— ee ES gona sept she paper, ete sentences and questions using these 1 They would Ae /3€e/ the Woody Alen fim 2 winattime /you / ould rather’ meet? 3 Who / would Hike ! order / eggs tor breakfast? ab they /tather/ Would / watch TV or go out? ‘ord and phrases. 5S [ason / would like / ave /3 large cont 6 Verather ( rent /a sci tlm tonight. 7 Her parents / rather / not! vzatch / anything too violent, 8 Who'd rather / mot see that silly animated film? er of popcorn. 15 Contec the erors in these sentences, ALT wooldieatosed He wordy Aleem Ake 1 (sane mR R ar a ORG Surat time word yor ceaner' wees 3 2 She would lke buy a ticket to tonight's show. + who woud Wec40 ordre cag tor lace a 3 Myfoends would tke download maviestrom the internet, ‘t= 1u2Ud Heel Va, uhach TV orgo ov 4 Would they rather to see an animated fitm than an action film? >” [Aion woul! Une, OvncuB large container : ; 5 Do they rather s¢e movies at home? dvotlw veut or eeigna . 6 Who would like goto the late show tonight? a a Sag Span es nd ti BAIS AEN ne) oa tey emt, 7 Atyhusband ies two tickets othe concer. BulnOd elhty nob coatla lean et C Ona separate sheet of paper, answer each question in a complete sentence. 1Q Led Falun? —_—— expressing your own preference, ¥ 1 What genre of movie do you usually tke? 2, What movie do you want to see this weekend? 3 What would vou like te have for dinner ton ight? 4 Would you rather see a comedy of a horror film? §$ Would you ike torent a DVD oF go to the movies? | OST Lesson 1 Will and be going to ‘Use will or be going to for predictions about the future. The meaning is the same. Wi rain tomorrow. = It's going to rain tomorrow. Use be going to, NOT will, when you already have a plan for the future, ‘A: Are you going to come to class tomorrow? B: No. I'm going to go to the beach instead. NOT No. igo to the beach instead, h ‘ 5 4 ‘ther uses of wit Use will NOT be song to to tatk about the immediate future when you do not already shave a plan. ‘Maybe Il go to the beach ths weekend. NOT Maybe I'm going to go tothe beach this weekend, se wil, NOT be going to to express willingness. "il pay for internet service. but | won't pay for the airport shuttle, (= 7 wing to pay for Internet service, but I'm not wiling to pay forthe airport shuttle.) an, should, and have to: future meaning, {San and should are modals and should never be used with will. ‘oucan use can alone to express future possibilty. Tanorrow morning you can ask the hotel fr 3 rolaway bed. They can't go tothe museum tomorrow. I's closed on Mondays. ‘You can use should alone to express future advice. Youshould visit the Empire State Building next week. Is great owever. you can use will with have to + a base form to express future obligation, Tithave to feave the 2:00 meeting earty. Wewor'thave to make a reservation at a restaurant tonight rences about your plans for the weekend, ‘again, using Ww A Ona separate sheet ‘ng be going to, , GRAMMAR BOOSTER 129 ne—S————— B On a separate sheet of paper, utite five sentences with wil or won't for wilingness ‘OM One al the following topics, > — Topics sands of exercise you're wiling (or not wiling) to do . : re wi ot willing) to eat for breakfast iad a i none i © Complete the sentences, using will or won't with have to. . (she / have to / call) the office before 6:00. (they / have to / reserve) theie tickets by Monday. : van (ave / not have to / cancel) the meeting if Mr. Carson's fight is on time. sasee (1) have to / leave) a message for my boss. (you / not have to / order) room service if sos (ove / have ta / take) a taxi tothe airport. jou arrive before 10:00 Pas, aueuns IMEEM Lesson 2 eee Use the present real conditional to. Seana eae hin ean emer ene gem ‘Hit rains. flights are late. [fact] ‘I you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils. [scientific fact] In present real conditional sentonces, when (or whenever) is atten used instead of if ‘When (or Whenever) it rains, fights are late. When (or Whenever) you heat water to 100 degrees. itbails. | A Onaseparate sheet of paper, write present real conditional sentences. 1 Water (Ireeze) when you (lower) its temperature below zero degrees. 2 Whenever my daughter (take) her umbrella to schaol, she (forget) ta bring it home. 3. She (go) on vacation every August if she (not have) too much work, 4. He (un) in the park if the weather (be) dry. 5 Inmy company, if cashiers (make) 4 mistake, they (repay) the maney. Tee Use the future real conditional to express what you believe wil happen in the future under certain Conditions or 28.2 result of certain actions. Use the simple present tense or the present cf be in the if | Efause, Use a future form (wil or be going to) inthe result clause. = } if goto sleep to late tonight. | won't be able to getup on time. future condition. future result) | If she comes home after 8:00, !'m not going to make dinner. future condition, future result) Remember: Use a comma when the if clause comes first. Don’t use a comma when the if clause comes, at the end of the sentence. 111 see him tell her, (tell ner 1 see him, Don't use a future form in the if claus IHL see him, Fl tel her. NOT tf Lice him, i tell her. NOT W t'm going to see him. i tether, Circle the correct form to complete each future real conditional sentence. 1H they (like / will ike) the movie, they (see / will see) it again : 2.1m going ta tak / talk) to her if she (does /'s going o do) that again. . 3 Htyou (buy / are going to buy) some e995, ! (make / "I make) you an omelet tonight, 4 Wthey (see / will see) Mer tomorros, they (drive / Nl dtive) her home. §§ (Are you going to study / D9 you stud aan i uy offer / wil offer) it nent year? a0 GaAMMan evoster eeF ¢ Ona separate sheet of paper, complete each future real conditional sentence with true information, Use 2 comma yshen the if clause comes first. 1 ifltive to be 100. .. 4 hi go:to ery favorite restaurant next week... 2-My larly will be angry it. 5 T'llbbuy a new smart phone it... 3 don’t practice English every day... 6 Wi tieed new shoes -.. [ED besson The past continuous desribes an action that was continuous uni wich another action took placa. The words when or mile are oes coca ines seat Continuing and completed actions. Hl was talking onthe phone itn the storm began. (continuous action then complete ation) ‘While was ving in Chile got married. (continuous action, then completed acon ‘The past continuous also describes two continuing actions occurring in the same period of time. While she was driving. her husband was reading the newspaper. ‘They were eating. and the music was playing. ‘Ona separate sheet of paper, use the prompts to write logical sentences. Use the past continuous and the simple past tense in each sentence. 1 She / take a test at schoo! / when / she / hear the fire alarm 2 While t/ tatk to my mother on the phone the TV show / start 3 Mr. Park / cook dinner / when / Mrs. Park finish the laundry 4 Mr. Kemp / workin the garden / when / the rain / begin s 6 While / Claudia / pick up / their rental car/ Alex call their hotel Wile / Nancy / shop at the grocery store / she / see / an old friend UE Lesson 2 | Anoun isa word that names a person, a place, or a thing. Nouns are either common or proper. Aman rd he ‘common nouns: car, windshield, doctor. woman, father proper nouns: Martin, Garacas, Carla's Restaurant ‘Two functions of nouns in sentences are subjects and direct objects. The subject performs the action reer oe | Carla's Restaurant serves breakfast all day long. A is or ‘noun, Pronouns also function as subjects and hystga ie tne ore ‘subject pronouns: I. you, he, she. it. we. they ‘object pronouns: me, you. him, her. it. us. them wnt iret beet veer sore J to theaiport. C ) : : GRAMMAR BOOSTER 131,Fost underine te ubject and il he obec oun as either “common” or “proper.” Finally. f (Note: Not every sentence contains a pronoun Proper common tala ve tar) 1 We love big vans 2 The children broke the side-view mirror. 3 Ms voriman picked up the carts moe 4 Rad oes spots cr anti we ove hem: Some and any are indefinite quantifiers. They indicate an indefinite number or amount. (We don't know how many.) ‘They are buying some shaving cream, (We don't know how much) Could | get some naif ies? We're not asking for a specific number of nal files) Do they have any makeup in this store? (We're not asking specifically how much.) Be careful to use some and any correctly with count and non-count nouns: ‘Some: with non-count nouns and plural count nouns in affirmative statoments There are some toothbrushes in ai ‘nen-count noun plural count noun We need some sunscreen and some combs. They have some here. ‘Any: with nor-count nouns and plural count nouns in negative statements plural court un A: She doesn't want any shampoo, and he doesn’t need any nail clippers. on-eount noun 8B: Good! We don’t have ta buy any, then. Ir out of eash. Any oF some: with count and non-count nouns in questions Do they need any toothpaste or sunsereen for the trip? Do we need any razors or tooth brushes? 1 There are some razors next to the sink. 2 Weave some nail clippers. 3 They need some brushes forthe children. 4 She's buying some mascara. B Complete each sentence with some or anv. 1 I don’t need ......... more hand lotion, 2 There isn’t makeup in the bag. 3 Wedon'tsee scissors in the whole store. 4 They need ........ saap to wash their hands. “732 GRANIAR BOOSTER hese sentences neck (4) above On a separate sheet of paper, change these sentences from affirmative to negative, Follow the example, ‘There is some shampoo in the shower. There isn't any shampoo in the shower. Then Label each each pronoun nding a sports cart our minivan. wan drii carat the airport. Jled me about the reservation, 5 Am 6 Ireturned the rental 7 Add Rental Agency Cal ‘Remember: Count nouns name things you tay count individually. They have singular ang, forms (1 nal file. 3 combs), Nonourt eo name things you cannot count in ‘They don't have plural forms. Use cat ‘quantifiers, and other masiters to make fron-count nauns countable. a bottle of shampoo / aftershave a tube of toothpaste / lipstick ‘aber of soap a.can of hairspray / deodorant / shaving cream 250 milters of sunscreen The manicurists need some nesy nail polish. 6 I want some sunscreen on my back. 7 There is some dental floss in aiste 4, 8 They need some deodorant for the trip. ' 5 Itstoo bad that there isn’t toothpaste. 6 I don’t see ........ combs or brushes on those shelves. 7 Umow thadt small files in my bag, Now I can't fedtheeens mo indicates a quantity that is excessive—more Zan neword (hata quanity OF amounts Balisfactory, "a" SO™EON€ wants or needs. Use enough teindcate aay and not too many for count nouns, Lor ‘many customers waiting in tine, too. much and not too much for non-count nouns. eres too much toothpaste on the teothbrush tse enough and not enough for both count and non-count nouns. ‘There's enough shampoo, but there aren't enough razors. (Complete each sentence with 109 many, too much, oF enough 1 Let’ do cur nails. Do we have sv» Mail polish for both of us? 2 This shampoo has perfume. tt smells aveful! 3 Its nota good idea to buy - Mut, We've not going to be home for a few days. 4 This menu has choices. | can’t make up my mind. 5 Check the bathroom shelf to see if we have 6 Udom’tlike when there af occ. 7 There's no way to get a haircut today 8 They don't want to spend . weve: $0ap. Mom and Dad are coming to visit. . brands. | can't decide which ene to buy. “vse People had the same idea! ~-ssenee MOney on makeup. They're trying to save money. Telnaes owe vena se sea! ‘The Cosmetique store has fewer brands of makeup than the Emporium. ‘There's less shampoo in this bottle than in that tube, ‘Complete each sentence with fewer or las, T WHICH C155 RBS aceon sees Studentsmthe early class or the late one? 2 The recipe calls for vos Cheese than | thought. BW haF sieves ingredients. too. 4 Don’t rent from Cars Plus. They have .... .»- kinds of cars than International, 5 The Gineplus has - movies this weekend than usual. 6 Isthere body lotion in the small size or the economy size? Lesson 2 Enea ee ee ‘Use something, nothing. or everything in affirmative statements There's something inthis box, Aicthing can cominge me to get 8 pedicure. Everything isteady. Use anything in negative statements. ‘There isn't anything in the fridge. ‘Use something. amything. or everything in yes / no questions. ‘there srvething we should tatk about? Is anything wrong? Doyou have everything you need? ‘Nothing has the same meaning as not anything. Don't use nothing in negative statements. ‘There isn't anything in the fridge. = There's nothing in the fridge. NOT There isnt nothing tn the fridge, GRAMMAR BOOSTER 133C—O sentences ~—? the correct ingetinite pronaun to complete each {neve to. gota the store to buy (something / anything) Thete is Grometting ! anything) ean do te help, There (everything / anything) you can do to make youre tars {sscPt on the Internet to tnd (something / anything) about how to Use They have (something / anything) that helps wou lose weight. Theres (anything / nothing) that can mace vau look young again. ‘They can't get (anything / nothing) to eal there atter ten o'clock. iia Lesson 1 he ea Choose 1 2 4 een, 4 s 6 ? ‘Use to and usod to express a past habitual action but one that Is no longer true today. Note: The simple past tense cane ‘When ¥ was. kid didn’t use to eat vegetables, Bul now Ido. Saperadaltine wee a ‘Remember: In yes / no questions and negative statements, use use to NOT used t ‘When | was a 4d, | didnt est, ! sed to tay up tate, Now | dont. | stil don today, Ne | didn't use to (NOT used to} get up early. Now | do, Didyou use to (NOT used a} go dancing more often? j A On a separate sheet of paper, change each statement into yes no question. |'used to go running every day. Did you use to go running every day? 1 There used to be a large tre in front of your house, 3. Their grandmother used to put sugar in theirorangejes 2 Mr. and Mrs. Palmer used to go dancing every weekend. 4 Luke used to be very overweight. 5 Ona senavate sheet of paper, use the prompts to wiitefogieal sentences with negative or affirmative farms of use to used to 1 Iason and Trish get tos of exercise, but now they go swvimming every day. 2 Thete ‘be » movie theater o” Smith Street. but now there isn’t, 3 No one / sorry about faty foods, but now most people do, £ Enolisn | be an intemationalanquage but now everyone uses English to communicate around the wert Women in Norah America / «wear pants, but now is very common for them to wear therm, Be used to, oun phrase means tobe accustomed to something. Compare use to / used. with Be used to. Seto / used to | dido’t use tothe spicy food, But now | do, used 1 + base form) "rm usd tote nase now But ot rt eal bohered me (bused to +a noun phrase Setused to + «noun phrase means to become accustomed to something, You'll eet weed tothe new menu altera few days, ‘With be used to, don’t change used in negative statements We wasn’t used to the weather there. NOT He wasn'tuse to. ‘Aroyou used tole here? NOT Are you use to. or questions,peck the sentences in which used to means “accustomed to something.” £21 Wien the schoo! term ended Iwas finally used to the new teacher. 11.2 inourother clas, the teacher used to be very strict, 13 They used to like red meat, but now they don’t. 14 Because we lived in the mountains, we weren't used to fresh seafood. 5 Irmsure she'll get used to her new apartment soon. C16 These shoes used to be comfortable, but now they're too loose, 7 Fmsure she'll get used to wearing high-heeled shoes. ‘white J ifthe sentence is correct. Write Xf itis incorrect and make corrections. 11 Miinever get use to the traffic here, C2 Wedidn’t use to take vacations very often, 03 Ishe use to his new roommate yet? 11 4 Will she ever get use to life in the city? Ci 5 Whatcid you used to do on weekdays when you weren't working? ‘On a separate sheet of paper, write two sentences about something you're used to and two sentences about something you're not used to, a eer bu an also use would + the base form of a verb to describe repeated past actions. In this use, would asthe same meaning as used to. When we were young. our parents would go camping with us. (= used to go camping with vs) With non-action verbs that dont describe repeated ections, wo sed to, not would. {used to have a lot of clothes. NOT I would have aot of cothes. My hometown used to be Data, NOT My hometown sould te Dakar. ltused to be aterble Engish student. NOT | would be a terible Engish student. My friends and {used to hate baseball, NOT My rend and would hate basebafl Ititis possible, complete the sentence with would, If not, use a form of used to. AV They casorsnnenes Qo to the beach every Saturday in the summer, 2 _ havea really large kitchen in my old house. 3 My husband never . ike coftee, but now he can't get enough of it. 4 Almost every evening of our vacation we .. eat ata terilic outdoor restaurant, 5. Before the microwave, people .. heal up soup on the top of the stove, 6 Sigrid bbe a tour guide, but now she'sa professional chet. 7 There ....-- be three or four Italian restaurants in town, but now there aren’t any, GUL Lesson 2 ‘Anower negative yes / no questions the same way 2% you would answer affirmative yes /no questions. WSinsea weston? leat seeriscan? Yes: sheis./ Mo, she ent Dothty have two sons? ‘ee’ theyhave two song? Yes-they do/ No. they don't. n C nscat rf GRAMMAR BOOSTER 135fi ion for your answer.) Answer each Negative question with a short answer, (Use the informatios = & Isn't eremya lawyer? B re He's not a lawyer Doesn't Bab have tio brothers? os - He has wo younger brothers. Haven't you been to Siberia belore? oo Ve never been here belore. ‘Aren't you learning English right now? - -¥'m studying English at the institute, ISN'T Nancy at the movies last night? & 8 & Re & B Ar Wa us She didn’t go-to the movies. /and Tomofumi have a.¢ar? 6 & Don't Sachito They own a minivan, ESSE tesson1 Gerunds {ing form of vet) and infitives (+ base frm) nein ax noun within sentence, Gerunds blect complernants. direet objects, and objects of prepositions. Painting is my tavorite leisure-time activity. (subject) ing. (subject complement: usually follows be) enjoy painting direct abject) "read abook abot the history of panting, object ofthe presaiion of Infinitives Infinitives can be subjects, subject complements, and direct objects, ‘To paint well isa talent. (subject) The only thing he needs isto paint. (ul bject complement: usualy follows be) ‘want to paint. (direct object) Underline the geruncls and circle the iinitves in these sentences, How is each used in the DO ee On te line next to each sentence, site Sfor subject: C tor subject complement, DO for direct object, or OP tor object of a preposition, 1 Lenjoy watching old movies every night an TY. Her greatest dream was to see all of her child What's the point of creating a nice enviconme Avoiding too much pressure helps children My niece plans to study personality éeveio, Lesson2 Rone enn ‘A gerund! can be made negative by using a negative word belora ike mot going to bed too late They complained about never having enough time, en attend college, 1 Only thing that counts? become tess critical, PMENE NEAT semester,