WAT2117C

Internet Programming II

Week 1 – Overview of the .NET

Framework & Programming
with VB.Net
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Overview of the ASP.NET Framework
• ASP.NET and the .NET Framework

• Understanding ASP.NET Controls

• Understanding ASP.NET Pages

• Installing the ASP.NET Framework

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What is ASP.NET?
 Technology that provides services to allow for the creation,
deployment, and execution of Web Applications and Web Services
 Built on .NET Framework: any .NET programming language can be
used (C#, VB.Net)
 Object-oriented model
 Separation of code and UI
 Maintains page state
 Session management
 Support for Caching
 Debugging
 Embedding external libraries in VS
 and much more…
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 ASP.NET Versions
– 1.0 – the initial release (2002)
– 1.1 – included a new version of Visual Studio .NET;
no major changes in ASP.NET (2003)
– 2.0 – a wide array of new ASP.NET features and
functionality, along with many new features in the
.NET Framework; included new versions of Visual
Studio and SQL Server (2005)
– 3.0 / 3.5
– 4.0
– 4.5
– 4.5.1 / 4.5.2
– 4.6,
– 4.6.1
– 4.7.2, 4.8
– Versions: https://goo.gl/VpOkJy 4
Installing VS2013/15/17/19
• Visual Studio can target: [Compatibility]
– ASP.NET 2.0
– ASP.NET 3.0
– ASP.NET 3.5
– ASP.NET 4.0
– ASP.NET 4.5
– ASP.NET 4.5.1, 4.5.2, etc…

– To download and install Visual Studio Community

• https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/downloads/

Select: ASP.NET and Web Development option

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 The Good News…

• Different versions of ASP.NET can run side-

by-side on a Web server.

• You can install both Visual Studio .NET 2002,

2003, 2005, 2010, 2013, 2015 etc.. on the
same machine;
• Along with SQL Server 2000, 2005, 2008, 2012
etc..

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Using HTTP in Web Applications
• This text-based, request-response protocol defines
how web browsers and web servers communicate
with each other:

– HTTP Requests

– HTTP Response

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 Client/Server Architecture for Web Applications

• Let’s “zoom in” on the sequence of a Web request

ZOOM IN

User requests a Web

page…

Internet

End User Web Server

Web server return’s page’s
(Browser) HTML markup…
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 Client/Server Architecture for Web Applications

• IIS receives the request,

examines the extension, and
decides who should handle the
request. ZOOM IN

.asp
Examine ASP Engine
REQUEST Extension

.aspx
ASP.NET Engine

IIS 9
Role of global.asax in Life Cycle Events

• Global.asax file is created at the root directory of the

application.

• This file contains the code to handle application

events.
Sub Application_Start()
…
End Sub
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Project Types for Web Application

• File-based website
• Local IIS HTTP
• Remote IIS HTTP
• FTP

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ASP.NET and the .NET Framework

• To build ASP.NET pages, you need to take

advantage of the features of the .NET
Framework.

• The .NET Framework consists of two parts:

– the FCL and

– the CLR.

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Understanding the Framework Class Library

• The .NET Framework contains thousands of classes that

you can use when building an application.
• The Framework Class Library was designed to make it
easier to perform the most common programming
tasks.
• Here are just a few examples of the classes:

o Random class
o Graphics class
o SmtpClient class
o File class
Imports System.Data
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Understanding the Framework Class Library

• The .NET Framework includes around 18,619 types; 12,909 classes; 401,759
public methods; 93,105 public properties; and 30,546 public events.

• Each class in the Framework can include properties, methods, and events. For
example, here is a partial list of the members of the SmtpClient class:

• Properties
– Host: The name or IP address of your email server
– Port: number of the port to use when sending email message
• Methods
– Send: Enables you to send an email message synchronously
– SendAsync: send an email message asynchronously
• Events
– SendCompleted: Raised when an asynchronous send operation completes

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 Understanding Namespaces
• A namespace is simply a category. For example, all
the classes related to working with the file system are
located in the System.IO namespace.

• All the classes for working a Microsoft SQL Server

database are located in the System.Data.SqlClient
namespace.

• Before you can use a class in a page, you must

indicate the namespace associated with the class.
There are multiple ways of doing this. 15
Understanding Namespaces

• First, you can fully qualify a class name with its

namespace.

• For example, because the File class is contained in the

System.IO namespace, you can use the following
statement to check whether a file exists:

System.IO.File.Exists("SomeFile.txt")

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Understanding Namespaces
• Specifying a namespace each and every time you use
a class can quickly become tedious. A second option
is to import a namespace.

• You can add an <%@ Import %> directive to a page to

import a particular namespace:

<%@ Import Namespace="System.Net.Mail" %>

or
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Imports System.Net.Mail
Understanding Namespaces
• If you discover that you are using a namespace in
multiple pages in your application, then you can
configure all the pages to recognize the
namespace only once.

• A web configuration file is a special type of file

that you can add to your application to configure
your application. 18
Understanding Assemblies
– An assembly is the primary unit for version control,
deployment and security permissions in the .NET
Framework.
– Each assembly is stored as an .exe or .dll file.
– There are two types of assemblies:
private and
shared.
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Understanding the Common Language Runtime

• The second part of the .NET Framework is the Common

Language Runtime (CLR).
• The Common Language Runtime is responsible for
executing the application code.
• When you write an application for the .NET Framework
with a language such as Visual Basic .NET or C#, your
source code is never compiled directly into machine
code.
• Instead, the Visual Basic or C# compiler converts your
code into a special language named CIL.

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Understanding the Common Language Runtime

• When your application actually executes, the CIL code

is "just-in-time" compiled into machine code.

• Normally, your entire application is not compiled from

CIL into machine code. Instead, only the methods that
are actually called during execution are compiled.

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More about CLR
• The CLR manages execution of .NET programs

• It coordinates code execution, security, debugging and other

aspects of the execution process such as memory management

• The CLR includes the Common Type System

– all .NET applications use the same data types regardless of the
programming language used.

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Understanding the ASP.NET Page Structure
An ASP.NET page has:

• Directives
• Server-side Code [optional]
• Layout

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Differentiating In-Line Coding and Code-Behind
Programming
• In-Line coding contains all the code and markup in
a single file.

• The code-behind programming model provides

clean separation between the UI and the server-
side code.

• In addition, the code-behind programming model

adds another file to the web page called the code-
behind page, which contains the server-side code.

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Dynamic Pages: Stateless
• A dynamic page is generated each time it is called

• Nevertheless, the page itself is stateless, i.e., it will not maintain the
value of a variable between each loading of the page

• “State” refers to the values of a variable or object

• Variables in a web page is stateless meaning that they do not
“remember” their previous values
• Methods used to maintain a variable’s state include:
– view state
– session or application state object
– cookie 25
Working with Intrinsic Objects in ASP.NET

• The HttpApplication Object

• The HttpRequest Object
• The HttpResponse Object
• The Session Object
• The Server Object

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Visual Studio IDE

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Demo: welcome.aspx
• Let’s create our first Web page using Visual Studio
1. Modify title of the page
2. Add a heading <h2>
3. Look at the page in Design and Split modes
4. To add controls to the page, you can drag and drop them from the
Toolbox onto the Web Form in Design mode.
Add a Label control from the Toolbox
5. Change ID of the Label control
6. Change some physical properties of the Label control
7. Add a Page_Load event to set the Text property of the Label
control to “Welcome to Visual Studio” (to add in code-behind)

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Demo: welcome.aspx
• Modify the Title property in the Properties window (F4)
• Like the Web Form itself, each control is an object that has
properties, methods and events: change backcolor (black) and
forecolor (yellow) of the Label
• Page Directive <%@ … %>
• AutoEventWireup attribute
• The Label generates a <span> tag

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Demo: Running the Program
• You can view the Web Form several ways.
– You can select Debug > Start Without Debugging, which runs
the application by opening it in a browser window.
– To debug your application, you can select Debug > Start
Debugging (F5) You cannot debug a web application unless
debugging is explicitly enabled by the web.config file.
– To view a specific ASPX file, you can right click either the Web
Forms Designer or the ASPX file name and select View In
Browser.
– Finally, you can run your application by opening a browser
window and typing the web page’s URL in the Address field.
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Demo: Event Handling [datetime.aspx]
• Let’s create another Web page using Visual Studio
1. Add a Button (btnDateTime) and a Label control (lblresult)
2. To create this click event handler, double click the
Button on the Form.
3. Note: an empty event handler is created
4. Set the Text property of the Label control with the current date time.

• To add an event handler, alternatively in markup (aspx) file:

1. Add an onclick=“ " property to the Button control.

2. Choose CreateNewEvent option
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Event Handling
• By convention, the event-handler method name is set to
controlid_eventName (e.g., btnDateTime_Click).

• Each event handler receives two parameters when it is

called:
– An object reference named sender—a reference to the object that generated the
event.
– A reference to an object of type EventArgs, which contains additional
information about the event.

Sub btnDateTime_Click(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As EventArgs)

lblmessage.Text = DateAndTime.Now.ToString()
End Sub 32
Other Ways to Create Event Handlers
• Typically, controls can generate many different types of events.
• Clicking the Events icon (the lightning-bolt icon) in the Properties
window, displays all the events for the selected control.

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Recap

• List and explain two types of assemblies?

• What are the three important parts of an ASP.NET web
page?
• As compared to in-line coding, what are the advantages
of code-behind programming model?
• Give three ways how to invoke namespaces.
• How CLR works?
• What is FCL?
• What do you understand by the term “Stateless”?
• Explain the importance of ViewState in a Web Page and
how it works?
• Name the file used to add configuration in a website.
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