Module 1: Function, Rational Function, Inverse Function, Exponential function, and Logarithmic Function

B. INTRODUCTION
One important application of function is to model real-life situations. A real-life
example in which application of function is relevant is distance and time during
jogging. Imagine that you are jogging at a certain speed and you want to know
what is the total distance travelled. How do you determine what is the total
distance travelled? You can notice that the total distance depends on the time
spent jogging. This real-life situation can be expressed as a mathematical function
the distance as function of time, denoted by d(t). The time (t) is the independent
variable (input) and distance (d) the dependent variable (output).

At the end of the lesson, the learners will be to:

➢ represents real-life situations using functions, including piece-wise functions. M11GM-Ia-1
➢ write the requires functional model of each real-life situation.

Independent Variable (IV) and Dependent Variable (DV)

In the 'real-life situation, functions are mathematical model or representations of many input-output
situations. Identifying the appropriate functional model requires understanding how the value of one variable
(dependent variable) depends on the value of the other variable (independent variable)
A mathematical function, f(x) read as “f of x”, denoted by
f(x) = y
where:
x is the independent variable (or input) and
y is the dependent variable (or output)

The most popular function notation is f (x) which is read "f of x" is often used to represent functions of the
independent variable x, especially when the nature of the function is unspecified. This is NOT the multiplication of
f times.
DEPENDENT VS INDEPENDENT VARIABLE
The output or
response
A variable that is observed or measured
The input or
stimulus
The variable that is
manipulated by
nature,
circumstances or
researcher
The cause The

effect

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Examples: Determining the Input (independent variable) and Output (dependent variable) of
Function. 1. Distance and time during a trip
output input
Guide question. Ask yourself ” Which variable depends on another variable?
Analyze: Is time depends on distance or the distance depends on time.” It was explained in the
introduction, that the distance depends on time. Thus, the distance is the output (dependent
variable) and time is input (independent variable) Distance as function of time denoted by d(t). 2.
Height of a ball and time when you throw it up
output input
The height depends on time, denoted by function H(t).
3. Amount of money earned and hours worked
output input
The amount of money depends on hours denoted by function A(t)
4. Temperature of hot chocolate and time
output input
The temperature depends on time, denoted by function T(t)
Note: time is the independent variable (input ) a LOT.
In writing the function, you always write first the output then parenthesis input.

Source: Morgan Brown Flipped Education (21013 08 13). Algebra 1 Real World Examples of functions.
Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_xtQ-1MW6Q

READINESS CHECK
Determine the input (independent variable) and output (dependent variable) of a function. Write your
answer in the space provided.
1. College degree and the student’s Basic Education Exit Assessment (BEEA) rating
Input (IV)_________________________________ Output (DV) ______________________________
2. Daily sale at Walter Mart store
Input (IV)_________________________________ Output (DV) ______________________________
3. Distance travel when throwing a ball 30 meter per second up into the air
Input (IV)_________________________________ Output (DV) ______________________________
4. Tree grows 20 cm each year.
Input (IV)_________________________________ Output (DV) ______________________________
5. Car model to its color
 Input (IV)_________________________________ Output (DV) ______________________________

C. DEVELOPMENT
Which functions are usually used to model real-life situations? These are: Linear functions, Greatest Integer
Function Least Integer Function, and Piece-wise function.

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Recall in your Junior High School, you were taught what linear function is.

Great integer function is a piecewise function containing all constant "pieces". The constant pieces are observed across
the adjacent intervals of the function, as they change value from one interval (1-2) to the next
It rounds
down a
real
number to
the
nearest
integer.

What is the difference between Greatest

Integer Function and Least Integer Function?

It

rounds
up a real
number
to the
nearest
integer

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What is the difference between Integer Function

 and Piece-wiseFunction?

A piece-wise function is made up of 2 or 3 pieces of functions. Their “pieces" may be all linear, or a combination of
functional forms (such as constant, linear, quadratic, cubic, square root, cube root, exponential, etc.)

-
KNOWLEDGE CHECK. This is test on how well do you know each function. Matching Type:
Match the appropriate function with its description. Write the letter only. Place your answer inside the box.
Description Function 1. A function whose graph is a straight line, and has form. y = f(x) = a +
bx. A. Piece-wise
2. A function made up of multiple sub-functions on different parts of the domain. B. Greatest Integer
3. 4. This function is also known as the ceiling function which
A function denoted by y = [x] which returns the largest returns the value of the least integer more than or equal to
integer less than or equal to x. In essence, it rounds down a x.
real number to the nearest integer. D. Least Integer
C. Linear

To deepen our understanding on FUNCTIONS AS MODELS OF REAL -LIFE SITUATIONS. Ten solved problems are
presented in this lesson
Your task: (1) Determine the appropriate function to use
(2) Write the required function equation of each real-life situation
 Linear Function
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Page 5 of 10
 Least Integer
Function

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Nos. 8-10. Piece -

wise function
IntegeFunction

.
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Understanding Check. Various real-life situations are modeled by appropriate functions

have been presented in this lesson.
How would you recognize if the problem requires piece-wise function? d) a linear function?
a) a greatest integer function? b) least integer function? c) a Answer:

D.ENGAGEMENT. Believe in yourself! You can do solve the Exercises below. problems. Use another sheet of
paper for your answer. Exercises: Write the required model of each real-life situations

1. A person is earning ₱600 per day to do a certain job. Express the total salary S as a function of the number n of
days that the person works.
2. Jose works at Abenson’s store. Each week he earns ₱300 plus 5% commission on each item sale. Write a
function representing his total earnings E to x item sales.
3. A school’s fair committee wants to sell t-shirts for their school fair. They found a supplier that sells t-shirts at a
price of ₱175.00 per piece but can charge ₱15,000.00 for a bulk order of 100 shirts and ₱125.00 for each
excess t-shirt after that. Use a piecewise function to represent the cost in terms of the number of t-shirts
purchased.
4. A computer shop charges 20 pesos per hour (or a fractional of an hour) for the first two hours and an
additional 10pesos per hour for each succeeding hour. Represent your computer rental fee using the function
R(t) where t is the number of hours you spent on the computer.
5. A jeepney ride costs ₱8.00 for the first 4 kilometers, and each additional integer kilometer adds ₱1.50 to the
fare. Give F function to represent the jeepney fare in terms of the distance d in kilometers.

Performance Task: Philippine Tax Structure

 Rubric:

Criteria Points
Mathematical Model 4
Mathematical Calculation 4
Explanation 4
Neatness and Organization 4

E. ASSIMILATION. REFLECTION.

During the Enhanced Community Quarantine (ECQ) period, reflect on a situation of our country and provide a
relevant application of function. Give three situation (input-output relationship) that can be represented by
functions.

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Category 4 3 2 1
Mathematical model functional, complete and functional, incomplete Uses the appropriate missing)
used accurate equations with 1 missing functional, incomplete Uses the inappropriate
Uses the appropriate Uses the appropriate equations (two of the equations are functional model

Calculations Work shown is complete, and accurate complete, and accurate incomplete, or inaccurate
logical Steps/calculations are Steps/calculations mostly Steps/calculations are The calculations are difficult to
correct correct somewhat correct and/or some understand and are missing
are missing several components or was not
Reasoning Reasoning is logical, include
Reasoning is mostly logical, Reasoning is illogical, No reason is given

Neatness and fashion that is easy to organized fashion that is may be hard to read at all to know what
organization read usually easy to read times information goes
The work is presented in The work is presented in The work is presented in The work appears sloppy together.
a neat, clear, organized a neat, clear, an organized fashion, but and unorganized it is hard

Formative Assessment: Each question is a multiple-choice question with four options. Read each question
and analyze carefully and choose the ONE best answer. Encircle the letter of your answer.

1. Which of the following best describe a piece-wise function?

A. It is a set of ordered pairs.
B. It is a set of all real numbers.
C. It is a set of ordered pairs which no two ordered pairs have the same x value.
D. It is a set of ordered pairs that consists of two or more functions in a specified domain.

2. A school has 20 computers in a laboratory. Every academic year, a grant is approved and the school receives 10 more
 computers. Which expression shows the number of computers the school will have after n grants have been approved?
A. 20n + 10 B. 10n + 20 C. 20n – 10 D. 10n - 20

3. A jeepney company charges ₱2.00 for the first 0.6 kilometers and ₱0.50 for each additional 0.2 kilometer. This situation is
best modelled by what function?
A. Linear function B. Greatest integer function
C. Piece-wise function D. Least integer function

4. A user of internet plan is paying ₱ 900 monthly, which includes 800 MB capacity per day. Excess of 800 MB will be
charged ₱ 10 per MB. Represent the monthly cost for internet plan with the function i(x), where i is the internet usage in
a month.

5. A jeepney company charges ₱2.00 for the first 0.6 kilometers and ₱0.50 for each additional 0.2 kilometer. Write the
equations that model this situation.

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F. REFERENCES

Morgan Brown Flipped Education (21013 08 13). Algebra 1 Real World Examples of functions. Retrieved
from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c_xtQ-1MW6Q

Crisologo, L. A., Miro, E. D., & Palomo, E. G. (2016). General Mathematics 's Guide. Pasig City: Department of
Education-Bureau of Learning Resources (DepED-BLR).
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