Answer Keys

Part 1

1 A— represents. Verb ‘equals’ would need a ‘to’ preposition following it to fit. Other
verbs do not fit here.
2 D— switching. The meaning of the gerund here is ‘moving or changing to’.
3 D— consumption. The meaning of the phrase is that the usage of ink will be reduced.
‘Consumption’ is a more formal word for ‘usage’.
4 B— basis. A synonymous phrase would be ‘working on that principle or starting point’.
The idea is to apply same concept of using a different typeface at a larger scale, not just in
one school.
5 C — Interestingly. It is interesting that the question had been brought up before but
nothing was done.
6 A— issue. An issue here is used in the meaning of ‘unresolved matter or problem’.
7 D — influences. Affects or governs.
8 B— retained. A rather difficult choice; to retain means ‘to hold intact, to secure, to keep’.

Part 2

9 why. The author is clearly puzzled by the situation he finds himself in or doubts his
motives of doing that.
10 but/except/besides. A paddle is the only thing the author has in his hands.
11 like. A comparison between two activities is made: paddle-boarding and canoeing.
12 does. Teacher’s reassurance has no effect on the narrator. It does nothing to him.
13 my. No article is needed here as ‘balance’ is an abstract noun
14 on. ‘On the move’ means ‘in a state of moving, in motion’.
15 despite. A negative preposition is needed to show contrast between the author’s action
and its result
16 otherwise. Not rowing on both sides results in going in circles.

Part 3

17 endurance. Endurance is one’s ability to withstand (stand up against, to resist)

difficulties.
18 doubtless/undoubtedly. Context suggest a negative form, which can be achieved by
either a prefix or a suffix.
19 tolerant. The sentence that follows the gap helps us understand that the adjective
required is a positive one: ‘We accept without question…’.
20 massive. Massive or very big, huge.
 21 usefulness. Not to be confused with ‘usage’, which is the way we use something;
usefulness is how handy (useful) something is.
22 accessible. Make sure to use the right suffix -ible, not -able.
23 anxieties. An anxiety is a state of nervousness and uneasiness, usually about something
that is going to happen soon.
24 hopefully. The author shows desire for math to become more popular among people.

Part 4

25 to include/mention/use any of
26 was sorry (that) he could not
27 lost sight of
28 no matter how hard
29 comes across to his boss as
30 made no reference to; didn’t/did not make (any/a) reference to

Part 5

31 C. The answer can be found in the middle of Paragraph One: ‘In it she sounds
suspiciously like a copywriter from her father’s media team.’. This suggests that the
executive’s daughter has nothing to do with, but instead at attempt to make the change more
‘human’.
32 C. ‘To set aside’ means to disregard or ignore; not to consider something
33 D. In Paragraph Two a comparison between two companies is made to show how
different they are and to hint at the possibility of a particular approach working for a smaller
company is likely to fail if applied to a bigger one.
34 B. Answer A is mentioned, but only as a supporting point to the main argument. Answers
C and D are not mentioned. From second sentence onwards, the author brings up a number
of points that show how many factors are to be considered when taking a leave, and how
they add up to make going on leave nearly impossible.
35 B. First three sentences of Paragraph Four illustrate a number of situations when office
workers can affect each other’s performance, choice and behaviour. Answer C is mentioned
but in a different form and as a minor form to support the main argument. Answers A and D
are not mentioned.
36 C. The key notion of the paragraph is in the second half, starting with the sentence
‘However, a potentially problematic corollary…’. The author then shows how the
conventional application of work and rest policy proves to be more effective and how
important periods of leisure are for the employees’ well-being. Other answers can be
connected with the minor details in the first part of the paragraph, the purpose of which is to
introduce the main argument in the second part.

Part 6
 37 D. In both paragraphs its respective authors mention Fernyhough combining scientific
findings with his own experience in the matter. Paragraph B: ‘Fernyhough sees the
emerging science of memory through the lens of his own recollections’; Paragraph D: ‘He
mixes the latest findings in neuroscience with in-depth case histories. Nor is Fernyhough
uncomfortable using personal testimony to put warm flesh on hard science: sizeable sections
of the book are taken up with him exploring his own past.’
38 D. All other reviewers are fond of the writer’s style. However, Reviewer D holds an
opposite view. Second half of the paragraph: ‘This weariness is reflected in his writing
style.’.
39 A. Last paragraph of Reviewer C text has a positive opinion of the author’s ability to mix
literature and science. Reviewer A concurs in the second half of their text: ‘… sophisticated
and engaging blend of findings from science, ideas from literature’.
40 C. Reviewer D doesn’t feel that the author’s narration of personal experience benefits the
book: ‘… sizeable sections of the book are taken up with him exploring his own past. These
do not add greatly to the book…’. Reviewer C holds the same opinion: ‘… these
autobiographical passages are the least successful of Pieces of Light…’.

Part 7

41 C. ‘These endeavors’ refers to the plans to renovate the dinosaur hall. The rest of the
paragraph continues the subject started in the previous sentence – the planned restoration of
that particular museum area.
42 G. Is it easier to pick the right paragraph if we look at the next one after the gap.
Paragraph G talks about multiple Allosaurus in different museum, then the following
paragraph points out how Smithsonian’s Allosaurus is a special one.
43 D. The preceding paragraph mentions plans to disassemble the skeleton, then Paragraph
D brings up the point of making the skeleton smaller and gives detailed explanation why
and how they plan to achieve that.
44 F. ‘Mistake’ is the keyword here. The mistake that is mentioned in Paragraph F is the
length of the dinosaur’s tail, which consist of too many bone segments. Same sentence
continues with idea of finding out the dinosaur’s age, which is then continued in the
paragraph that follows.
45 A. Another keyword in the gapped paragraph is ‘injury’. Then the paragraph below the
topic of damages is expanded upon: ‘ … an apparent blow to the Allosaurus’s left side. ‘The
shoulder blade looks like it has healed improperly,’ he explains.’.
46 E. The word ‘suspicion’ in the last paragraph helps us to pick Paragraph E which focuses
on a confusion between two species.

Part 8

47 C. In the second sentence a comparison between book and films or movies is made, with
the former giving a certain degree of control of how we see things presented to us.
48 B. Giving examples of Tolstoy, Proust and Hardy, the author admits to having
incomplete knowledge of the matter.
49 D. Middle of the paragraph quotes a well-known writer, who warns people against not
reading as it leads to poor imagination and narrower outlook on life.
50 C. The author uses the word ‘assessors’, or those who evaluate the quality of (in this
case) works of literature. Their perception of quality changes with the time period they come
from.
51 A. The word ‘escapism’ is used to justify picking a generic novel over an acclaimed
masterpiece at the beginning of this paragraph.
52 B. Second half of Paragraph B goes: ‘A work of fiction can always be fine-tuned …’.
53 D. First two sentences of Paragraph D bring claim there is nothing bad about preferring a
certain genre or author at any given period of a person’s life.
54 B. Second sentence dismisses the notion of you having to put yourself under pressure to
finish ‘a classic’.
55 C. The author of this paragraph shares Albert Camus’ opinion on why literature and
reading are so appealing.
56 B. Last sentence of the paragraph claims ‘trashy romances’ to be of less value that one
work of classics, defending their opinion by ‘I’m going to go ahead and say it’s so anyway’.