-08-08 | 2334.78 | Vancouver | Tester
|
| 6 | Linda | Green | 1987-07-30 | 1996-01-04 | 4322.78 | New York | Tester
|
| 7 | David | Larry | 1990-12-31 | 1998-02-12 | 7897.78 | New York | Manager
|
+----+------------+-----------+------------+------------+---------+-----------
+-------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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Membuat temporary tabel

Temporary tabel adalah tabel yang visible atau terlihat hanya pada koneksi yang sedang aktif dan akan
langsung dihapus ketika koneksi sudah terputus.
mysql> CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE TEMPTBL(
-> id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
-> name VARCHAR(30)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)

mysql> SHOW TABLES;

+-----------------+
| Tables_in_PRAK2 |
+-----------------+
| TABLE1 |
| TABLE2 |
| TABLE3 |
| TABLE4 |
+-----------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM TEMPTBL;

Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> \q
Bye

mysql -h localhost -u root -p

Enter password:
mysql> USE PRAK2
Database changed

mysql> SELECT * FROM TEMPTBL;

ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'PRAK2.TEMPTBL' doesn't exist

Membuat tabel dengan foreign key

MySQL memiliki beberapa engine database. Salah satunya adalah engine InnoDB yang memiliki
dukungan terhadap ACID. Pembuatan tabel menggunakan engine InnoDB dapat membantu
memberikan referential integrity.
Berikut adalah contoh membuat tabel yang memiliki foreign key dengan engine InnoDB:
mysql> CREATE TABLE models (
-> modelid smallint not null auto_increment,

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-> name varchar(40) not null,

-> primary key (modelid)
-> )
-> engine=InnoDB;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)

mysql> desc models;

+---------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+---------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| modelid | smallint(5) unsigned | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(40) | NO | | NULL | |
+---------+----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> CREATE TABLE orders (

-> id SMALLINT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
-> modelid SMALLINT NOT NULL,
-> description VARCHAR(40),
-> FOREIGN KEY (modelid) REFERENCES models (modelid) ON UPDATE CASCADE ON DELETE
CASCADE
-> ) engine=InnoDB;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.18 sec)

mysql> desc orders;

+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | smallint(6) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| modelid | smallint(6) | NO | MUL | NULL | |
| description | varchar(40) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Pada perintah sql di atas, kita membuat dua buah tabel dengan nama models dan orders. Tabel orders
memiliki foreign key modelid yang bereferensi dengan primary key tabel models, yaitu modelid.
mysql> INSERT INTO models VALUES (1, 'testsatu');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM models;

+---------+----------+
| modelid | name |
+---------+----------+
| 1 | testsatu |

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 Praktikum Basis Data

+---------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into orders value (1, 1, 'deskripsisatu');

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)

mysql> select * from orders;

+----+---------+---------------+
| id | modelid | description |
+----+---------+---------------+
| 1 | 1 | deskripsisatu |
+----+---------+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
Pada perintah sql di atas, kita memasukkan data ke tabel models dan orders. Data yang dimasukkan
pada tabel orders memiliki referensi terhadap primary key pada tabel models, yaitu modelid yang
nilainya adalah 1.
mysql> DELETE FROM models WHERE modelid = 1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM models;

Empty set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from orders;

Empty set (0.00 sec)
Pada perintah sql di atas, kita menghapus data di tabel models yang memiliki modelid = 1. Secara
automatis, data pada tabel orders yang memiliki modelid = 1 juga ikut terhapus untuk memastikan
referential integrity.

Memodifikasi tabel dengan ALTER TABLE

Tabel yang telah dibuat dapat dimodifikasi menggunakan command ALTER TABLE. Bentuk command
untuk ALTER TABLE adalah:
ALTER [IGNORE] TABLE table_name specification [,specification]
dengan specification sebagai berikut:
ADD [COLUMN] column name (column definitions) [FIRST or AFTER column_name]
ADD INDEX [index_name] (column_list)
ADD PRIMARY KEY (column_list)
ADD UNIQUE [index_name] (column_list)
ALTER [COLUMN] column_name {SET DEFAULT default_value or DROP DEFAULT}
CHANGE [COLUMN] old_col_name create_definition
DROP [COLUMN] col_name
DROP PRIMARY KEY
DROP INDEX index_name
MODIFY [COLUMN] create_definition

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RENAME [AS] new_tbl_name

Menambah kolom pada tabel

mysql> CREATE TABLE TABLE5(
-> id int
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec)

mysql> desc TABLE5;

+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+---------+------+-----+---------+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> ALTER TABLE TABLE5

-> ADD name VARCHAR(5);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.24 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> desc TABLE5;

+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(5) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> ALTER TABLE TABLE5

-> ADD first_name VARCHAR(30) AFTER id;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.84 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> desc TABLE5;

+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| first_name | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(5) | YES | | NULL | |

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+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Memodifikasi nama dan definisi tabel

mysql> ALTER TABLE TABLE5
-> CHANGE name last_name VARCHAR(30);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.60 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> desc TABLE5;

+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| first_name | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | |
| last_name | varchar(30) | YES | | NULL | |
+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Memodifikasi definisi tabel

mysql> ALTER TABLE TABLE5
-> MODIFY first_name VARCHAR(15),
-> MODIFY last_name VARCHAR(15);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.24 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> desc TABLE5;+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| first_name | varchar(15) | YES | | NULL | |
| last_name | varchar(15) | YES | | NULL | |
+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Menambahkan primary key

mysql> ALTER TABLE TABLE5 ADD PRIMARY KEY (id);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.58 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> desc TABLE5;

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+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | 0 | |
| first_name | varchar(15) | YES | | NULL | |
| last_name | varchar(15) | YES | | NULL | |
+------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Menghapus kolom
mysql> ALTER TABLE TABLE5 DROP first_name;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.55 sec)
Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> DESC TABLE5;

+-----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | 0 | |
| last_name | varchar(15) | YES | | NULL | |
+-----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

Mengganti nama tabel

Mengganti nama tabel yang sudah dibuat dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan perintah ALTER TABLE
… RENAME. Berikut adalah contoh penggunaannya:
mysql> SHOW TABLES;
+-----------------+
| Tables_in_PRAK2 |
+-----------------+
| TABLE1 |
| TABLE2 |
| TABLE3 |
| TABLE4 |
| employee |
| employee_copy |
+-----------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> ALTER TABLE employee_copy RENAME senior_employee;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

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mysql> SHOW TABLES;

+-----------------+
| Tables_in_PRAK2 |
+-----------------+
| TABLE1 |
| TABLE2 |
| TABLE3 |
| TABLE4 |
| employee |
| senior_employee |
+-----------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Menghapus semua data dalam tabel

Untuk menghapus semua data di dalam tabel digunakan command TRUNCATE sebagai berikut:
mysql> CREATE TABLE employee_copy AS
-> SELECT * FROM employee;
Query OK, 8 rows affected (0.16 sec)
Records: 8 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> SELECT * FROM employee_copy;

+----+------------+-----------+------------+------------+---------+-----------
+-------------+
| id | first_name | last_name | start_date | end_date | salary | city |
description |
+----+------------+-----------+------------+------------+---------+-----------
+-------------+
| 1 | Jason | Martin | 1996-07-25 | 2006-07-25 | 1234.56 | Toronto |
Programmer |
| 2 | Alison | Mathews | 1976-03-21 | 1986-02-21 | 6661.78 | Vancouver | Tester
|
| 3 | James | Smith | 1978-12-12 | 1990-03-15 | 6544.78 | Vancouver | Tester
|
| 4 | Celia | Rice | 1982-10-24 | 1999-04-21 | 2344.78 | Vancouver | Manager
|
| 5 | Robert | Black | 1984-01-15 | 1998-08-08 | 2334.78 | Vancouver | Tester
|
| 6 | Linda | Green | 1987-07-30 | 1996-01-04 | 4322.78 | New York | Tester
|
| 7 | David | Larry | 1990-12-31 | 1998-02-12 | 7897.78 | New York | Manager
|
| 8 | James | Cat | 1996-09-17 | 2002-04-15 | 1232.78 | Vancouver | Tester
|

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+----+------------+-----------+------------+------------+---------+-----------
+-------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> TRUNCATE TABLE employee_copy;

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM employee_copy;

Empty set (0.00 sec)

Menghapus Tabel
Untuk menghapus tabel dari database, digunakan command DROP TABLE.
mysql> DROP TABLE employee_copy;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec)

mysql> SHOW TABLES;

+-----------------+
| Tables_in_PRAK2 |
+-----------------+
| TABLE1 |
| TABLE2 |
| TABLE3 |
| TABLE4 |
| TABLE5 |
| employee |
| senior_employee |
+-----------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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Memasukkan data dengan INSERT

Memasukkan data ke dalam tabel dilakukan menggunakan command INSERT. Bentuk command INSERT
dasar adalah sebagai berikut:
INSERT INTO <table_name>
VALUES (
value1,
value2,
etc......
);
Bentuk INSERT di atas bisa digunakan ketika jumlah value sudah sama dengan jumlah kolom yang akan
diberikan data.
mysql> DESC employee;
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| first_name | varchar(15) | YES | | NULL | |
| last_name | varchar(15) | YES | | NULL | |
| start_date | date | YES | | NULL | |
| end_date | date | YES | | NULL | |
| salary | float(8,2) | YES | | NULL | |
| city | varchar(10) | YES | | NULL | |
| description | varchar(15) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE VALUES (

-> 9,
-> 'James',
-> 'Bond',
-> '1982-04-21',
-> '2002-09-23',
-> 1234.56,
-> 'London',
-> 'Spy'
-> );
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)
Tabel employee memiliki 8 kolom. Kita memasukkan 8 nilai menggunakan command INSERT. Satu buah
nilai diisi ke kolom sesuai dengan urutan penulisan nilai.
Selain menggunakan INSERT seperti di atas, kita juga dapat menggunakan command INSERT sebagai
berikut:

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 Praktikum Basis Data

mysql> INSERT INTO employee

-> (first_name, last_name, start_date, end_date, salary, city, description)
-> VALUES
-> ('Hercule',
-> 'Poirot',
-> '1973-05-23',
-> '2001-08-09',
-> 4312.98,
-> 'Brussels',
-> 'Detective'
-> );
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM employee;

+----+------------+-----------+------------+------------+---------+-----------
+-------------+
| id | first_name | last_name | start_date | end_date | salary | city |
description |
+----+------------+-----------+------------+------------+---------+-----------
+-------------+
| 1 | Jason | Martin | 1996-07-25 | 2006-07-25 | 1234.56 | Toronto |
Programmer |
| 2 | Alison | Mathews | 1976-03-21 | 1986-02-21 | 6661.78 | Vancouver | Tester
|
| 3 | James | Smith | 1978-12-12 | 1990-03-15 | 6544.78 | Vancouver | Tester
|
| 4 | Celia | Rice | 1982-10-24 | 1999-04-21 | 2344.78 | Vancouver | Manager
|
| 5 | Robert | Black | 1984-01-15 | 1998-08-08 | 2334.78 | Vancouver | Tester
|
| 6 | Linda | Green | 1987-07-30 | 1996-01-04 | 4322.78 | New York | Tester
|
| 7 | David | Larry | 1990-12-31 | 1998-02-12 | 7897.78 | New York | Manager
|
| 8 | James | Cat | 1996-09-17 | 2002-04-15 | 1232.78 | Vancouver | Tester
|
| 9 | James | Bond | 1982-04-21 | 2002-09-23 | 1234.56 | London | Spy
|
| 10 | Hercule | Poirot | 1973-05-23 | 2001-08-09 | 4312.98 | Brussels | Detective
|
+----+------------+-----------+------------+------------+---------+-----------
+-------------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Menggunakan command INSERT di atas, kita memberikan spesifikasi kolom mana saja yang akan kita isi.
Kolom yang tidak kita isi (dalam contoh ini adalah 'id') secara automatis akan diisi dengan nilai DEFAULT
yang telah dispesifikasikan saat pembuatan tabel. Kolom 'id' kita spesifikasikan AUTO_INCREMENT

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 Praktikum Basis Data

sehingga kolom tersebut akan diisi dengan increment dari nilai sebelumnya.

Memasukkan lebih dari satu baris dalam satu INSERT

Memasukkan lebih dari satu baris dapat dilakukan menggunakan satu buah command INSERT. Hal ini
dilakukan dengan memisahkan input tiap baris dengan koma (','). Berikut adalah contohnya:
mysql> INSERT INTO employee (first_name, last_name, start_date, end_date, salary, city,
description) VALUES
-> ('Lincoln', 'Rhyme', '1999-05-25', '2011-07-13', 3212.98, 'New York',
'Forensics' ),
-> ('Sherlock','Holmes', '1923-08-12','1945-07-21',4123.21, 'London', 'Detective' ) ;
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.35 sec)
Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> SELECT * FROM employee;

+----+------------+-----------+------------+------------+---------+-----------
+-------------+
| id | first_name | last_name | start_date | end_date | salary | city |
description |
+----+------------+-----------+------------+------------+---------+-----------
+-------------+
| 1 | Jason | Martin | 1996-07-25 | 2006-07-25 | 1234.56 | Toronto |
Programmer |
| 2 | Alison | Mathews | 1976-03-21 | 1986-02-21 | 6661.78 | Vancouver | Tester
|
| 3 | James | Smith | 1978-12-12 | 1990-03-15 | 6544.78 | Vancouver | Tester
|
| 4 | Celia | Rice | 1982-10-24 | 1999-04-21 | 2344.78 | Vancouver | Manager
|
| 5 | Robert | Black | 1984-01-15 | 1998-08-08 | 2334.78 | Vancouver | Tester
|
| 6 | Linda | Green | 1987-07-30 | 1996-01-04 | 4322.78 | New York | Tester
|
| 7 | David | Larry | 1990-12-31 | 1998-02-12 | 7897.78 | New York | Manager
|
| 8 | James | Cat | 1996-09-17 | 2002-04-15 | 1232.78 | Vancouver | Tester
|
| 9 | James | Bond | 1982-04-21 | 2002-09-23 | 1234.56 | London | Spy
|
| 10 | Hercule | Poirot | 1973-05-23 | 2001-08-09 | 4312.98 | Brussels | Detective
|
| 11 | Lincoln | Rhyme | 1999-05-25 | 2011-07-13 | 3212.98 | New York | Forensics
|
| 12 | Sherlock | Holmes | 1923-08-12 | 1945-07-21 | 4123.21 | London | Detective
|
+----+------------+-----------+------------+------------+---------+-----------
+-------------+

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12 rows in set (0.00 sec)

INSERT menggunakan data dari tabel lain

Kita juga dapat memasukkan data dari tabel yang lain menggunakan command INSERT … INTO …
SELECT.
mysql> CREATE TABLE employee2 (
-> id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
-> name VARCHAR(15),
-> city VARCHAR(20)
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.16 sec)

mysql> DESC employee2;

+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(15) | YES | | NULL | |
| city | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> INSERT INTO employee2

-> (id, name, city)
-> SELECT id, CONCAT(first_name,' ',last_name), city
-> FROM employee;
Query OK, 12 rows affected (0.05 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM employee2;

+----+-----------------+-----------+
| id | name | city |
+----+-----------------+-----------+
| 1 | Jason Martin | Toronto |
| 2 | Alison Mathews | Vancouver |
| 3 | James Smith | Vancouver |
| 4 | Celia Rice | Vancouver |
| 5 | Robert Black | Vancouver |
| 6 | Linda Green | New York |
| 7 | David Larry | New York |
| 8 | James Cat | Vancouver |
| 9 | James Bond | London |
| 10 | Hercule Poirot | Brussels |

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 Praktikum Basis Data

| 11 | Lincoln Rhyme | New York |

| 12 | Sherlock Holmes | London |
+----+-----------------+-----------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Pada command di atas, kita hanya memilih id, nama, dan kota dari tabel employee untuk dimasukkan ke
dalam tabel employee2.

Mengubah data menggunakan UPDATE

Data yang telah kita masukkan ke dalam tabel dapat kita ubah menggunakan command UPDATE.
Bentuk umum command UPDATE adalah sebagai berikut:
UPDATE <table_name>
SET <column_name> = 'new_value'
WHERE (<column_name> = 'some_value');
Berikut adalah contoh menggunakan UPDATE:
mysql> UPDATE employee2
-> SET city = 'Ottawa'
-> WHERE city = 'Vancouver';
Query OK, 5 rows affected (0.08 sec)
Rows matched: 5 Changed: 5 Warnings: 0

mysql> SELECT * FROM employee2;

+----+-----------------+----------+
| id | name | city |
+----+-----------------+----------+
| 1 | Jason Martin | Toronto |
| 2 | Alison Mathews | Ottawa |
| 3 | James Smith | Ottawa |
| 4 | Celia Rice | Ottawa |
| 5 | Robert Black | Ottawa |
| 6 | Linda Green | New York |
| 7 | David Larry | New York |
| 8 | James Cat | Ottawa |
| 9 | James Bond | London |
| 10 | Hercule Poirot | Brussels |
| 11 | Lincoln Rhyme | New York |
| 12 | Sherlock Holmes | London |
+----+-----------------+----------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Mengubah nilai berdasarkan nilai yang dimiliki sekarang

mysql> SELECT salary FROM employee;

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+---------+
| salary |
+---------+
| 1234.56 |
| 6661.78 |
| 6544.78 |
| 2344.78 |
| 2334.78 |
| 4322.78 |
| 7897.78 |
| 1232.78 |
| 1234.56 |
| 4312.98 |
| 3212.98 |
| 4123.21 |
+---------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> UPDATE employee SET salary = salary + 1;

Query OK, 12 rows affected (0.06 sec)
Rows matched: 12 Changed: 12 Warnings: 0

mysql> SELECT salary FROM employee;

+---------+
| salary |
+---------+
| 1235.56 |
| 6662.78 |
| 6545.78 |
| 2345.78 |
| 2335.78 |
| 4323.78 |
| 7898.78 |
| 1233.78 |
| 1235.56 |
| 4313.98 |
| 3213.98 |
| 4124.21 |
+---------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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Mengganti data dari tabel

Data yang kita sudah masukkan dalam tabel dapat kita ganti dengan menggunakan command REPLACE.
Format penggunaan command REPLACE sama dengan INSERT, namun ia menggantikan data yang
memiliki nilai sama di indeks PRIMARY KEY atau UNIQUE.
mysql> SELECT * FROM employee2;
+----+-----------------+----------+
| id | name | city |
+----+-----------------+----------+
| 1 | Jason Martin | Toronto |
| 2 | Alison Mathews | Ottawa |
| 3 | James Smith | Ottawa |
| 4 | Celia Rice | Ottawa |
| 5 | Robert Black | Ottawa |
| 8 | James Cat | Ottawa |
| 9 | James Bond | London |
| 10 | Hercule Poirot | Brussels |
| 12 | Sherlock Holmes | London |
+----+-----------------+----------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> REPLACE INTO employee2 (id,name, city) VALUES (12,'Sherlock Holmes','Manchester');

Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.05 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM employee2;

+----+-----------------+------------+
| id | name | city |
+----+-----------------+------------+
| 1 | Jason Martin | Toronto |
| 2 | Alison Mathews | Ottawa |
| 3 | James Smith | Ottawa |
| 4 | Celia Rice | Ottawa |
| 5 | Robert Black | Ottawa |
| 8 | James Cat | Ottawa |
| 9 | James Bond | London |
| 10 | Hercule Poirot | Brussels |
| 12 | Sherlock Holmes | Manchester |
+----+-----------------+------------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Menghapus data dari tabel

Menghapus data tertentu dari sebuah tabel dalam database dapat dilakukan menggunakan command

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DELETE. Berikut adalah bentuk dasar dari command DELETE:

DELETE FROM <table_name>
WHERE (<column_name> = 'some_value');
Berikut adalah contoh menghapus data menggunakan DELETE:
mysql> SELECT * FROM employee2;
+----+-----------------+----------+
| id | name | city |
+----+-----------------+----------+
| 1 | Jason Martin | Toronto |
| 2 | Alison Mathews | Ottawa |
| 3 | James Smith | Ottawa |
| 4 | Celia Rice | Ottawa |
| 5 | Robert Black | Ottawa |
| 6 | Linda Green | New York |
| 7 | David Larry | New York |
| 8 | James Cat | Ottawa |
| 9 | James Bond | London |
| 10 | Hercule Poirot | Brussels |
| 11 | Lincoln Rhyme | New York |
| 12 | Sherlock Holmes | London |
+----+-----------------+----------+
12 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> DELETE FROM employee2 WHERE city = 'New York';

Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.39 sec)

mysql> SELECT * FROM employee2;

+----+-----------------+----------+
| id | name | city |
+----+-----------------+----------+
| 1 | Jason Martin | Toronto |
| 2 | Alison Mathews | Ottawa |
| 3 | James Smith | Ottawa |
| 4 | Celia Rice | Ottawa |
| 5 | Robert Black | Ottawa |
| 8 | James Cat | Ottawa |
| 9 | James Bond | London |
| 10 | Hercule Poirot | Brussels |
| 12 | Sherlock Holmes | London |
+----+-----------------+----------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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