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4 Ideal and Non-Ideal Diode Models

1. An ideal diode acts as a short circuit when forward biased, allowing current to flow, and as an open circuit when reverse biased, blocking current flow. 2. Circuit analysis with diodes involves assuming diode states and checking assumptions, replacing diodes with short or open circuits based on states. 3. Non-ideal diode models include a DC resistance R and cut-in voltage Vγ, with the AC resistance r dependent on operating current and temperature. More accurate models treat diodes as a battery in series with a resistor.

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124 views23 pages

4 Ideal and Non-Ideal Diode Models

1. An ideal diode acts as a short circuit when forward biased, allowing current to flow, and as an open circuit when reverse biased, blocking current flow. 2. Circuit analysis with diodes involves assuming diode states and checking assumptions, replacing diodes with short or open circuits based on states. 3. Non-ideal diode models include a DC resistance R and cut-in voltage Vγ, with the AC resistance r dependent on operating current and temperature. More accurate models treat diodes as a battery in series with a resistor.

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Prince Panja
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Electrical Sciences

Dr. Sudeep Baudha


Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department
BITS Pilani KK Birla Goa Campus
Ideal Diode
• There are many situations in which a
simplified model of a diode can be used for
circuit analysis.
• When ideal diode is forward biased, it acts as
a short circuit.
• When ideal diode is reverse biased, it acts as
an open circuit.
Ideal Diode Behavior
Circuit Analysis With Diodes
• Diodes are non-linear elements. Therefore linear circuit analysis
techniques cannot be directly used.
• First, diodes in the circuit are assumed to be either ON or OFF state
based on educated guess.
• Then, the diodes are replaced by either a short circuit or an open
circuit and the circuit is analyzed using linear techniques.
• If the current through the ON diode is negative, then the
assumption was wrong and analysis is repeated with diode OFF.
• If the voltage across the OFF diode is positive, then the assumption
was wrong and analysis is repeated with diode ON.
• If the current through the ON diode is positive, then the
assumption is correct.
• If the voltage across the OFF diode is negative, then the assumption
is correct.
Example 1 (Rectifier CKT)
Case1: Vs > 0, Assume D is ON
Case 2: Vs <= 0, Assume D is OFF
Result
• Case 1: When Vs > 0, D is ON, Vo = Vs
• Case 2: When Vs <= 0, D is OFF, Vo = 0
• This is half wave rectifier circuit.
Example 2 (Clipper CKT)
• Vs tends to forward bias D
• 3V tends to reverse bias D
When D is ON
When D is OFF

2000
Vo = Vs = (2/3) Vs
2000+1000
D is OFF when v = Vo – 3 < 0
D is OFF when v = (2/3) Vs – 3 < 0
D is OFF when Vs < 4.5 V
Result
• Vo = (2/3) Vs when Vs <= 4.5 V
• Vo = 3 V when Vs > 4.5 V
• This is a clipper circuit
Non-Ideal Diode Models
𝑉𝑄
• DC resistance of the diode is R =
𝐼𝑄
AC Resistance
• Vs = VQ + Vac
• I = IQ + iac
• On i-v characteristics, the current variation is
related to voltage variation approximately by a
straight line if Vac is small.
𝑑𝑖
• The conductance of the diode is g =
𝑑𝑣
1 𝑑𝑣
• The ac resistance of the diode is r = =
𝑔 𝑑𝑖
AC Resistance
AC Resistance
𝑣
• 𝑖 = 𝐼𝑆 (𝑒 𝜂𝑉𝑇 − 1)
𝑣
𝑑𝑖 1
• = 𝐼𝑆 𝑒 𝜂𝑉𝑇
𝑑𝑣 𝜂𝑉𝑇
𝑣
• 𝐼𝑆 𝑒 𝜂𝑉𝑇 = 𝑖 + 𝐼𝑆
𝑑𝑖 𝑖+ 𝐼𝑆
• 𝑔= =
𝑑𝑣 𝜂𝑉𝑇
𝜂𝑉𝑇 𝜂𝑉𝑇
• 𝑟= =
𝑖+ 𝐼𝑆 𝐼𝑄 + 𝐼𝑆
𝜂𝑉𝑇
• 𝑟= for 𝐼𝑄 ≫ 𝐼𝑆
𝐼𝑄
Practice Problem

Find V0 for the CKT


Consider non ideal Si diode with Is = 10 nA at 3000K
IQ = 7.96 mA and VQ = 0.704 V
Solution
Solution
Modeling with Ideal Diode AC
Resistance
• 𝑅𝑓 = AC resistance of a forward biased diode
• The current through a reverse biased diode is
negligible
More Accurate Model
• We can include cut-in voltage 𝑉𝛾 in the diode model.
1
• In this model, 𝑖 = 𝑚𝑣 + 𝑏 where 𝑚 = and 𝑏 = −𝑎
𝑅𝑓
More Accurate Model
𝑣
• 𝑖= −𝑎
𝑅𝑓
1 𝑎
• = (From the slop)
𝑅𝑓 𝑉𝛾
𝑉𝛾
• 𝑎=
𝑅𝑓
𝑣 𝑉𝛾
• 𝑖= −
𝑅𝑓 𝑅𝑓

• 𝑣 = 𝑉𝛾 + 𝑅𝑓 𝑖
More Accurate Model
• A forward biased diode behaves as a series connection of
battery with cut-in voltage and a typical ac resistance of the
diode.
• A reverse biased diode behaves as an open circuit.
• The diode is OFF when 𝑣 ≤ 𝑉𝛾
• The diode is ON when 𝑖 > 0 𝐴

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