HOA 4

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1. 14th When was Islam introduced in Sulu and the 15th 11. Agdan Ladder, the wooden or bamboo ladder used
century C. both at the main
in Mindanao? house and the kitchen extension.
2. Abek Mat, A mat made from reeds and laid above the 12. Agdanan Wall Sill, A horizontal wooden member placed
floor (det- above
a) for sleeping floor beams and grooved to hold the enclosing
wallboards
3. Abong WHAT DO YOU CALL A DWELLING OF
IMPOVERISHED IFUGAO NATIVES, BUILT IN 13. Ahbubul Submerged Water source, the natural source of
NONUNIFORM MEASUREMENTS USING water for the pond-field coming from the
SUBSTANDARD MATERIALS. IT IS SLIGHTLY ground.
RAISED ABOVE THE GROUND, WITH NO
14. 'Aldoh Second-course walling stone, the second layer
HALIPANS ON ITS POSTS AND CAN BE
of
ACCESSED THROUGH A SINGLE DOOR?
stones of the terraces resting above the "gonad"
4. Abuhan Cooking area, An elevated earthen fireplace with or foundation
a stone stones.
stove for cooking and layers of open shelves for
15. Alisot Bamboo siding, the external wall of the house
drying firewood and
located
smoking fish.
below the upper floor level. It is made from
5. Adixi Outer post, A square hand-hewn timber post, bamboo strips fixed
approximately twice the length of the inner post, horizontally to the external posts.
which supports the heavy roofing
16. Ambubulan A wooden square frame box attached to a king
framework and its thick cogon grass roof.
post used to carry the upper end of the rafters
6. Adog Rough Gravel Fill, Small pieces of rock or gravel thus making the apex
that pyramidal.
work both as support for the terrace stone
17. Amoto Jar for holding Water, Earthen jar used for
walling and the artificial
storing water for
pond-field.
cooking, washing and drinking purposes
7. Afong WHAT DO YOU CALL THESE DWELLINGS BY
18. Ampakan Roof Beam, A rectangular beam connecting the
THE GADDANGPERCHED ON THE HIGH
outer
BRANCHES OF TREES BUILT ABOUT 6 METERS
columns that support the roof's structural
FROM THE GROUND?
framework
8. Afung A Bontoc House. The traditional type of house in
19. Anadixiyan Girder, A rectangular member connecting posts
Bontoc,
and
Mountain Province comprised of perimeter
supporting floor beams
wooden walls enclosed in
an open living space, and central granaries. It is 20. Anayasan Tie beam, A horizontal lumber placed above
covered by a steep, the
thick roof that is almost covering the perimeter roof beam (goanan) to hold it in place.
wall. 21. Angakan Secondary Ridge Beam, A square, heavy timber
- is the Bontoc house for married couples and beam constructed above the apex of the rafters
children up to eight to provide support for
years old the rafters and the thick bamboo roofing
9. Agamang Central Granary, An elevated wooden structure, 22. Angattigan King post, the heavy, square timber placed
regarded as the heart (poso) of the house, and above the beam that supports the interior
intended for storing columns
rice grain and for offering sacrifices to the anito
23. Ang San Sleeping Area, the area utilized for sleeping
10. Agdan Ladder, A wooden ladder utilized for accessing with a tag
the (reed mat) as bed for the couple and children
granary of the house. up to eight years old.
24. Anito WHAT DO YOU CALL THE DIETY OR 37. Axeran Girt, A rectangular horizontal wooden
IDOL, ESPECIALLY REFERRING TO ITS member along the
PHYSICAL REPRESENTATION? perimeter of the house supporting the
closing wallboards and the
25. Anul Drainage conduit, an artificial stone conduit
upper roofing frameworks.
for
distributing and draining excess water 38. Babag Girder, A horizontal wood member tightly
constructed based on the secured to
natural topography of the land. the posts as support for the floor joists.
26. Arangat Shelf, The Shelf above the dishwashing area 39. Babarey Village, The settlement area in a Bontoc
used for community. The
storing plates, bowls, etc. village usually consists of ator (men's
meeting place), afong (houses),
27. Atap High-pointed arch shaped roof with layers
pabafunan (boy's dormitory), pangis (girl's
of thick cogon grass
dormitory), chap-ay(open
or nipa leaves.
space with flat stone in circular layout), and
28. Atep Roof, A steep, thick cogon roof and the akhamang (rice granary).
living space below the
40. Badjao/Bajao the second largest ethnic community in the
granary
Sulu Archipelago afterTausug. Originally,
29. Atep Roof, A steep hip roof with at/a ring base they were known as "orang
covered with selat" or "orang laut" and were living on their
thick bundles of thatch from dried cogon lepa-lepa (boats).
grass.
41. Baey ceiling, the underside of the reed mat that is
30. Atep Roof, A steep roof with thick piles of cogon laid based
grass gathered on the angle of the roof it serves as the
into bundles and inserted into the rafters. roof's undersheating
31. Ati-atig Horizontal Roof Support, the horizontal 42. Baey/Babayan An elevated, square, one-room house of the
timber with its Kankanay and lbaloi, with four thick posts
end portion tied to the bent rafters for supporting a timber upper
support and placed above the floor and steep hip type roof of cogon
vertical roof member. grass. The lower end of the roof
32. Ato WHAT DO YOU CALL A SMALL, flared out like the roof of the Bontocs and
RECTANGULAR STRUCTURE OF THE Kalingas houses.
BONTOC WHERE YOUNG AND OLD MEN 43. Bagat Upper Column, an upper wood column
SLEEP? mortised at the
33. Atop Roof, the steep pyramidal roof from thick base of the floor beams and enclosed by a
bundled cogon grass girt above.
used to provide shade from the sun and 44. Bahay Kubo Cube Shaped House, A common type of
shield the torrential rains dwelling in
34. Atup Roof, A thin layer thatch covering made lowland and coastal areas during the Pre-
from palm or coconut Hispanic Philippines.
leaves, fixed with moderate inclination to "Bahay" is a Tagalog word for house while
protect the house dwellers "kubo" is from the Spanish
from both intense heat of the sun and "cubo'~ meaning cube.
occasional rain shower. - is a one-room house, raised above the
ground to protect the
35. Austronesians The first inhabitants of the Philippine
dwellers from the dampness and humidity of
Islands arrived between 3000
the earth.
and 2000 B.C. They were of Malay-
Polynesian descendants.
36. "Austronesians" People of the Southern Islands
45. Balai The traditional type of house in Apayao with an 55. Banguerahan An elevated counter made of bamboo strips
elevated usually projecting beyond the kitchen wall
rectangular one-room structure and protected by which is used to store food
a high-pitch thatch and kitchen utensils
roof that resembles a pointed barrel vault.
56. Ban-oga Window. An opening that suggests a
46. Balangay Boathouse, an impressive boat, approximately 25 Sawang window created in the outer wall once a
meters in length and carbon-dated to 320 AD, wallboard is removed.
that was built entirely
57. Banong Dike, the topmost part of the retaining wall
of wood and used for seafaring by the ancient
(topeng)
Kingdom of Butuan.
that is relatively flat and used both as a path
47. Balangkas Framework, the skeletal structural element of a walk and water
roof confinement at the pond-field.
or wall, assembled or fitted together to handle
58. Barangay The people lived in groups of 30-100 families
the exterior elements
in societies known
or finishes
as?
48. Balangsag Bench under the house, A wooden bench placed
59. Batalan Washing Area, A small space adjacent to the
underneath the house.
cooking
49. Balatad Path walk, Stone pavers laid over muddy ground area with a service door leading outside. It is
serving used for washing hands
as a path walk from one house to another, or and feet, bathing kids and washing pots and
from one settlement to dishes
another
60. Batangan Tie beam, A rectangular timber, constructed
50. Bale/Fale The traditional lfugao house is an elevated horizontally at the mid-section of the rafters
square and to hold the two opposing
windowless one- room structure dominated by a rafters in place
high, heavy,
61. Batang A straight trunk of wood or bamboo at the
pyramidal roof.
Bubugan apex
- The framework of the bale/fale is done using
of the gable roof to support the rafters and
hand-hewn timber,
the thatch roof.
mortised without nails or hardware. It can be
disassembled, 62. Batang Ridge beam, a thick lumber at the ridge
moved and raised again on a new site within a Bubungan of the roof and kept in place by the king posts
day to provide support for
the roof's purlins.
51. Balkes Horizontal stud, A horizontal lumber placed at
the 63. Bawang Enclosed Pond-Field Surface, the area
outer mid-section of the wallboards (dingding) enclosed by
to provide additional each terrace dike that primarily functions to
reinforcement for the vertical wall boards cultivate rice.

52. Ballangan Girder, A thick rectangular lumber placed above 64. Bayanihan WHAT DO YOU CALL THE COMMUNITY
the posts (tokod) to hold them together and LABOR USUALLY DONE IN BUILDING A
provide support for the HOUSE OR TRANSPORTING IT FROM ONE
floor joist (sagpad). PLACE TO ANOTHER?

53. Banga Cooking Jar, Earthen pot used for cooking.

54. Banga Cooking Jar, A rounded small earthen container
used
primarily for cooking.
65. Bay Sinug The traditional house of the Tausug in the 72. Bubong Ridge Cover, A thick volume of cogon grass
Southern used to
Philippines. It is comprised of two or cover the space between the ridge, for both
more houses on stilts that are cogon and bamboo
connected by an elevated open space roofing materials.
serving as house extensions.
73. Bubong Roof ridge. Layers of thatch roof materials
- Tausug or "suluk" is the foremost ethnic
securely
group in Sulu then
tied at the top purlins to cover the space
followed by the Badjao (Bajau, Bajao,
between the ridge
Badyaw, SamaI or Sama),
the Yakan, the Kagayan, the lranun 74. Bubung Roof, the gable roof with moderate slope
(llanun) and the Kalibugan usually
(Subanun or Suba'a nun). made of nipa thatch material on bamboo or
- The word Tausug is said to come-from- wood purlins. The roof
the words "tau" (meaning also has an extended roof for the open deck
people) and "sug" (meaning tide), hence and built just below the
they are the "people of end of the main gable roof.
the tide." The two distinct communities of 75. Bubung Roof Ridge, the thatch at the topmost part of
the Tausug is the "tau the roof
gimba" (inland people) and the "tau to cover the ridge.
higad" (people along the
76. Bughol Rafter, Long, round tree trunks or chopped flat
shore)
boards
66. Binayon/Finaryon The traditional house in an octagonal tied to ambubulan (square box) and liub (girt)
layout or plan. In Apayao, this house is to support a roof
called binuron.
77. Bulwagan Main House, the main section of the house used
67. Binukol Primary ridge beam, A heavy square as
timber beam living, dining, and sleeping areas.
where the topmost part of the rafter's
78. Caves Early shelter of Filipinos
rests.
79. Chingching Wallboard, Hand-hewn wooden planks, laid
68. Binuron IT IS WHERE AN ISNEG WHO LIVE
horizontally above every panel, used to serve
CLOSE THE ONLY NAVIGABLE RIVER IN
as the primary wall
THE CORDILLERA REGION ARE
protection of the ground living space.
BOATMEN AND BOAT BUILDERS?
80. Chingching Lower floor wallboards, Thich wooden planks
69. Bobong Roof ridge, Layers of thick cogon grass
laid
meticulously laid above the ridge to
horizontally between external columns to serve
cover the space created along the ridge
as outer walls of the
after cogon
main house.
roof was installed.
81. Chosar Fixed wooden flood, Fixed wood flooring of
70. Bobongan Ridge beam, the topmost horizontal roof
less than
framing
2 inches which is made from square lumber and
member placed above the queen post
is attached to the
(kalasod) to support the upper
floor joist with spacing equal to its width.
section of the rafter (dagat).
82. Dabi Wallboard, the thick wood panel vertically laid
71. Bubong Roof, the steep thatch roof made from
above the
either bamboo
upper floor and tightly help by horizontal
cogon grass, anahaw leaves or nipa
beams laid at both lower and
shingles as protection and shade
upper parts of the wallboards.
from the sun and torrential rains.
83. Dagan Floor joist and Girder, the horizontal structural
member of wood or bamboo that ties and
stabilizes the wood posts and provides
support for the main living structure.
84. Dagat Rafter, A wooden member set at an angle 95. Dattagon Upper floor, the main section of the house
to hold the elevated
thick steep roof Its upper end is supported to about 1.20m used as living and sleeping area
by a queen post (kalasod)
96. Desa Floor joist, A rectangular member attached to
and on its lower end, a roof beam
the girders which keeps up to the granary
(goanan)
structure.
85. Dagtong Bamboo water containers, A whole
97. Desa Floor joist, A rectangular member attached to
bamboo with a
the girders
removable opening at one-end to hold
which keeps up the granary structure.
refilled water, usually laid near
the kitchen and bathing area. 98. Det-A Floor, the elevated interior surface of the
Kankanay
86. Daipong Stove. The hearth located at the rear
house, usually made of floorboards (sha'tal).
corner of the
house and slightly raised above the floor 99. Dindin Wallboards, Rectangular wooden panels
by thick wood panels that vertically fitted on
hold the earth. a groove of the wall sill and girt to enclosed
upper floor space.
87. Dait-Dait WHAT IS A SIMPLE WINDSCREEN OR
Wallboards can be removed if the house owner
LEAN-TO MADE FROM THE LEAVES OF
prefers an opening,
WILD BANANA, COCONUT FRONDS, OR
as window, for natural ventilation.
GRASS AND USUALLY LASHED
TOGETHER WITH A RATTAN? 100. DingDing Wall, the perimeter wall enclosure from hand-
hewn
88. Dapang or not roofed, only used for fishing and short
wooden planks lay horizontally above every
Vinta trips.
panel and built at a
89. Dapogan THE KITCHEN OF THE BAHAY KUBO IS distance from the main posts with separate wall
COMPOSED OF THE THE FOLLOWING: posts as support.
THE BATALAN, BANGUERAHAN AND THE
101. Ding Wall, the windowless vertical enclosure of the
WHAT?
Ding house
90. Dapogan Cooking area, the area, located at the rear comprised of individual thatch panels made from
section palm or coconut
of the house, used for cooking and storing leaves horizontally tied to closely spaced
kitchen implements bamboo studs.
91. Dapug WHAT IS A SQUARE SPACE 102. Dingding Upper wall, Wooden boards for sheathing
SURROUNDED BY FOUR SMALL BEAMS interior
AND CONSSTING OF LAYERS OF LEAVES walls of granary.
COVERED WITH SAND OR CLAY IN AN
103. Dingding Billboards, A rectangular wooden panel
ISNEG HOUSE?
vertically
92. Dapug Hearth. The earthen hearth of the house fitted on the grooved roof beam (goanan) and
located inside the wall sill (opop).
bamboo extension and attached to the
104. Dingding Wall, ground and tightly secured using rattan
main house. The hearth has
strips on
three (3) stones called "taxang" for
the bamboo wall studs. The wall siding is either
cooking and is originally inside the
bamboo latticework
traditional wooden house.
(sala-sala), interlaced bamboo (amakan), woven
93. Datag/Xassaran Flooring made of bamboo or rattan mat, A bamboo (sawali), or
flooring made from closely knit bamboo woven coconut leaves (sulirap).
strips or dried reed mat which
105. Djening A lepa that has outriggers, roofed, walled in on
can be removed and washed along rivers.
all sides by
94. Dati or Raha/ Leader of Barangay wooden boards
Hari or Lakan
106. Doplah Bedrock refers to the natural mountain slope or
terrain
that serves as the terrace's foundation or bed.
107. Dotal Floorboard, Rectangular wooden planks of about 116. Gaob Wallboard, Rectangular wooden planks of about
2 1 in inches
inches thick, 12-30 inches in width and 7 feet 7 thick with varying widths and heights vertically
inches in length which fitted at an angle on
are horizontally laid above floor joists as boards grooved floor beams, joists & wall headers.
in a floor.
117. Gawaan Central Floor Joist, an inverted wooden tee beam
108. Falig Granary, an elevated one-room structure that
supported by four supports the floorboards.
hand-hewn wooden posts and enclosed by
118. Gawang Door, the opening of the perimeter wall that
wooden plank walls. It is
serves
used as space for storing rice grains.
as entrance and access to the interior space.
109. Fatangan Tie Beam, a heavy timber laid above the top end
119. Gawayan Interior of the House, the spacious hall of the
of the upper post to tie together all external
main
upper posts and provide
house, without partitions and with portion of floor
hold for the timber roof's support.
adjoining wall raised
110. Fay-u WHAT IS A LARGE, OPEN-BOARD DWELLING to about 4" which can function as a seat or any
ABOUT TWELVE BY FIFTEEN SQUARE FEET, related use.
WITH SIDE WALLS THREE-AND-A-HALF FEET
120. Gibayan Main house, the only structure in a Tausug house
HIGH, AND A STEEP, HEAVY, THATCHED ROOF
that
OF BONTOCS?
is provided with nine posts and used both as
111. Fogsor Rafter, long wooden branches, tied to the roof living and sleeping
beam above areas.
the wall and to the ridge beam at the apex of the
121. Gililan Floor Sill, A whole bamboo laid around the
roof It is used to
perimeter of the
support the reed mat undersheating and thick
house used to hold and support the walls.
cogon roof
122. Goanan Roof beam, A heavy square lumber built similarly
112. Foruy The traditional house of the Kalingas. It is
as
comprised of
the wall sill (opop) but intended to hold together
an elevated, rectangular, one-room house of
the upper section of
timber materials, and
the wallboard (dingding) and provide support for
thick roofing made from 8-10 layers of cut
the roofing.
bamboo laid one above the
other. An interesting feature of the house is the 123. Gonad Foundation stone, Huge boulders that serves as
removable wall panel foundation of the terraces
for ventilation and the elevated floor along the 124. Guheng Spillway, water outlet constructed at the retaining
perimeter of the wall wall, just above the required water level of the
that can be used both for seating and sleeping pond field, as means
purposes. of passage for surplus water as well as a
113. Fot-Ang Floor Joist, Rectangular timber with coved ends, drainage conduit.
laid 125. Habong Tie Beam, a rectangular lumber or bamboo laid
horizontally with spacing approximately 0.60 across the upper section of the room to connect
meters. It is used to the two king posts.
support both wood floor and floor mat
126. Hag post, A post at the perimeter of the Tausug
114. Fuchis Beam, a secondary floor beam laid above the house.
floor joist
127. Hag Post, A piece of wood or thick bamboo that is
to provide support for the upper columns.
buried to about
115. Gangal Course Fill/Small stones. The space in a 0.60 meters below the seabed and extend
stonewalled beyond coastal waters line
terrace composed of small, broken stones /aid to about half a meter during high tide and tightly
directly on the hill's secured by floor joists
bedrock. and girder.
128. Hagabi A bench that provides status symbol for 141. Inado Vegetable Munch Mounds, an earthen mound
the rich lfugao due intended
to the cost of its construction and the for cultivating vegetables.
ceremonies involved
142. Irat Binding rafter, A horizontal roof member made
129. Hagdan Ladder, the main access to the house with from wooden
the entire branches, tied under the rafter to prevent them
framework made from bamboo or from moving
combined with wood
143. Jambatan Foot bridge
130. Haguntal Hard Earth Fill, Earth soil with pieces of
144. Jinjin Thatch House, A type of house with a timber
crushed
framed
stones or rocks that serve as pond-field
structure which uses reeds and cogon materials
soil bedding.
for its walls and roof.
131. Haligi Post, A whole bamboo, vertically set up to
145. Kaew Floorboard, Thick, hand-hewn wooden planks
support the floor
as floor panels
and roof members. A post buried on the
of the granary.
ground is called binaon
(buried) and a post set up above a stone 146. Kalasod Queen Post, the upright member of the roof
slab is referred to as frame
pinatong (placed on). placed above the tie beam (anayasan) to
support the rafter (dagat).
132. Halipan Cylindrical Disk, A wooden disk of about
2-14 inches 147. Kamadid An Ivatan type of house with its enclosing's
thick and 36-40 inches in diameter, placed lower
along the upper portion of portion built of wood, while the upper portion
the post to prevent rats from entering the is built of cogon grass. It
house. has a thick hip type cogon roof

133. Hanglad Roof beam, the perimeter beams above 148. Kamalig WHAT IS A BARN, GRANARY, OR
the upper STOREHOUSE, SEPARATE FROM THE MAIN
end portion of the posts used to support HOUSE OF A BAHAY KUBO?
the roof structure and the 149. Kamalig Storage space, an elevated wooden platform
perimeter wall. for
134. Hanglad Girder, A thick lumber or bamboo which storing baskets and pots.
holds the 150. Kammanga Wall sill, A horizontal timber resting above the
floor joists of the house floor joist used to hold up the granary
135. Harren Ladder, Removable wooden or bamboo wallboards
ladder 151. Kasaw Purlin, Pieces of wood or whole bamboo laid
136. Harunan Ladder, A thick piece of lumber tightly horizontally and securely tied above the rafters
secured to the to support the thatch
girder to serve as ladder with a carved roof
and closely spaced conical- 152. Kasaw Purlins, the bamboo or wood branches placed
shaped footrest above
137. Harunan/Harun Ladder of a Badjao House the rafter to hold the thatch roof.

138. Huklub Transverse Beam, A chest level transverse 153. Kuling Girder, A wood transverse girder, 12-14 inches
wooden thick,
beam where wallboards are rabbeted 14-16 inches in depth and 12-14feet long, with a
flat top surface and
139. Idjang rock-hewn fortress in Sabtang, Batanes.
a rounded base. This member holds the posts
140. Ina Main Interior Post, the interior timber post and holds up the floor
that supports the beams and central floor joist.
wood structure serving as the main living
space.
154. Kulung Hip rafter, a rafter supporting the ends of the roof's 167. Lubing Lubing Rafter, A piece of bamboo or wood placed
sloping sides, that provides additional support for above
the traversing the tie and ridge beams to support the
salilihan (rafter). thatch roof.
155. Lamin Lady's dormitory tower. 168. Lubing-Lubing Rafter, a rectangular lumber providing
support on the ridge beam at its upper end
156. Lantay Floor, Small strips of bamboo that is closely laid
and the purlins throughout
above the
its length.
floor joist and girder, to serve as the floor of the
house 169. Luma The traditional Badjao Landhouse.
157. Lawang Door, An opening in the main house functioning as 170. LumahK House, The traditional house of the Yakans
access to adjoining spaces. It is often provided in the
with a removable mountainous interior of Basilan Island. It is
enclosing panel. an elevated, rectangular,
one room structure with few small windows
158. Lawang Drain Gutter, A shallow drain canal, located just
and protected by a high-
below the
pitch thatch roof.
roof eaves, and constructed along the perimeter
- The interior of the one-room house is
of the house to
divided into kokan (sleeping
capture and redirect rainwater.
area) or tindakan (multi-use living space),
159. Lawig Small House pantan or simpey
160. Lepa traditional Badjao Boat House (porch), and kosina (kitchen) by a 0.25 meter
by 0.25-meter
161. Libut A type of Tausug Roofing composed of pyramidal
patung (wooden fl itch). The house also has
roof
angkap (mezzanine)
vents at the apex.
for girls above the sleeping area.
162. Li-im Eating Area, the most spacious in the house since - The houses are traditionally built scattered
it contains among the fields or
only an elevated stick rack (patyay) suspended on clustered around the langgal (mosque).
the wall, and the - Yakan house is often used from 10-15 years
water jar (panannom) in one corner. then will be
STORED IN THE PATYAY ARE THE FOLLOWING: dismantled, rebuilt, or built using new
a. khyag (rattan plates) materials besides the
b. palato (enamel plates) previous site
c. ungot (coconut shells or wooden bowls)
171. Lungib/Kweba Cave, A natural chamber on the side of a
d. tasa (enamel cups)
hill
e. mallakong (enamel bowls)
utilized as one of the earliest forms of
f. fanilag (rattan trays)
dwelling. The Tabon Cave in
g. fanga (pots
southwest of Pala wan is one of the oldest
163. Liub Girt, A horizontal timber resting above the upper and largest caves with an
columns approximate length of 41.00 meters and an
to support the rafters of the roof and the central opening of 8.00 meters in
cross beam height and 16.00 min width.
164. Liug Central post, the shortest column placed at the 172. Lutud Floor joist, the horizontal timber beam
center of constructed
the house to hold the crossing floor beams. This above the interior posts used to hold the
post is the first post post together and to provide
to be erected and represents the navel (pipul) of support for the main floor
the human body
173. Lutud Floor Joist, the horizontal timber beam
165. Lobong Water, the irrigated water from the forest, naturally constructed
distributed to every rice field to foster rice growth above the interior posts used to hold the
166. Lomeng Pig pen, A shallow pit enclosed with stones and post together and to provide
boulders intended as pigs' pen support for the main floor.
174. Luyo Worked Pond-field Soil, the soil that is 189. Pagnutih Floor joist, Parallel horizontal wood
ploughed, planted members placed above the girders that
with rice, and provided with proper water hold together the main
irrigation. pos
175. Mala-a- Traditional Large House 190. Pakaw Rafter, 4 "x4 "parallel wood beams attached
walai to the
ridge and the roof beams to support the
176. Manalbag Purlin, Small pieces of timber laid
thick and heavy cogon grass
Sakalab horizontally above the rafters used to bind the
roof.
rafters together and
provide a member where bamboo roofing could 191. Palan Attic, the third level space of an Ifugao
be tied. house with reed mat
flooring and used as storage area for rice
177. Manukdon Rafter, a rectangular timber roof
grans.
Salakab member, laid at an angle above the upper tie
beam and the lower roof 192. Palimsa-an Tie Beam, the structural element of wood or
beam. It is used to hold and provide support for bamboo
the thick and the that encloses the top-most portion of the
heavy bamboo roof. wall and provides support to
the rafters.
178. Maytuab This type of house under rakuh or kusina has
stone 193. Pamatuk Wall post, the post intended primarily to
and lime walls with a distinct four-sloped roof. reinforce the
perimeter wall.
179. Maytuab A KIND OF RAKUH WITH A FOUR SLOPED-
ROOF 194. Pamobbongan Ridge beam, A horizontal wooden section
at
180. Mundilig Outer end Floor Joist, Side-end floor beams
the apex of the sloping roof which supports
above
the upper end of the
the girder with right angle grooves to receive
rafters.
the floorboards.
195. Panabfongan Ridge beam, A bundle of two to three
181. Na-Ulya Female Side, the space inside an Ifugao house
wood
intended for the wife. It has a much smaller
branches, tied securely as one, horizontally
space due to the presence
laid at the apex of the roof
of the fireplace (punchapafan).
to hold up the upper end of rafters.
182. Nine HOW MANY POSTS ARE THERE IN A BAI
196. Pananuman Water container, an earthen vessel used for
SINUG DWELLING? (SPELL OUT THE NUMBER)
holding water intended for drinking and
183. Nipa THE PLANT USED TO ESTABLISH A THATCH cooking.
ROOF?
197. Pangañivucan Roof Beam, A long piece of heavy 6"x6"
184. Nundatu Male Side, the spacious section inside the house square timber resting above the longer wall
intended for the male head of the family. of the house to support
185. Okong Upper Floor wallboards, Thick timber planks the roof's rafters.
laid 198. Pang Gong Receiving area, A space intended to receive
vertically between the roof beam and the floor and
sill. entertain guests.
186. Opop Wall sill, A rectangular lumber horizontally laid 199. Pangtew Door, the removable wood panel intended
above the as entry
floor joist (sagpod) around the perimeter of the way.
house. It is provided
200. Pang-Tuud King Post, the central timber post that
with a groove at its upper portion to hold the
extends
wallboard (dingding).
beyond the perimeter wall to support the
187. Oway Roof Undersheating, Closely- knit reeds, gable-end wall and the ridge
parallel to the ridge of the roof.
beam, as brace for the cogon grass roof.
188. Padurot Length of the house
201. Paninjinan Wall stud, A 4" diameter piece of log 212. Payo stonewalled terrace pond-field, A series of
vertically laid stonewalled
in parallel with the post to support the structures, usually 3 .00 meters in height,
lightweight cogon wall. Its lower built in a hillside and
end is buried about 24" underground and designed primarily as rice fields.
the upper end is fastened
213. Pinanahang Lean-to, A form of dwelling common to the
to the roof beam.
Negritos,
202. Panolong (decorative beam ends) are often with pako an ethnic group regarded as wanderers,
rabong and naga carvings. hunters, and farmers
practicing slash and burn agriculture even
203. Pantan Open space, an elevated, open extension
during the Hispanic period.
used as a
The lean-to is a single-pitched structure of
hall, living space, and place where fruits,
grass or thatch on wood
vegetables, and fishing
branches framing with the lower end resting
implements are kept.
on the ground and the
204. Paratok Upper column, An independent interior upper end supported by wood posts.
post not the
214. Pisipis Sill and roof beam, Square, hand-hewn
extension of the group posts.
beam laid
205. Parey Corner post, A vertical piece of log, about horizontally between vertical wallboards
7'' in diameter, which Junction as a wall sill
situated at the corner of the house and and a roof beam.
buried at least 1.00 m deep to
215. Pognad Stone Foundation, Huge stones that serve
hold up the roof beams
as
206. Pasibi Lean-to Roof, A single slope extension of a foundation of the house as well as
gable or hip type protection from the ground termites
roof. and moisture.
207. Pasunen King Post, A vertical piece of log, about 12" 216. Pongo bent rafter, A thick rectangular lumber, hand
in hewn into
diameter, situated at the center of the bent form, and tied to the ridge and roof
shorter wall of the house to bear beams to support the cogon
the ridge beam of the roof grass roof.
208. Patang Girder, A rectangular timber beam placed 217. Pre-Hispanic were characterized by rectangular
on the House structures elevated on stilt foundations and
upper end of the interior posts to restrict its covered by voluminous
movement and to provide thatched roofs ornamented with gable
support for the floor joists resting above finials and its structure can
these beams. be lifted as a whole and carried to a new
209. Patrie Shelf, A shelf formed by fitting rectangular site.
wood boards from 218. Pudis floor beam, A beam, laid horizontally
the wall header to the roof above floor joist to
210. Patukuran Secondary Beam, A whole bamboo laid hold together the base of the lower
over the main beam (yawi) to carry the column.
floor joist (soleras). 219. Pumpudungan Property marker, A marker that is intended
211. Patuna/Pantud King Post, A hand-hewn lumber, vertically to
fitted identify the limit of one's property,
on its ends with mortise joints to the tie and especially in a rice field.
collar beams, used to 220. Punchapalan Fireplace, an earthen fireplace about 3-5
provide additional support to the heavy square
roof. feet with layers of open shelf used for
drying firewood and stacks of
rice and preserving other food
221. Pusal King post, A vertical member often in a form like 232. Sakkar Tie Beam, A camber-shaped rectangular beam
a that holds
baluster with belly base, placed above the tie the roof beam on its ends to keep the roof
and roof beams to beam in place.
reinforce the ridge beam.
233. Sakong Ridge Cover, A thick bundle of cogon laid to
222. Rahaung An Ivatan structure used as a working area and a cover the
place of storage for fishing implements. The ridge of the roof.
structure does not have
234. Salat Tie beam, Wood members horizontally tied
any wall enclosure, exposing posts that support
above the
the roof, and the thick
roof beams to keep the wooden posts and roof
gable cogon roof, either with or without gable
beams in place.
wall, made from cogon and reeds.
235. Salilihan Rafter, Long pieces of wooden lumber set at an
223. Rakuh Thick thatch, walls mortared with stone or
angle as primary framework support for the
plastered
thatch roofing.
with white lime. Wooden post and lintel
framework is implanted in the 236. Salsal Joist, a whole bamboo laid horizontally at
walls. about 0.40-
0.60 meter spacing to support the flooring of
224. Rarat Roof Undersheating. An undersheating for the
the house
roof made
from closely-knit dried reed grass which forms a 237. Samal Traditional SamaI house are elevated
mat. House rectangular one-room structures near the
coastal waters of Southern
225. Ribayan Eaves, The lower end of the thick cogon roof
Mindanao, Palawan, Zamboanga, and Sulu
projecting
archipelago. These
beyond the wallboards.
houses are directly built on shallow water and
226. Sagaang Shelf, A series of horizontal wood framed connected to the shore
structures by a pantan (bridge) o directly built on solid
above the cooking area with closely spaced ground.
wooden base. It is used
238. Sampayan Roof beam, long wooden pieces of lumber,
to hold objects or kitchen implements
horizontally laid and firmly attached to the
227. Sagang Railing, A waist-level railing, made using topmost portion of the post
bamboo, used as to support the roof and its tie beams.
an enclosed and protected porch area.
239. Sapawan Ridge beam, A 4 "x4" wood beam at the ridge
228. Sagpad Floor joist, three pieces of heavy rectangular of the
lumber roof to support the upper ends of the rafters.
with coved ends laid horizontally above the
240. Sapditan Binding Rafter, A horizontal lumber placed
girder (ballangan) to
above
provide support for the wall sill (opop) and
the flared-out rafter (tikel) to hold them in place.
floorboards (sha'tal).
241. Sawang Door, the opening in both exterior and interior
229. Sagpatan Shelf, A thick flat piece of wood fastened
walls
horizontally on a wall to hold objects.
that serves as entrance and access to adjoining
230. Sahig Floor, Bamboo strips laid perpendicular to the spaces
floor joists,
242. Sedngal Inclined support, A square piece of lumber set
either closely laid or with ample spaces,
at an
allowing natural air to enter
angle above the wall sill (opop) to hold up the
through the floor.
flaring section of the
231. Sakiatan Stone stair, the base of the wood ladder (tetey) roof, particularly the flared-out rafter (tikel
constructed of stones laid one above the other.
243. Segpan Doorway, An opening as entrance into the
house.
244. Sha'Tal Floorboard, Rectangular wood planks laid 256. Soklut Cooking Area, the area, at the left corner
horizontally of the house, is
above the floor joist (sag pad) to serve as intended for cooking and as fireplace for
floor (det-a) of the interior the adjoining sleeping area.
of the house.
257. Soleras Floor Joist, A whole bamboo laid parallel
245. Sibi Eaves, the portion of the thatch roof that with each other
extends beyond the of about 12 to 15inches over the
wall. secondary beam (patukuran) as
support for the flooring.
246. Sidung/Linung Basement, the unusable space below the
house 258. Soling Girder, A rectangular beam providing
primarily intended to keep the house from support for the
dampness and humidity of floorboard and the interior columns.
the ground.
259. Sotan/Lamdaw Window A portion along the exterior wall
247. Silong Basement, the space underneath the main where
house with wallboards can be removed to have an
stone pavement aligned with the edge of opening for windows.
the roof eaves.
260. Sunga A type of Tausug Roofing composed of
248. Silong Underneath the house, an enclosed/open hipped roof with
space under the triangular vents
house where harvests are stored, tools and
261. Supit Reed Mat Tie, A rattan strip parallel to the
implement are kept, and
rafters laid
livestock (chicken, pigs, goats) are tended.
above and tied to the reed mat.
249. Sinadumparan This type of house is the common two-
262. Tabungan Gable opening, an opening above the
sloped
upper-end of the
roof of either the rakuh or the kusina.
gable wall used as smoke exhaust.
250. Singit-Tukod Stone Peg, Stone boulders inserted at
263. Tadawag/Baday Rafter, A thin, pliable board, hand-hewn
timber
into
posts to fix and restrict the posts'
bent form, tied to the ridge beam at the
movement.
apex of the roof and the roof
251. Sinit Inner post, A square hand-hewn timber beam above the wall to support the thick
post supporting the cogon grass roof.
elevated floor space.
264. Tadjuk Pasung Bargeboard-end decoration. The
252. Sipi Elevated Flooring, the side portion inside decoration
the house, at the upper end of the bargeboard which
running from front to rear walls, that is covers the projecting end
elevated to about 4 inches from of the gable. The decoration is usually in
the main floor. the form of a sea-serpent
(naga) or a bird (manuk-manuk).
253. Soba Breadth of the house, The overall width of
the main house. 265. Taknang King Post, the vertical wooden member
where the
254. Sogwas/Dola Basement, the portion of the main house,
square box supporting the pyramidal roof
below the ground level which is sometimes
is attached.
used as a working area
266. Talabawan Ridge Beam, A horizontal member at the
255. Sokar Collar beam, A three-layer wooden branch,
apex of the
placed below
roof, made from wood branches and used
the binding rafter which serves to tie and
to support the roof of the
unite the two opposing bent
house
rafters.
267. Talaxatag Wood Floor, A fixed wooden floor
attached to the floor
joist with spacing, almost twice its size.
268. Talob Roof, Thick roofing made from 8-10 layers of 280. Tey-Tey Ladder, A wooden ladder, made from branches
bamboo, of trees,
cut into halves with the lower layers laid in intended for accessing the central granary
concave arrangement and
281. Tikel Flared-out rafter, A secondary rafter that is
the upper layer in convex layout covering the
attached to
concave joints and the
the main rafter and provided with an inclined.
rest.
support. It is installed
269. Tandiwan Window, the small opening built about 1.10 with a different angle of inclination from the main
meters rafter to create a flaring lower base roof
above the interior floor and selectively placed
282. Tinokbob One of the earliest houses in Sagada,
along the perimeter
windowless
wall.
with a thick and steep roof intended to withstand
270. Tap-an Pounding Area, the section of the house with the cold weather
stone conditions.
pavement and a pounding hole where the task
283. Tiyadtad Split bamboo wall, a wall covering made from
of pounding rice is
split
done
bamboos /aid vertically at the exterior portion of
271. Tapi Floor beam, A horizontal timber member the wall.
attached above the
284. Todog Roof undersheating, A horizontal support for
floor joist and the outer post to provide support
roof grass
for the raised section
made from "runo" sticks.
of the floor.
285. Tokdoan Bench, A wooden bench inside the house.
272. Ta'Ray Vertical roof support, two pieces of vertical
timber 286. Tokod Post, A vertical upright member made of heavy,
constructed above the tie beam used to hold square
the horizontal roof timber used to reinforce the entire elevated
support at its upper ends. structure.

273. Tatagon Floor (mat), The main floor made from closely 287. Tokod Post, A square wood post used to support the
knit roof and
bamboo strips or dried reeds and tied with the lower horizontal plank wall.
rattan to form a mat. It can 288. Tokod Post, A heavy square or circular member as
be removed for cleaning and washing support for both
274. Tau' Fish Sump, A low portion in an enclosed pond- granary and roof structures.
field that is 289. Toldog Floor Joist, A hand-hewn rectangular lumber with
usually stocked with mudfish. cove
275. Tau't Batu Indigenous Filipinos who still continue the ends laid above the posts to hold the flooring.
primeval 290. Topeng Stone Retaining Wall quarried angular broken
practice of living in caves to his date. stones
276. Taytayan Catwalk approaching a badjao House laid in a slight angle, one above the other, to
serve as terrace walling.
277. Taytayan- Roof beam, the lumber or bamboo laid
Tikus horizontally throughout the perimeter of the 291. Torogan Traditional Maranao house, ancestral residence of
wall to hold the upper-end the datu and his extended family.
portion of the posts. 292. Torok Undersheating, the reed mat undersheating
278. Teteh Ladder, A wooden or bamboo ladder which can utilized as
be roof thatch and interior space ceiling.
removed and hanged on the wall for security
and protection.
279. Tetey Wood Ladder, A fixed wooden or bamboo
ladder
intended for climbing up or down the house.
293. Tree A single-room house of light materials that are 303. Vernacular is architecture characterized using
House either Architecture local materials and knowledge, usually
integrally built on high trees or above a tree without the supervision of
stump serving as the professional architects. Vernacular
house's main support. architecture represents most
TREE DWELLERS IN THE PHILIPPINES: buildings and settlements created in pre-
a. Gaddang and Kalinga of Luzon industrial societies and
b. Manobos and Mandaya of Mindanao includes a very wide range of buildings,
c. Moros of Lake Lanao building traditions, and
d. Negritos of Bukidnon and Northcentral methods of construction. Vernacular
e. Mindanao buildings are typically simple and
f. Bagobo of Davao practical, whether residential houses or
g. Mandaya built for other purposes.
h. Bilaan
304. Vuvong Lower Ridge Cover, the lower portion of
i. Llongot
the ridge
294. Tukah Tie Beam, A 4"x6" piece of timber with both of its cover that is tightly pressed by the top
ends layer of yayis or battens
connected by lap joints to the roof beams to keep
305. Wanan Purlins, A horizontal member of a roof
them from
made from split
spreading.
bamboo and rono sticks laid out across the
295. Tukalog stud, Secondary posts along the perimeter of the rafters and tied by rattan
wall used as vertical support for the exterior vines.
thatch wall.
306. Yawi Main Beam, A whole bamboo, horizontally
296. Tukud Post, made of large round logs, 8-12 inches wide laid to define the
by 6-10 perimeter of the house and tied firmly on
feet in length and buried about 2-3 feet below the each post with rattan strips.
ground and secured in with stone boulders around
297. Tukud External Post, the external timber post supporting
the
thick, heavy roof and the external wallboard
298. Tunglob Gable Wall, the triangular portion of the upper
exterior wall found below the sloping rafters,
covered with strip
bamboo and laid horizontally.
299. Tu-od Post, the square-sized internal or external post
that is
made from hand-hewn lumber.
300. Ubong King Post, the central post of the house located at
the
portion with gable walls and used as support of
the ridge beam.
301. Ubung Tie beam, A rectangular lumber that runs across
the
upper portion of the roof to connect the central
columns and provide
support for the king post.
302. Ulum Post, the vertical piece of log or timber that is
buried in
the ground to hold both the upper floor structure
and the roof