MODULE #2

MECHANICAL
BASICS COMPRESSORS

DYNAMIC DISPLACEMENT COMPRESSORS

COMPRESSORS
SECOND SLIDE (2 OF 2)

ROTARY RECIPROCATING

In Which Compression And Displacement Is Effected By The Positive Action Of Rotating 1- In Which The Air Is Compressed By A Piston Moving In A Reciprocating Manner Within A Cylinder.
Elements; Gas Trapped Between Elements Is Compressed And Displaced 2- The Cylinder Is Equipped With Intake And Discharge Valves To Control The Flow Of Air Entering And
Leaving. This Type Of Compressor Is Used In A Wide Variety Of Applications ,It Is Suitable For All
Ranges Of Pressure.
SLIDING VANE SCREW LOBE 3- High Speed Units (800 - 1800 Rpm) -Low Speed Units (300 - 600 Rpm)

1-Consists Of Two Intermeshing Rotors, Machined In The Form Of An 1- Has Two Rotors, Revolving In Opposite Directions Within A
1- Consists Of A Cylindrical Rotor In Which Flat, Sliding Vanes Fit Into Radial Slots.
Axial Screw And Enclosed In A Close-fitting Casing. Casing.
2-The Male Rotor Has Four Convex Lobes And The Female Rotor Has 2- one Rotor Is Driven Directly By The Driver And The Other Is
2-As The Rotor Turns, The Sliding Vanes Move Out Against The Casing Wall Due
Six Concave Flutes. The Rotors Do Not Come In Contact With Each Driven Through The Timing Gears.
To Centrifugal Force. Pockets Of Gas Are Trapped Between The Vanes And The
Other Or With The Casing, Thus Internal Lubrication Is Not Required. 3- A Pocket Of Air Is Trapped Between The Lobe And The Casing
Wall. Due To The Eccentricity, These Pockets Decrease In Volume, Thus
3-The Male Rotor Is Usually The Driven One And, In Turn, Drives The Wall. It Is Then Carried Around To The Discharge On The
Compressing The Gas.
Female Rotor By Means Of Timing Gears. Opposite Side Of The Casing.
Air crosshead Crank Pin Main Connecting Distance Piston
Valve Packing Rod
AIR SEALS BEARINGS
Bearing Piece
FEMALE ROTOR
TIMING GEARS BEARINGS
DRIVEN GEAR Piston rings valve

Rotary vane cylinder:

1. Air inlet Air
2. Regulation piston Packing Easily removable
3. Eccentric cylinder area cylinder head has
4. Sliding blades simple gasket seal
5. Longitudinal groove
6. Rotor 1- Has Two Rotors, Revolving In Opposite Directions Within A Casing.
7. Max. compression 2-one Rotor Is Driven Directly By The Driver And The Other Is Driven
8. Air outlet BALANCE PISTON OIL SEALS MALE ROTOR WATER JACKET
9. Intensive oil injection Through The Timing Gears.
3- A Pocket Of Air Is Trapped Between The Lobe And The Casing
Wall.Cylinder
It Is Then Carried
barrel, Around To The Discharge On The Opposite
head and
ADVANTAGES air Casing.
passages cylinder Rider ring
Side Of The
1- Good In Vacuum Service 2-no Pulsating Flow Are thoroughly water
3- Less Space jacketed for cooling
4- Inexpensive For Low Hp Vapor Recovery Or Vacuum Service

DISADVANTAGES
Cross Heads Of Large
1-Must Have Clean Air Or Gas ADVANTAGES Compressors Are Usually Process 1-2
2-Takes 5 To 20 % More Horsepower Than Reciprocating NOTE Two
lobes Provided With Crosshead Compression
3-Uses Ten Times The Oil Of Reciprocating. Usually Install After-cooler And Separator To 1-Compactness, This Illustration For ATLAS
Recycle Oil Shoes To Be Replaced Process 2-3
2- Vibration Free Operation, COPCO Air Compressor
When Become Worn Out Discharge
THIS COMPRESSOR DESIGN IS LIMITED FOR THE FOLLOWING REASONS:
3-Smooth Flow, (MODEL ZR630)
Three Instead Of Replacing The Process 3-4
4-Oil-free Air, And SEGAS Air Compressor (56-
lobes Crossheads. Clearance
5-No Suction Or Discharge MJ01-A/B)
1- Pressures that can be obtained are limited by the strength of the vanes. Volume
Valves Are Required.
2- There is no valving. As the vanes slide by the inlet port, they trap gas and Expansion
ADVANTAGES
compress it; when they pass the discharge port, they discharge it. Therefore, this Process 4-1
type of compressor can operate at only a predesigned discharge pressure. *The Rotary Screw Compressor Is Suitable For Compressed Air 1- Compact. Suction
3- The third major factor is leakage losses. As the pressure ratio increases, the Requirements Involving A Large Capacity Of Air At Low Pressure Or A 2- Require No Inlet Or Discharge Valves
leakage losses increase. The leakage results because of the difficulty in Small Capacity, At High Pressure. 3- And Produce An Even Flow Of Oil
maintaining a seal between the rotors to allow rotation without heat buildup due Free Air.
to friction.
Position 1
Start of compression stroke;
START-UP PROCEDURE FOR A POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT COMPRESSOR Suction and discharge valve
closed

1- Check to be sure that no one is working on the compressor. Ensure that all maintenance personnel have completed their work on the unit, and that the compressor Position 2
discharge valve opens
has been properly turned back to operations, in accordance with safe operating procedures. Do an inspection to ensure that all flanges are tight, and that all tools have
been removed from the compressor unit. Be sure that all required safety guards have been put back into place to prevent personal injury.
2- Check to ensure that all blinds have been removed from the compressor inlet and outlet and from the cooling water supply and return lines. Position 3
3- Turn on the cooling water for the compressor cylinders. The purpose of the cooling water is to protect the compressor cylinders from damage due to over heating. Check end of compression stroke and
suction
for leaks on the cooling water system. If leaks are found, they must be repaired before the compressor can be started. Reciprocating compressor valves stroke disch. valve closed

3- Open the suction and discharge valves. Listen for leaks on flanges that were taken apart when the compressor was down for repair work. Be sure that all leaks are Position 4
tightened up prior to starting the compressor. General performance curve for axial flow, Approximate Upper Limit Of Pressure And
section valve opens
centrifugal, and positive displacement. Capacity By Compressor Class
4- Be sure that the compressor is in the unloaded position, to avoid overloading the motor when starting the compressor, and perhaps damaging the motor.
5- Close the breaker for the compressor motor. Before closing the motor breaker, be sure that the local start/stop switch is in the stop position. This will prevent the motor
from starting as the breaker is being closed, and may also prevent the creation of sparks between the breaker connections as the breaker is being closed.
6- Check the crankcase/gearbox oil level. Be sure that the crankcase/gearbox oil levels are at the required levels, so that the compressor will have adequate lubrication
when in service. Lack of adequate lubrication can result in damage to the compressor crankshaft, bearings or gears. If the levels are low, add additional lube oil as required.
7- Ensure the cylinder lubricator is full, so that the compressor cylinders will get the proper lubrication when the compressor is started.
8- Start the compressor.
9- Slowly load up the compressor. As the compressor is loaded up, check the suction and discharge pressures as well as the lube oil pressures. If any of the pressures are
abnormally low or high, shut down the compressor, and have the problem rectified, before restarting the compressor.
10- Check around the compressor for leaks, and listen for any unusual noises. If any leaks are found, tighten them up and if there are any unusual noises, find the cause of
the noise, and have it corrected. You may need maintenance support to tighten the leaks or to remedy the cause of the noise.
11- Ensure that the cylinder lubricator is working. If the lubricator is not working, the result will be excessive wear of the cylinder walls and pistons.