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REPORT ON GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION

CLIENT

PUBLIC HEALTH AND MUNICIPAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT,

GOVT. OF ANDHRA PRADESH.

CONTRACTOR

M/S ECO PROTECTION ENGINEERS PVT LTD,

No.943, 54th Street, TVS Colony, Anna Nagar west Extn, Chennai.

PROJECT

Construction of 5MLD Sewage Treatment Plant with Septage Management in Tadepalli Gudem
under Amrut II 2016-20 in West Godavari District.
Main Pumping Station at Kadakatla of Zone-II

TESTING AGENCY

Reg. Office:-Annoor Test Labs and Engineering Services Pvt Ltd.

Dawagigudem Road, Pamarthi Nagar, Gannavaram, Krishna Dist.
Ph: 08676256700, 9908056677, 7093910033
City office: 40-27-87 First floor, Chukkapalli chamber, Nirmala Convent
Road, Vijayawada- 520010.

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INDEX

S.No. CONTENTS PAGE NO.

1.0 INTRODUCTION 03

2.0 OBJECTIVE 03

3.0 SCOPE OF WORK 03 & 04

4.0 FIELD INVESTIGATION 04

5.0 LABORATORY INVESTIGATION 05

6.0 INTERPRETATION OF TEST RESULT 05

7.0 ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY 06

8.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 06

9.0 TEST RESULT REPORT 07

10.0 FIELD BORE LOG 08

11.0 GRAIN SIZE ANALISYS GRAPH & SPT GRAPH 08

12.0 LIST OF REFFERED CODES 09

13.0 SBC CALCULATION & SETTLEMENT APPROACH 10 & 11

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1.0 INTRODUCTION
M/s. ECO Protection Engineers Pvt Ltd has proposal for the Construction of 5MLD Sewage Treatment
Plant with Septage Management in Tadepalli Gudem under Amrut II 2016-20 in West Godavari District. For
the purpose of construction it is required to have the soil investigation data to identify the geology of the soil
and to identify the type of proposed foundation based on the reports. The work of geotechnical investigation
for the above said project was entrusted to M/s.Annoor Test Labs &Engg. Services Pvt. Ltd., Gannavaram,
Vijayawada, Krishna district.

Your Reference : W.O.No. EPEPL/WO/2017-18/BHM/002

Dated on 03/01/2018
Location of Sample Collection : Main Pumping Station at Kadakatla Zone-II,
Tadepalli Gudem.

Date of Sample Collection : 13/01/2018

Collected By : Mr. Sai Krishna (ATLES Pvt, Ltd.)
Climatic Condition : Clear.
Date of Sample receipt in the Lab : 13/01/2018
Date of Testing and processing : 14/01/2018 to 17/01/2018
Date of Report Issued : 18/01/2018.

The report presented herein deals with the analysis of field and laboratory test results, type and depth of
foundation and recommendations based on the type of soil and its safe bearing capacity of soil.

2.0 OBJECTIVES OF INVESTIGATION

The purpose and objectives of investigation was to obtain the sub surface conditions at the site so as to
evaluate the soil parameter which are required for evaluating the safe bearing capacity of soil for the design
and suitability of the foundation for the proposed structure. The knowledge of general geotechnical subsoil
characteristics, compressibility and information about ground water table is an essential requirement for the
geotechnical engineer, which would assist the designer to design the foundation system.

3.0 SCOPE OF WORK

The detailed scope of work of geotechnical investigation for the project was limited to the following:
Mobilization of equipment and personnel to the project site, setting up the equipment and carrying out the field
investigation and demobilization of the same after completion of fieldwork.
 Drilling of bore hole (BH-1 )150mm diameter of boring at specified location mentioned. As per the
work order it was requested to go with the manual boring up to a depth of 10.00 Mts bore or N >50
achieved, whichever occurs earlier.

 Conducting standard penetration test at regular depth intervals of 1.50 Mts or at every change of strata
whichever illustrates earlier and collect samples for further testing.

 Collection of the undisturbed soil samples at every change of the strata.

 Recording the depth of ground water table (If observed).

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Conducting all necessary and relevant laboratory tests on representative soil sample limited to following:

• Natural moisture content

• Sieve analysis
• Liquid and Plastic limit
• Specific gravity
• Bulk and Dry density
• Direct shear/ Tri-axial shear test
Laboratory testing for evaluating SBC as per latest IS codes.

Submission of soil testing report which includes interpretation of test results and suggesting recommendations
for net safe bearing capacity of soil.
4.0 FIELD INVESTIGATION
The testing equipment and personnel for carrying out the requisite field works where mobilized to the site. The
testing has been done for the work of Soil boring up to 10.00 Mts depth of BH-1and to verify the type of soil,
its physical properties and safe bearing capacity at different depths.

The prescribed borehole (BH-1 ) of 150mm dia was drilled at the Construction of 5MLD Sewage Treatment
Plant with Septage Management in Tadepalli Gudem under Amrut II 2016-20 in West Godavari District. using
manual drilling equipment’s in accordance with IS: 1892 – 1976.Standard penetration test were conducted in
borehole at regular intervals of 1.50Mts. The bore was cleaned up to the desired depth where the SPT test was
conducted. Standard split spoon sampler was attached to lower end of ‘A’ size drill rods and driven into the
borehole by means of standard hammer of 63.5 Kg. falling freely from a height of 75 cm. The sampler was
driven 45cm and the number of blows required for the first 15cm penetration was not taken into account. This
was considered as seating drive.
The number of blows required for the penetration of last 30 cm was designated as SPT ‘N’ values.

Soil samples obtained from standard split spoon sampler for all above standard penetration tests were collected
in the polythene bags of suitable size. These samples were properly sealed, labeled, recorded and carefully
transported to the laboratory for further testing.

Un-disturbed soil samples were also collected in thin walled sampling tubes of 38mm dia and 300mm length
from borehole at every3.0 m or every change of strata as per IS: 2131-1986. These sampling tube after
retrieval from the borehole were properly waxed and sealed at both ends. These were carefully labeled and
transported to the laboratory for testing. The ground water table in borehole generally measured after 24 hours
of the boring or after the full stabilization of water level in borehole.

5.0 LABORATORY INVESTIGATION

The following laboratory tests were conducted on selected soil samples recovered from the
Borehole:
a) Natural moisture content
b) Sieve analysis
c) Liquid and Plastic limit
d) Bulk and Dry density
e) Direct shear Test / Tri-axial test

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The above laboratory tests were carried out as per relevant Indian standard code of practice. All the soil
samples were identified and classified as per IS: 1498-1970. The results of laboratory tests are shown in soil
profile sheets.

6.0 INTERPRETATION OF TEST RESULTS

Based on the details obtained from the field and laboratory test results, the sub soil stratums classified as
under:
BH-1
The sub soil stratum consisted of Brown Clay of CI group from level i.e. 0.00Mts to 4.50 Mts depth, Clayey
Gravel of GC group from level i.e. 4.50 Mts to 10.00 Mts depth. The classification has been done as per Indian
standard code of practice IS: 1498-1970. All the laboratory results of soil are shown in soil profile sheet.
Water Table was found @ 2.30m depth from top of the bore hole.
The Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) curve reveals that the sub-soil stratum is ‘Medium’ in compactness up
to the depth of investigation.
It has been observed in every bore where ever the water table has been encountered the SPT value has as this
is effect of water table and upward thrust of water pressure at the starting point. Hence this effect shall be
considered and shall not be considered as reliable SPT value at that particular point of interception. The SPT
Numbers has been corrected for overburden pressure and diltency corrections shall be applied.

7.0 ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY

Based on the field and laboratory test results and depending upon the load of superstructure to be transferred to
the ground through the foundation system, the safe bearing capacities of subsoil strata at different depths have
been computed using two approaches (i) shear failure approach (ii) settlement approach. The first criterion for
computation of bearing capacity of soil is shear criterion. In this Approach, the bearing capacity of soil has
been computed in accordance with IS: 6403-1981 and then the settlement criterion in accordance with IS: 8009
(part-1) -1997 and IS: 1904-1962. The governing net safe bearing capacity would be the least value obtained
from the above two approaches.

Isolated column footing is analyzed for transmitting the load of superstructures at different depth as per the
soil strata and site conditions. The bearing capacities for foundations have been computed in respective
section.

Due to heavy rain fall or local stagnation, water may seep into the foundation zone and may affect the
foundation system. Hence water correction factor ‘w’ equal to the factor of safety 2.5 has been considered
throughout in computation of bearing capacity of soil.

7.1 Shear Failure Approach

o The analysis of net safe bearing capacities of soil have been worked out for square footing
against shear failure approach. If, the void ratio (e 0) lies in between 0.55 to 0.75 in such cases,
interpolation method between local shear failure approach and general shear failure has been
used for bearing capacity factors which leads to computation of bearing capacity of soil as per
IS: 6403 -1981. Factor of safety equal to 2.50 has been considered throughout in computation
of bearing capacity of soil. The following equations are used for computation of bearing
capacity of soil:

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o General Shear Approach
qult= cdcic + q (Nq – 1) Sqdqiq + 0.5 B γNγSγdγiγω′
Local Shear Approach
qult = 2/3 c NcScdcic+ q (Nq-1)Sqdqiq + 0.5 B γNγSγdγiγω′
Where:
Net ultimate bearing capacity : qult
Bearing capacity factor : Nc, Nq, Nγ
Shape factor : Sc, Sq, Sγ
Inclination factor : ic, iq, iγ
Depth Factor : dc, dq, dγ
Water correction factor : ω′
Cohesion : c
Density of Soil : γ
Net overburden pressure : q
7.2 Settlement Failure Approach
The analysis of net safe bearing capacities of soil have been worked out for footing against settlement failure
approach. If there is an excessive on uneven settlement, structure may fail. The settlement for bearing capacity
computed by shear criteria has been calculated and if the settlement exceeds to prescribe limit, the SBC has
been reduced accordingly. In this case maximum permissible settlement has been taken equal to 50 mm. This
has been taken as per IS: 1904 -1978. For the computation of settlement IS: 8009 (Part-I) -1978 has been used.

8.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on the field and laboratory test results the conclusions and recommendations are as given
below.

BH-1
The sub soil stratum consisted of Brown Clay of CI group from level i.e. 0.00Mts to 4.50 Mts depth, Clayey
Gravel of GC group from level i.e. 4.50 Mts to 10.00 Mts depth. The classification has been done as per Indian
standard code of practice IS: 1498-1970. All the laboratory results of soil are shown in soil profile sheet.
Water Table was found @ 2.30m depth from top of the bore hole.
The Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) curve reveals that the sub-soil stratum is ‘Medium’ in compactness up
to the depth of investigation.

** The Recommended Safe Bearing Capacities for different depths of foundation have been presented in
Table of Results of bearing capacity of soil. The final recommended type of foundation is Open type/
Pile foundation.

Report is prepared on the basis of limited borehole drilled at the test location for subsoil investigations. The
field and laboratory tests performed on samples recovered from the site. Any discrepancy in soil /rock stratum,
if, observed during construction shall be reported immediately to the agency M/s. ANNOOR TEST LABS &
ENGG. SERVICES PVT.LTD

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09. TEST RESULT REPORT
BH-1
Table-1
SBC value at different depth:

BEARING CAPACITY FACTORS

Dry Phi
S.No.
DEPTH Moisture DENSITY
COHESION
VALUE
SBC in
in Mts content “C” kN/m2 T/ M2
gm/cc (Friction)“Ø” º
Nc Nq Nγ

1 1.50 15.24 1.609 53 0 5.140 1.000 0.000 12.3

2 3.00 16.83 1.590 65 0 5.140 1.000 0.000 18.5
3 4.50 18.44 1.564 72 0 5.140 1.000 0.000 24.4
4 6.00 8.94 1.820 13 30 16.150 7.355 6.621 35
5 8.00 9.43 1.817 18 28 14.509 6.195 5.162 35
6 10.00 9.84 1.808 10 31 17.069 8.019 7.477 35

Table-2
Physical Properties:
DEPTH COARSE MEDIUM SILT and
GRAVEL% FINE SAND % LL PL PI
in Mts SAND % SAND % CLAY %

0.00 - 1.50 2.77 2.55 4.35 7.69 82.64 41.37 17.83 23.54
1.50 - 3.00 1.55 2.14 3.36 12.81 80.14 40.22 18.64 21.58
3.00 - 4.50 2.09 2.90 2.33 8.27 84.41 43.12 17.78 25.34
4.50 - 6.00 37.70 21.47 4.21 3.66 32.96 28.59 19.67 8.92
6.00 - 8.00 35.62 4.18 20.37 3.51 36.32 30.18 19.88 10.30
8.00 - 10.00 38.34 22.82 3.34 2.22 33.28 28.94 19.03 9.91

Table-3

Corrected “N” Value:

EFFECTIVE FINAL CORRECTED
DEPTH BULK OVERBURDEN
TYPE OF OVERBURDEN OBSERVED SPT VALUE AFTER
OF DENSITY CORRECTION
SOIL PRESSURE ‘N’ VALUE DILATANCY
SAMPLE Mts (T/M2) FACTOR
(T/M2) CORRECTION (N’’)
1.50 1.854 2.781 1.430 12 12

3.00 Brown Clay 1.858 2.574 1.456 18 18

4.50 1.852 3.834 1.322 25 25

6.00 1.983 5.898 1.178 >50

8.00 Clayey Gravel 1.988 7.904 1.080 >50

10.00 1.986 9.860 1.007 >50

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0. FIELD BORE LOG (BH-1) LAB JOB No. : 180110103/1

METHOD OF BORING : Shell & Auger Method BOREHOLE NO. : 01

: Main Pumping Station at
CASING TYPE & DEPTH : --- LOCATION
Kadakatla Zone II,Tadepalli Gudem
WATER TABLE : 2.30 DATE START : 13/01/2018
DEPTH OF BORING : 10.00 Mts (Below Ground Level) DATE OF COMPLETION : 13/01/2018

THICK. (m)
DEPTH (m)

REMARKS
SAMPLE DETAILS SPT BLOWS COUNTS

LEGEND

STRATA
CLASS
DESCRIPTION
SOIL
OF SOIL

TYP

DEP
STRATA

TES
NO.

(m)
TH
15 30 45 “N”

T
DS 1 0.00-1.00 COLLECTED
1.50
SPT 1 1.00-1.50 4 5 7 12

DS 2 1.50-2.50 COLLECTED
3.00 Brown Clay CI 4.50
SPT 2 2.50-3.00 5 8 10 18

DS 3 3.00-4.00 COLLECTED
4.50
SPT 3 4.00-4.50 5 9 16 25
-
DS 4 4.50-5.50 COLLECTED
6.00
SPT 4 5.50-6.00 21 >50

DS 5 6.00-7.00 COLLECTED
8.00 Clayey Gravel GC 5.50
SPT 5 7.00-8.00 39 >50

DS 6 8.00-9.00 COLLECTED
10.00
SPT 6 9.00-10.00 35 >50

11. GRAIN SIZE ANALYSIS GRAPHS & SPT GRAPHS

Clay Silt Sand Gravel

10
100

90
8
80

70
6
PERCENT FINER

60
50

40 4
30
20 2
10
0
0
0.001 0.01 GRAIN0.1
SIZE IN mm 1 10
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
0.00 - 1.50 1.50 - 3.00 3.00 - 4.50 OBSERVED SPT 'N' VALUE
FINAL CORRECTED VALUE AFTER DILATANCY CORRECTION (N'')
4.50 - 6.00 6.00 - 8.00 8.00 - 10.00

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12. LIST OF REFERRED IS CODES
Field Investigation

1. IS :1498-1970 Classification and identification of soils for general engineering

purposes (first revision) Amendment 2

2. IS :1892-1979 Code of practice for sub surface investigations for foundations

3. IS :2131-1981 Method of standard penetration tests for soils
4. IS :2132-1986 Code of practice for thin walled tube sampling of soils

Laboratory tests

1. IS :2720-1983 (Part 1) Methods of tests for soils: Preparation of dry soil samples for
various tests (second revision ).
2. IS :2720-1980 (Part-2) Methods of test for soils: Determination of water content (second
revision ) Amendment 1.GF

3. IS :2720-1980(Part-3/Sec1) Method of test for soil : Determination of specific gravity : Fine

grained soils

4. IS :2720-1980(Part-3/Sec2) Method of test for soil : Determination of specific gravity : Fine

medium& coarse grained soils.(First revision)
5. IS :2720-1985 (Part-4) Methods of test for soils: Grain size analysis (Second revision).
6. IS :2720-1985 (Part-6) Methods of test for soils: Determination of liquid and plastic
limit (Second revision)

Foundation construction

1. IS : 1904-1986 Code of practice for design and construction of foundation

in soils : General requirements (Third revision)

2. IS :6403-1981 Code of practice for determination of bearing capacity of

Shallow foundations.

3. IS :8009-1976 (Part-1) Code of practice for calculation of settlements of foundations :

Shallow foundations subjected to symmetrical static vertical loads
(Amendment 2).
Soil Chemical Analysis
2. IS :2720-1987 (Part 26) Code of practice for Soil Chemical analysis.

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SBC Calculation

CALCULATION FOR SAFE BEARING CAPACITY

CALCULATION
Name of The Description Unit Result
2
C = Cohesion on kgf/cm2 = KN/M 0.53
Df = Depth of Foundation below Ground Level = Cms 150
B = or Square (Width = Length ) = Cms 100
L = (In Case of Rectangle Footing) = Cms 0
Φ= = Degree 0
Φ' = For purpose of Nc',Nq',Nr' = 0
Ү= = Ton/m3 0.00185

Nc (0-25) = - 5.14
Nc (25-50) = - FALSE
Nc / Nc' = - 5.14
Nq (0-25) = - 1
Nq (25-50) = - FALSE
Nq / Nq' = - 1
NҮ (0-25) = - 0
NҮ (25-50) = - FALSE
NҮ / NҮ' = - 0
Where NΦ = = - 1
The Depth Factors -
Dc = = - 1.300
Dq = = - 1
DҮ = = - 1
Sc = = - 1.3
Sq = = - 1.2
SҮ = = - 0.8
Ic = - 1
Iq = - 1
IҮ = - 1
W' = - 0.5

qd = KcNcScDcIc + q (Nq - 1) SqDqIq + 0.5BҮNҮSҮIҮDҮW' = kg/cm2 1.227706

Safe Bearing Capacity = T/M2 12.27

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The formula for consolidation settlement of footing in clay layer

=
qs = Footing pressure KN/M2 at the required depth.(by shear parameters) 12.3 MT/M2
=
Y = Density of soil 1.854 t/m3

=
WL = Liquid Limit(LL) 41.37 %

=
Wt = Water table Depth 0 m
=
Wc = % of Water Content in the soil at calculation level 15.24 %
=
G = Sp.Gravity of soil 2.67
=
B = Breadth of the footing 1 m
=
D = Depth of foundation(M) 2 m
=
H = Thickness of Clay layer (M) 4.5 m
=
z = height at centre of the clay layer 2.25 m
=
d = Depth of centre of the clay layer, below footing level (H/2)-(H/2 - D) 2 m

=
e0 = Initial void ratio at mid height of clay layer 0.40691

=
Cc = Compression index = 0.009(W L-10) 0.28233 %

=
P0 = Initial Effective Stress at centre of the clay layer KN/M2 41.715 KN/M2

(Total over burden pressure(Y x Z) - Pore water pressure(Yw x Z)

=
Qs = Footing Load KN (qs X B2) 123 KN
=
b = Width of load spread ( B + 2(d)) 5
=
ΔP = Vertical Stress increment due to foundation load Kn/M2 (Qs/b2) 4.92

Ss = Considered Settlement = 40 mm

Sc = (H/1 + ēo) X Cc X log((Po + ϪP)/Po) = 43.7246 mm

Safe allowable bearing pressure for allowable settlement of 40 - 50mm to a max of 60mm for Clay
soils with high plastic(As per IS 1904 - Table1)

T/M2 = Pressure Due to Shear Failure("qs" in T/m2)/ Consolidaton Settlement (Sc)X

(Ss)considered settlement

The allowable safe bearing pressure based on the consolidation settlement of "= 40 mm = 11.2522 T/M2

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