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1. Computer Networks

1.1 Protocol stack, switching

1.2. Link Layer: services, error detection and correction, multiple access
protocols, LAN addressing and ARP (Address Resolution Protocol), Ethernet,
CSMA/CD multiple access protocol, Hubs, Bridges, and Switches, Wireless
LANs, PPP (Point to Point Protocol), Wide area protocols
1.3. Network Layer: services, datagram and virtual circuits, routing principles and
algorithms, Internet Protocol (IP), IP addressing, IP transport, fragmentation and
assembly, ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol), routing on the internet, RIP
(Routing Information Protocol), OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), router internals,
IPv6)
1.4. Transport Layer: principles, multiplexing and demultiplexing, UDP, TCP,
flow control, principles of congestion control, TCP congestion control
1.5. Application Layer: Web and Web caching, FTP (File Transfer Protocol),
Electronic mail, DNS (Domain Name Service), socket programming)
1.6. Distributed system, Clusters General concept of IT planning.

2. Structured and object-oriented programming

2.1 Data types, ADT

2.2 Operators, variables and assignments, control structures
2.3 Procedure/function

2
 2.4 Class definitions, encapsulation, inheritance, object
composition,Polymorphism
2.5 Pattern and framework

3. Artificial Intelligence

3.1 Search
3.2 Natural Language Processing
3.3 Game Playing
3.4 Learning
3.5 Automated reasoning
3.6 Planning
3.7 Vision and Robotics

4. Data structures

4.1 General concepts: Abstract data Type, Time and space analysis of algorithms,
Big oh andtheta notations, Average, best and worst-case analysis
4.2 Linear data structures
4.3 Trees: General and binary trees, Representations and traversals, Binarysearch
trees, balancing trees, AVL trees, 2-3 trees, red-black trees, self-adjusting trees,
Splay Trees
4.4 Algorithm design techniques: Greedy methods, Priority queue
search,Exhaustive search, Divide and conquer, Dynamic programming, Recursion
4.5 Hashing
4.6 Graphs and digraphs
4.7 Sorting

5. Computer Architecture &Organization and Micro-processors

5.1 Basic Structures: sequential circuits, design procedure, state table and state
diagram, VonNeumann / Harvard architecture, RISC/CISC architecture
5.2 Addressing Methods and Programs, representation of data,
arithmeticoperations, basic operational concepts, bus structures, instruction, cycle
andexcitation cycle.
5.3 Processing Unit: instruction formats, arithmetic and logical instruction.
5.4 addressing modes
5.5 Input Output Organization: I/O programming, memory mapped I/O,
basicinterrupt system, DMA
5.6 Arithmetic
5.7 Memory Systems
5.8 808X and Intel microprocessors: programming and interfacing

3
6. Digital Design

6.1 Digital and Analog Systemsm, Number Systems.

6.2 Logic Elements
6.3 Combinational Logic Circuits
6.4 Sequential Logic
6.5 Arithmetic Circuits
6.6 MSI Logic circuits
6.7 Counters and Registers
6.8 IC logic families
6.9 Interfacing with Analog Devices
6.10 Memory Devices

7. Software Engineering

7.1 Software process: The software lifecycle models, risk-driven approaches

7.2 Software Project management: Relationship to lifecycle, project planning,
project control,project organization, risk management, cost models,configuration
management, version control, quality assurance, metrics
7.3 Software requirements: Requirements analysis, requirements solicitation,
analysis tools, requirements definition, requirements specification, static
anddynamic specifications,requirements review.
7.4 Software design: Design for reuse, design for change, design notations, design
evaluation and validation
7.5 Implementation: Programming standards and procedures, modularity, data
abstraction, static analysis, unit testing, integration testing, regression testing,
tools for testing, fault tolerance
7.6 Maintenance: The maintenance problem, the nature of maintenance, planning
for maintenance
7.7 Software Engineering (SE) issues: Formal methods, tools and environments
for software engineering, role of programming paradigm, process maturity and
Improvement, International Organization for Standardization (ISO)standards,
Software Engineering Institute Capability Maturity Model (SEI-CMM),
Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) Tools.

8. Database Management System

8.1 Introduction: The relational model, ER model, SQL, Functional dependency

and relational database design, File structure
8.2 Transaction Management and Concurrency Control: Concurrent execution of
the user programs, transactions, Concurrency control techniques
8.3 Crash Recovery: types of failure, Recovery techniques
8.4 Query Processing and Optimization
8.5 Indexing: Hash based indexing, Tree based indexing
8.6 Distributed Database Systems and Object-oriented database system

4
 8.7 Data Mining and Data Warehousing
8.8 Security Management System

9. Operating System

9.1 Processes and Threads: Symmetric Multiprocessing, Micro-kernels,

Concurrency, Mutual Exclusion and Synchronization, Deadlock.
9.2 Scheduling
9.3 Memory Management
9.4 Input Output and Files: I/O devices and its organization, Principles of
I/Osoftware and hardware, Disks, Files and directories organization, File
SystemImplementation.
9.5 Distributed Systems: Distributed Message passing, RPC,
Client/ServerComputing, Clusters.
9.6 Security: Authentication and Access Authorization, System Flaws andAttacks,
Trusted system

10. Management Information System (MIS) and Web Engineering

10.1 Information Systems, Client-Server Computing.

10.2 Information Systems and Decision Making.
10.3 Database Design issues
10.4 Knowledge Management, The strategic use of Information Technology.
10.5 Work Process Redesign (Reengineering) with Information Technology,
Enterprise Resources Planning Systems, Information Systems Security,
Information Privacy, and Global Information Technology issues.
10.6 Software Supported Demonstrations including advanced Spreadsheet topics,
Software Component Based Systems (CBSE),
10.7 Multimedia
10.8 Object-Oriented Programming with COMS & DECOMS,
10.9 Group Decision Support Systems
10.10 Basics of Website Design.

11. E-Commerce Technology

11.1 Introduction to E-Commerce.

11.2 Electronic Commerce Strategies.
11.3 Electronic Commerce Security Issues.
11.4 Success Models of E-Governance.
11.5 E-Business: b2b, b2c, b2e, c2c, g2g, g2c.
11.6 Principles of Electronic Payment, Strategies & Systems.
11.7 E-marketing, Reverse Engineering.
11.8 E-Banking, Electronic data interchange (EDI) Methods, SWIFT.
11.9 Encryption and Decryption Methods, XML, Layout Managers, Event Model.

12. System Analysis and Design Project Management

5
 12.1 Defining the System, System Owner, System User, System Designers and
system Builders, System Analysts, Variations on the System Analyst title, System
life Cycle,
12.2 The System Design Environment: Development Process, Management
Process, System Structure, Basic Component of Computer based Information
System, Personal/ Centralized/Distribution System.
12.3 Concept formations: Introduction, Finding the Problem, Evaluating the
Proposal, Technical Feasibility, Operational Feasibility, Economic Feasibility.
12.4 Requirements analysis: Representing System Analysis Model, Requirement
Model, Design Model,
12.5 Development Process: Design Method.
12.6 Entity Relationship Diagram (E-R Diagram): Notations, Entities: Strong
Entities, Weak Entities, Attributes: Simple and Composite, Single Valued and
Multiple Valued, Null and Derived Attribute.
12.7 Relationship Sets: Degree of Relationship and Cardinality Relationship,
Specialization, Generalization, Aggregation.
12.8 Data Flow Diagrams (DFDs): Introductions, Data flow Diagram, Symbol,
Files or data store, External entities, Data flows,
12.9 Describing System by Data Flow Diagram: Context diagram, Top level
DFD, Expansion Level DFD, Conversions of Data.
12.10 Object Modeling: Object -Oriented Concept, Object Structure, Object
Feature, Class and Object.
12.11 Representation: Association and Composition, Inheritance, Multiple
Inheritances.
12.12 Modeling: Use Case Diagram, State Diagram, Event Flow Diagram.

13. IT in Nepal

13.1 History of IT in Nepal

13.2 National Information and Communication Technology Policy,2015
13.3 Electronic Transaction Act, 2063 B.S.
13.4 Copyright Act, 2059 B.S.
13.5 Nepali Unicode, Nepali Fonts

14. Social Security Fund

14.1 Introduction to Social Security Fund

14.2 Vision, Mission and Objectives of Social Security Fund
14.3 Organizational Structure of Social Security Fund
14.4 नेऩाऱको संविधान २०७२
14.5 सामाजिक सरु ऺाको अिधारणा
14.6 योगदानमा आधाररत सामाजिक सरु ऺा ऐन, २०७४
14.7 योगदानमा आधाररत सामाजिक सरु ऺा ननयमािऱी, २०७५
14.8 सामाजिक सरु ऺा कोषको (कममचारी प्रशासन) विननयमािऱी, २०७५

6
14.9 सामाजिक सरु ऺा योिना संचाऱन कायमविधध, २०७५
14.10 रोिगारदाता र श्रममकको सधु चकरण सम्बन्धी कायमविधध, २०७५
14.11 श्रम ऐन, २०७४
14.12 श्रम ननयमािऱी, २०७५
14.13 बोनस ऐन, २०३०
14.13 बोनस ननयमािऱी, २०३९
14.14 कोषको रकम (िाणणज्य बैंकहरुमा) ऱगानन गने कायमविधध, २०७५

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