Common Spinning Formulas

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Grams per Meter 0.5905 / Ne

Grams per Yard 0.54 / Ne

Tex den x .11 = 1000/Nm = Mic/25.4

Ne Nm/1.693

DRAFT (feed weight in g/m) / (delivery weight in g/m)

DRAFT Tex (feed)/Tex(delivery)

DRAFT delivery roll surface speed/feed roll surface speed

No. of hanks delivered by m/c (Length delivered in m/min)/1.605grams per meter = 0.5905/Ne

Carding
Production in kgs / hr ( L x 1.0936 x 60 x effy ) / (hank (Ne) x 36 x 840 x 2.2045)
 L – delivery speed in
effy-
Ne – English count ( number of 840 yards in o
840 –
2.2045- to convert from lbs to kilograms

Production in kgs / hr (L x Ktex x 60 x effy) / ( 1000 )

L – delivery speed in
Ktex- sliver count in Ktex
effy –
1000- to convert to kilograms from grams

Production in kgs / 8 hrs (0.2836 x L x effy) / (Ne)

L – delivery speed in
effy –
Ne – English count

Production / 8 hrs (Hank x Nd) /( Ne x 2.2045)

Hank = no of hank (840 yards)delivered by the
Nd = no of
Ne = hank of the material

Total draft in card (feed weight in g/m) / (sliver weight in g/m)

Drawframe
Break draft surface speed of 2nd roller / surface speed of back roller

Main draft surface speed of 1st roller / surface speed of 2nd( middle) roller

Total draft surface speed of delivery roller / surface of feed roller

Production in kgs / 8 hrs (0.2836 x L x effy x Nd) / (Ne)

L – delivery speed in
effy –
Ne – english
Nd – No of delvieries

Production in kgs / hr (FRD x FRrpm x 3.14 x 60 x effy x Nd) / (Ne x 840 x 36 x 2.2045)
 FRD – front roller dia in
FRrpm – front roller
effy –
Ne – Sliver
Nd – number of deliveries

Speedframe & Ringframe

Twist / Inch (TPI) Spindle speed / FRS

FRS – front roller surface speed in inches/mi

FRS = FRrpm x 3.14 x FRD FRS – Front roller surface speed

FRD – front roller diamete

T.P.I T.M. x sqrt(count or hank)

T.M. – Twist
sqrt – square root

Production in kgs / 8 hrs (7.2 x SS x effy) / (TPI x Ne x 1000)

SS – spindle speed

Spindle speed m/min x TPI x 39.37

Hank delivered spindle speed / ( tpi x 62.89)

Ring traveller speed in m/sec (spindle speed x ring dia in mm x 3.14) / (60 x 1000)

Winding
Production in kgs / 8 hrs (0.2836 x L x effy x Nd) / (Ne)

L – delivery speed in
effy –
Ne – english
Nd – No of delvieries

Production in kgs / hr ( L x 1.0936 x 60 x effy ) / (hank (Ne) x 36 x 840 x 2.2045)

L – delivery speed in
effy-
Ne – English count ( number of 840 yards in o
840 –
2.2045- to convert from lbs to kilograms
Calculation of Draft and Twist in Ring Spinning
Calculation of Draft and Twist in Ring Spinning
S. M. Hossen Uzzal
Production Officer
Monno Fabrics Ltd., Manikgonj
Email: [email protected]

Ring Spinning Frame

Ring Spinning Frame is the last stage in the process of conversion of fibers into yarn. The ring
spinning machine was first invented in 1828 by the American Thorp. In 1830, another American
scientist, Jenk, contributed the traveler rotating on the ring.

Calculation of Draft in Ring Spinning

It is possible to achieve very high range of draft and twist on modern long spinning frames. This
is due to the provision of pairs of draft and twist change gears in the mechanism as shown in the
figure.
 Gearing Diagram of Modern Ring Spinning Frame
All drafting rollers are of one inch diameter. 
Draft between middle roller and back roller:

Draft between front roller and middle roller: 

Total Draft between front roller and back roller: 

Thus, the range of draft varies from 14.05 to 25.75with the present draft gears. However, it can
be further increased by change of Gear H to 150 T in which case the range will increase from
14.05 to 35.115 and if the Gear G is also changed to 24 the range will increase from 14.05 to
70.230.

Calculation of Twist in Ring Spinning

By changing the speed of the main pulley and adjustments in the twist change and auxiliary twist
change gears wide range of twist can be achieved.

Turns per inch of 19 to 20 is generally used by the spinners for spinning of 21 Ne warp yarn. In
fact the spinners consider the fibre properties of cotton in deciding the twist multiplier for the
particular count of yarn to be spun. The main focus is to use optimum twist level so that good
quality yarn can be spun at commercially competitive and industrially profitable output rate.