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Lab Report Phy260

This lab report summarizes an experiment to determine the focal length of a convex lens. The student used an online simulation to position an object at various distances in front of the lens and record the image distances. Applying the lens equation, the student calculated the focal length for each trial and found the average to be 4 cm, which matches the theoretical focal length without error. The student also discussed key properties of convex lenses such as their converging behavior and how the image is affected by the object position.

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aisyah
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339 views

Lab Report Phy260

This lab report summarizes an experiment to determine the focal length of a convex lens. The student used an online simulation to position an object at various distances in front of the lens and record the image distances. Applying the lens equation, the student calculated the focal length for each trial and found the average to be 4 cm, which matches the theoretical focal length without error. The student also discussed key properties of convex lenses such as their converging behavior and how the image is affected by the object position.

Uploaded by

aisyah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, PERAK

TAPAH CAMPUS
GEOMETRICAL OPTICS (PHY260)
LABORATORY REPORT

EXPERIMENT NO: 2

TITLE: DETERMINING THE FOCAL LENGTH OF A CONVEX LENS

GROUP: A4AS1204_N

NAME: AISYAH BT MOHAMMAD ISHAM


STUDENT ID: 2018446172

DATE OF EXPERIMENT:
DATE OF SUBMISSION: 18/5/2020

LECTURER: MADAM LILI WIDARTI BINTI ZAINUDDIN


Title: Determining the focal length of a convex lens

Objective: To determine the focal length of a convex lens by using Lens equation

Introduction: For convex lens the focal length is positive. Thus, for convex lens, the focal
length is a distance over which all the parallel rays will converge. A certain point over that
distance all the parallel rays will converge, that point is known as focal point.[ CITATION
che \l 17417 ]A convex lens converges rays parallel to its axis on its focus. The distance
between the pole of the lens and its focus is called focal length of the lens.[ CITATION Ver \l
17417 ]. A thin convex lens can be characterized by its focal length f, the object distance, do
and the image distance, di. These do and di are related to the focal length, f, by the lens
1 1 1
equation: = + .
f u v

Apparatus:

Procedure:
1. The link of simulation https://ophysics.com/l12.html were click
2. Convex lens were used, the point named “Focus’ " towards the left or right were
moved and the focal length were set into 4 cm (ftheoretical = 4cm) as in Fig.8
showed.
3. The fig.8 were referred again, the tip of the "Object" arrow upwards or downwards
were moved to set the object’s height in 1 cm.
4. The tip of the "Object" arrow left and right from 2 cm to 10 cm were moved. This is
known as the object distance, do @ u.
5. As shown in Fig.8, the object were placed at a distance of 10 cm from the lens.
6. The image distant, di @ v, were recorded.
7. The object distance were changed to 8 cm, 6 cm, 4 cm and 2 cm.
8. The step (5) for each different object distance were repeated.
9. The data were compiled in the table.
Results:

U (cm) V (cm) F (cm) Magnification (M)


2 -4 4 2
4 0 4 0
6 12 4 -2
8 8 4 -1
10 6.67 4 -0.67

Calculations:

1. Calculate the focal length using lens equation and find the average value.

U (CM) V (CM) F (CM)


2 -4 1 1 1 1
= + =
F 2 −1 4
F=4
4 0 1 1 1 1
= + =
F 4 0 4
F=4
6 12 1 1 1 1
= + =
F 6 12 4
F=4
8 8 1 1 1 1
= + =
F 8 8 4
F=4
10 6.67 1 1 1 1667
= + =
F 10 6.67 6670
F=4

The average value is


4+ 4+ 4 +4
=4
5

2. Compare the value of theoretical and experimental focal length by calculating the
percentage error.

4−4
Percentage error = [ ]
4
× 100=0 %
Discussions
From this experiment the focal length that had been obtained for each different object
distance (u) are all same which is -4cm. the focal length had been determined by used
lens equation : 1/u + 1/v = 1/f, . The image distance (v) and magnification (m), for
each different object distance had been determined by used the simulation. When, the
object at 2cm, the image distance is at -4cm and the magnification is 2. When object
at 4 cm, there is no image and zero magnification formed because it makes parallel
light rays. When object at 6cm, the image distance is 12cm and the magnification is
-2. Next, when the object were put at 8cm the image distances is at 8cm and the
magnification is -1. Lastly when the object were put at 10cm, the image distance will
be at 6.67 cm and the magnification is -0.67.The percentage error that obtained in this
experiment from the value of theoretical and experimental focal length is 0% , its
means there is no error occur during the experiment.
Next, in a convex, the lenses surfaces bulge outwards in the centre giving the classic
lentil-like shape. A convex lens is also called a converging lens because it makes
parallel light rays passing through it bend inward and meet (converge) at a spot just
beyond the lens known as the focal point. Next, When the object is located at the focal
point, no image is formed this is because the refracted rays neither converge nor
diverge. After refracting, the light rays are traveling parallel to each other and cannot
produce an image. When the object is located between 2F and F, the image will be
located in the specified region. So, the image will be inverted a right side up object
results in an upside-down image, the image is a real image. When the objects at twice
the distance of focal length 2f, and more than twice the distance of focal length 2f of
the converging lens. The image will be an inverted image and smaller image, the
image is reduced in size.

Conclusion
For this experiment, the focal length of a convex lens can be calculated by used the
formula: 1/u + 1/v = 1/f, the focal length f of the lens can be found. The focal length
of convex length is always positive

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