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2.2 Notes GeomAdv 20-21 JH PDF

This document discusses inductive and deductive reasoning. It provides examples of each, including making conjectures based on observations (inductive) versus deriving logical conclusions from known facts/properties (deductive). The document also covers counterexamples, laws of logic like detachment and syllogism, and example problems applying these concepts.

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Barry Hinton
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152 views2 pages

2.2 Notes GeomAdv 20-21 JH PDF

This document discusses inductive and deductive reasoning. It provides examples of each, including making conjectures based on observations (inductive) versus deriving logical conclusions from known facts/properties (deductive). The document also covers counterexamples, laws of logic like detachment and syllogism, and example problems applying these concepts.

Uploaded by

Barry Hinton
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Geometry 2.

2 Inductive & Deductive Reasoning Mathematician: ___________________


Notes Date: __________ Period: ___
Inductive vs. Deductive Reasoning
 Conjecture is an __________________________________ that is base on observations.

 Inductive Reasoning is finding a ________________  Deductive Reasoning is when you use facts,
in a specifc case or example and then writing a ___________________ , accepted properties and the
___________________ for the general case. laws of ___________ to form a
Ex 1: What might the next row of numbers look like? _______________________.
Ex 2: What is the 𝑚∠2 if ∠1 ≅ ∠2 ≅ ∠3?

Ex 3: Decide whether the following is deductive or inductive reasoning:

a) Tim is Veronica’s cousin. Since David is Veronica’s twin brother, Tim is also David’s cousin.

b) The school librarian notices that many students are requesting books about different countries in Africa. The
librarian concludes that one of the social studies classes must be studying about Africa.

 Counterexample is a ___________________________ for which the conjecture is __________________.

Ex 4: Give a counterexample for the conjecture in example 1:

 To show that a conjecture is true then you must show that it is true for _________________________________.

 To show that a conjecture is false then all you need is just one _________________________________.

Ex 5: A student makes the following conjecture about the sum of two numbers.
Conjecture: The sum of two numbers is always more than the greater number.
Is it true?
Laws of Logic

 Law of Detachment: A conditional statement is true. ( 𝑝 → 𝑞 )


If the hypothesis it true ( 𝑝 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 )… then by the law of detachment, the conclusion is also true ( 𝑞 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 ).
 Example: If ∠1 ≅ ∠2 ≅ ∠3 in the diagram for example 2, then 𝑚∠1 = 60° .

 Law of Syllogism: Both of these conditional statements are true. ( 𝑝 → 𝑞 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑞 → 𝑟 ).


If the hypothesis 𝑝 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 … then by the law of detachment, the conclusion 𝑞 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒. AND…
If the hypothesis 𝑞 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 … then by the law of detachment, the conclusion 𝑟 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒.
Then, by the law of syllogism , the conditional statement:
“ If the hypothesis 𝑝 is true, then the conclusion 𝑟" 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒. ( 𝑝 → 𝑟 )

(𝑰𝒇 𝒑 → 𝒒 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒒 → 𝒓 𝒂𝒓𝒆 𝒃𝒐𝒕𝒉 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒆, 𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒏 𝒑 → 𝒓 𝒊𝒔 𝒂𝒍𝒔𝒐 𝒕𝒓𝒖𝒆).

 Example: If you are in this class, then you have Ms. H as a teacher. If you have Ms. H as a teacher, then
you attend AHS. By the law of syllogism: If you are in this class, then you attend AHS.

Ex 6: What can you conclude from each set of statements? Hint: Map out the logic first with p’s and q’s.
Which law above applies?

a) If a triangle has equal side lengths, then each interior angle measure is 60°. (True)
We are told that ∆ABC has equal side lengths. What can we conclude if anything?
Law of detachment, syllogism or neither?

b) If it does not rain, then I will walk to school. (True) If I walk to school, then I will wear my walking shoes. (True)
We are told that it does not rain. What can we conclude if anything?
Law of detachment, syllogism or neither?

c) If you are an Acalanes student, then you are in high school. (True)
We are told that you are in high school. . What can we conclude if anything?
Law of detachment, syllogism or neither?

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