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Carbohydrate Structure and Function Flashcards

This document defines key terms related to carbohydrate structure and function, including: monosaccharides like triose, tetrose, aldoses and ketoses; D and L sugars; epimers and anomers; the anomeric carbon and cyclization; alpha and beta anomers; mutarotation; common monosaccharides like glucose, fructose, galactose and mannose; glycoside formation; common disaccharides like sucrose, lactose and maltose; and the three main polysaccharides - cellulose, starches and glycogen - and their functions.

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Lej
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14 views

Carbohydrate Structure and Function Flashcards

This document defines key terms related to carbohydrate structure and function, including: monosaccharides like triose, tetrose, aldoses and ketoses; D and L sugars; epimers and anomers; the anomeric carbon and cyclization; alpha and beta anomers; mutarotation; common monosaccharides like glucose, fructose, galactose and mannose; glycoside formation; common disaccharides like sucrose, lactose and maltose; and the three main polysaccharides - cellulose, starches and glycogen - and their functions.

Uploaded by

Lej
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Biochemistry – Carbohydrate Structure and Function

What is a 3-carbon sugar called?


Triose
Biochemistry – Carbohydrate Structure and Function
What is a 4-carbon sugar called?
Tetrose
Biochemistry – Carbohydrate Structure and Function
What is a sugar with an aldehyde group called?
Aldoses
Biochemistry – Carbohydrate Structure and Function
What is a sugar with a ketone group called?
Ketose
Biochemistry – Carbohydrate Structure and Function
What is the difference between D sugars and L sugars?
They are enantiomers from each other; in a fishcer projection,
more OH on the right is a D-sugar, more OH on the left is a L-
sugar
Biochemistry – Carbohydrate Structure and Function
What is an epimer?
Type of diastereomer where exactly one chiral carbon differs
Biochemistry – Carbohydrate Structure and Function
What is an anomer?
Type of epimer that differ at the anomeric carbon
Biochemistry – Carbohydrate Structure and Function
What is the anomeric Carbon? What does it contain in
straight-chain form?
The chiral center formed from the ring closure; the carbon
containing carbonyl in the straight-chain form
Biochemistry – Carbohydrate Structure and Function
What is cyclization?
The ring formation of carbohydrates from their straight-chain
forms
Biochemistry – Carbohydrate Structure and Function
What is the different between the α-anomer or β-anomer
conformation?
α-anomer: β-anomer:

The –OH on the anomeric The –OH on the anomeric


carbon is trans to the free – carbon is cis to the free –
CH2OH group CH2OH group
Biochemistry – Carbohydrate Structure and Function
What occurs during mutarotation?
One anomeric form shifts to another, with the straight-chain
form as the intermediate
Biochemistry – Carbohydrate Structure and Function
What is the name of the carbohydrate below?
D-Fructose
Biochemistry – Carbohydrate Structure and Function
What is the name of the carbohydrate below?
D-Glucose
Biochemistry – Carbohydrate Structure and Function
What is the name of the carbohydrate below?
D-Galactose
Biochemistry – Carbohydrate Structure and Function
What is the name of the carbohydrate below?
D-Mannose
Biochemistry – Carbohydrate Structure and Function
What are monosaccharides?
Single carbohydrate units
Biochemistry – Carbohydrate Structure and Function
What are the three main reactions monosaccharides can
undergo?
Oxidation/reduction, esterification, and glycoside formation
Biochemistry – Carbohydrate Structure and Function
What is glycoside formation?
The basis for building complex carbohydrates and requires the
anomeric carbon to link to another sugar
Biochemistry – Carbohydrate Structure and Function
What are common disaccharides?
Sucrose (glucose-α-1,2-fuctose), lactose (galactose-β-
1,4,glucose), and maltose (glucose-α-1,4-glucose)
Biochemistry – Carbohydrate Structure and Function
What are the three polysaccharides and their function?
Cellulose – main structural component of plant cell walls; main
source of fiber in the human diet
Starches (amylase and amylopectin) – main energy storage
forms for plants
Glycogen – a major energy storage form for animals

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