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a=b=c, α=β=γ=90° P, I, F P, I P, I, F, C P P P, A P P: Primitive or simple, I: Body centred, F: Face centred, A, B or C: End-centred or Base-centred

This document provides information and questions for an experiment on crystallography. It introduces the seven crystal systems, their characteristic symmetries, Bravais lattices, and conventions. Students are asked to visualize crystal structures, identify Bravais lattices that do not exist, draw planes and directions on crystal lattices, determine Miller indices, and apply the Weiss zone law. Questions involve sketching symmetry elements, listing nonexistent Bravais lattices, explaining why some do not exist with diagrams, adding points to a lattice, determining lattice types, indexing planes, drawing planes on a cubic lattice, and relating interplanar spacing to Miller indices.

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Kushagra Gupta
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161 views3 pages

a=b=c, α=β=γ=90° P, I, F P, I P, I, F, C P P P, A P P: Primitive or simple, I: Body centred, F: Face centred, A, B or C: End-centred or Base-centred

This document provides information and questions for an experiment on crystallography. It introduces the seven crystal systems, their characteristic symmetries, Bravais lattices, and conventions. Students are asked to visualize crystal structures, identify Bravais lattices that do not exist, draw planes and directions on crystal lattices, determine Miller indices, and apply the Weiss zone law. Questions involve sketching symmetry elements, listing nonexistent Bravais lattices, explaining why some do not exist with diagrams, adding points to a lattice, determining lattice types, indexing planes, drawing planes on a cubic lattice, and relating interplanar spacing to Miller indices.

Uploaded by

Kushagra Gupta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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APL 102: Introduction to Material Science and Engineering – Lab session

Experiment 2: Three-Dimensional Bravais Lattices and Miller Indices


Maximum marks: 25

Characteristic Convention Unit Bravais


Crystal system
Symmetry CellShape Lattices
Cubic Four three-fold axes a=b=c, α=β=γ=90° P, I, F
Tetragonal A single four-fold axis a=b≠c, α=β= γ =90° P, I
Orthorhombic Three two-fold axes a≠b≠c, α=β= γ =90° P, I, F, C
Hexagonal One six-fold axis a=b≠c, α=β=90°, γ =120 P
Rhombohedral A single three-fold axis a=b=c, α=β= γ ≠90° P
Or Trigonal
Monoclinic A single two-fold axis a≠b≠c,α=β=90°,≠ γ P, A
Triclinic None a≠b≠c,α≠β≠ γ P
P: Primitive or simple, I: Body centred, F: Face centred,
A, B or C: End-centred or Base-centred.

1. You may use the online resource at:


https://wileyassets.s3.amazonaws.com/VMSE/index.html#1/#0 to look at each of the
crystal systems and rotate them to get a feeling for what they look like. For each of the
crystal systems, mark and sketch the positions of the characteristic symmetry elements.
You MUST draw these with a pen/pencil and paper. Software visualizations may not
be copy pasted. [3.5 marks]

Note: The virtual MSE site will also allow you to get practice with planes and directions, so
make sure you make the most of those features.

2. As there are fourteen Bravais lattices. List in format given below, the systems that do
not exist. [2 marks]
S. Characteristic Crystal Conventional Unit
Bravais Lattice
No. symmetry system cell Parameters
1

3. With the help of well labelled diagrams, draw and explain why any 4 of these do not
exist. The 4 you choose must belong to different crystal systems. [4 marks]

1
4. Draw a simple cubic lattice. Add additional points at mid-point of the edges of the unit
cell. Is this new set of points a lattice? If yes, what is its Bravais type? If no, why not?
[2.5 marks]
5. The unit cell (non-conventional) of an orthorhombic crystal contains atoms of same
kind located only at 0,1/2,0; and 1/2,0,1/2. Determine their Bravais lattices [3 marks]
6. A view of a 3D lattice is provided. Each little cube is a unit cell. Using the axes shown
as your reference axes, index the set of planes marked I to III. Remember that for
different planes you may choose different points as origin. [3 marks]

Z
III

c b

II

7. On a cubic lattice, draw the (1̅12̅) and (2̅1̅2) planes. Find by the inspection of the
figure, the lattice direction [uvw] common to both (1̅12̅) and (2̅1̅2), and highlight it.
[2 marks]

8. Confirm the answer to problem (7) using the Weiss zone law. [1 marks]

9. Show that for a cubic crystal of edge length 𝑎, the interplanar spacing 𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙 is given by
𝑎
𝑑ℎ𝑘𝑙 = √ℎ2 2 2 . [2 marks]
+𝑘 +𝑙

10. Find the Miller indices of the set of parallel planes shown in the unit cells below. For
each set of planes you have to select a suitable corner of the unit cell as your origin.
Indicate the choice of origin in your diagram. [1 marks]

2
Z

Y
X

11. Determine the indices for the planes shown in the following hexagonal unit cells [1
marks]

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