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AP Psychology Chapter 1

Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. There are many subfields of psychology including biopsychology, experimental psychology, cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, personality psychology, health psychology, clinical psychology, counseling psychology, educational psychology, school psychology, social psychology, industrial-organizational psychology, consumer psychology, cross-cultural psychology, psychology of women, clinical neuropsychological, forensic psychology, sport and exercise psychology, program evaluation, psychometrics, and human factor psychology. Key figures in the development of psychology include Plato, Aristotle, Rene Descartes, Sir Francis Bacon, John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, Wilhelm Wundt, Edward Titchener, William James, Sigmund Freud,

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355 views2 pages

AP Psychology Chapter 1

Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. There are many subfields of psychology including biopsychology, experimental psychology, cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, personality psychology, health psychology, clinical psychology, counseling psychology, educational psychology, school psychology, social psychology, industrial-organizational psychology, consumer psychology, cross-cultural psychology, psychology of women, clinical neuropsychological, forensic psychology, sport and exercise psychology, program evaluation, psychometrics, and human factor psychology. Key figures in the development of psychology include Plato, Aristotle, Rene Descartes, Sir Francis Bacon, John Locke, Thomas Hobbes, Wilhelm Wundt, Edward Titchener, William James, Sigmund Freud,

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Chris Kim

Psychology Chapter 1

Psychology: scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Types of Psychology:

Biopsychology: relationship between biology and psychology.


Experimental Psychology: studies the process of sensing, perceiving, learning, and
thinking.
Cognitive Psychology: studies higher mental processes.
Developmental Psychology: studies how people grow and change throughout their lives.
Personality Psychology: study change and consistency in personality over time.
Health Psychology: relationship between psychological factors and physical ailments and
disease.
Clinical Psychology: study, diagnose, and treat abnormal behavior.
Counseling Psychology: focus on adjustment problems.
Educational Psychology: focus on educational process.
School Psychology: help student with problems relating to school.
Social Psychology: study how people interact.
Industrial-organizational Psychology: focus on psychology of the workplace.
Consumer Psychology: analysis buying habits and advertisements.
Cross-cultural Psychology: study similarities and differences in psychology between
cultures.
Psychology of Women: focus on women specific issues.
Clinical Neuropsychological: combines biopsychology and clinical psychology.
Forensic Psychology: focuses on legal issues.
Sport and Exercise Psychology: focuses on applications of psychology to sports and
exercise.
Program Evaluation: focus on assessing large-scale programs.
Psychometrics: studies measuring of abilities, attitudes, and traits.
Human Factor Psychology: studies interaction between machines and humans.

Psychology Statistics:
• 3/5 of all Psychologists are male.
• Recent move toward even distribution.
• Most psychologists have Ph.D or a Psy.D
• Psychiatrists have a M.D

The Old Views of Psychology:

Trephining: drilling holes in skull to let evil spirits escape.


Phrenology: reading of personal traits through bumps on head.
Structuralism: focuses on fundamental elements.
• Introspection: people given a stimulus, then asked to describe what they were
experiencing.
Functionalism: focuses on what the mind does.
Gestalt Psychology: focuses on study of how perception is organized. Viewed it as a
whole. “The whole is different from the sum its parts”

Models (Perspectives)
Biological: Everything is explained by Biology, Chemistry, etc.
Psychodynamic: Behavior is motivated by inner forces and conflicts over which the
individual has little awareness and comfort.
Cognitive: How we process information and how our ways of thinking about the world
influence our behavior.
Behavioral: Everything is learned; observable behavior should be the focus.
Humanistic: People are naturally endowed with the capacity to make decisions about
their lives and control their behavior.
• Free Will: Human’s ability to make decisions about ones life.
• Determinism: Many aspects of life are beyond our control.

Psychologists:

Plato: Knowledge is innate. “Nature”.


Aristotle: Knowledge grows from experiences. “Nurture”
Rene Descartes: Nerves, humans are different than everything else, reflexes not
processed in brain.
Sir Francis Bacon: Experiment
John Locke: Tabula Rosa: When we are born we are a blank slate.
Thomas Hobbes: Everything is matter and energy. Consciousness is byproduct.
Wilhelm Wundt: First psychology laboratory.
Edward Titchener:
William James: Leading Functionalist.
Sigmund Freud: Psychodynamic Model.
John Watson: Behavioral Model.
B.F. Skinner: Conditioning.
Carl Rogers: Humanistic Model.
Abraham Maslow: Motivation hierarchy? Primary Needs.

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