TURMERIC

INTRODUCTION

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is native to Asia and India. The tuberous rhizomes or
underground stems of turmeric have been used from antiquity as condiments, a dye and as an
aromatic stimulant in several medicines. Turmeric is a product of Curcuma longa, a rhizomatous
herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the ginger family Zingiberaceae, which is native to
tropical South Asia. As many as 133 species of Curcuma have been identified worldwide. Most
of them have common local names and are used for various medicinal formulations. Some
specific turmeric species are shown in. The turmeric plant needs temperatures between 20°C and
30°C and a considerable amount of annual rainfall to thrive.

Turmeric is very important spice in India, which produces nearly entire whole world’s
crop and consumes 80% of it. Turmeric originated in Southern India and this region continues as
the world's largest producer. Turmeric occupies about 6% of the total area under spices and
condiments in India. Later, it is also cultivated in various parts of Asia and Africa. Turmeric
made its way to Jamaica and it is now cultivated throughout the tropics, including Hawaii and
Costa Rica. The major turmeric producing states are Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Tamil
Nadu. Planting season varies with the area and variety of turmeric. Generally, planting is done
during May – June or July – August. Turmeric is rarely cultivated in pure stand. However, it is
usually grown with other crops. It matures in 7 – 9 months depending on variety of the crop.

Individual plants grow to a height of 1 m, and have long, oblong leaves. Plants are
gathered annually for their rhizomes, and are reseeded from some of those rhizomes in the
following season. The rhizome, from which the turmeric is derived, is tuberous, with a rough and
segmented skin. The rhizomes mature beneath the foliage in the ground. They are yellowish
brown with a dull orange interior. The main rhizome is pointed or tapered at the distal end and
measures 2.5–7.0 cm (1–3 inches) in length and 2.5 cm (1 inch) in diameter, with smaller tubers
branching off. When the turmeric rhizome is dried, it can be ground to a yellow powder with a
bitter, slightly acidic.
 VARITIES

A number of cultivars are available in the country and are known mostly by the name of
the locality where they are cultivated. The cultivated varieties show considerable variation in size
and color of the rhizomes and curcumin content. More than 5 per cent curcumin content and
lemon yellow, orange or orange yellow colored turmeric powder is preferred in the international
market. There are two dominant types of turmeric found on the world market: 'Madras', and
'Alleppey', both named after the regions of production in India. The orange-yellow flesh
Alleppey turmeric is predominantly imported by the United States, where users prefer it as a
spice and a food colorant. Alleppey turmeric contains about 3.5% to 5.5% volatile oils, and 4.0%
to 7.0% curcumin. In contrast, the Madras type contains only 2% of volatile oils and 2% of
curcumin. The Madras turmeric is preferred by the British and Middle Eastern markets for its
more intense, brighter and lighter yellow color. The Patna variety is noted for its deep color. Of
the two types cultivated in Maharashtra, 'Lokhandi' has bright coloured hard rhizomes and the
other has light-colored soft rhizomes. The popular commercial varieties in Andhra Pradesh are
'Duggirala' of Guntur and 'Tekurpeta' which has long, stout, smooth and hard fingers. 'Kasturi
Pasupa' of the Godavari Delta, the 'Armoor' type of the Nizamabad area and the 'Chaya Pasupa'
are the other important varieties of Andhra Pradesh. In Orissa important varieties cultivated are
Roma, Suroma, Ranga and Rasmi. Lakadong variety of ginger is grown in Meghalaya and this
variety is popular for high curcumin content of 5 to 5.05%.

Characteristics

Turmeric is the boiled, dried, cleaned and polished rhizomes of Curcuma longa. The plant
is an herbaceous perennial, 60-90 cm high, with a short stem and tufted leaf. There are 7 to 12
leaves, the leaf sheaths form the pseudo stem. Turmeric is a tropical crop cultivated from sea
level to 1200-meter MSL. It grows in light black, black clayey loams and red soils in irrigated
and rainfed conditions. The crop cannot stand water logging or alkalinity. The lamina is green
above and pale green below and has a length of 30-40 cm and width 8-12 cm. Inflorescence is a
central spike of 10-15 cm length. 1-4 flowers are born in axil of the bract opening one at a time.
About 30 flowers are produced in a spike. Seeds are produced in capsules and there will be one
to numerous sunken capsules in an inflorescence. 

GLOBAL TOP PRODUCER

Turmeric is also cultivated in China, Myanmar, Nigeria and Bangladesh. However, authentic
figures about area and production are not available. Major area is in India which constitutes 82%
followed by China (8%), Myanmar (4%), Nigeria (3%) and Bangladesh (3%).

The global Turmeric market was million USD in 2018 and is expected to million USD by the
end of 2025, growing at a CAGR between 2019 and 2025. The global production of turmeric is
around 11 lakh tonnes per annum. Small-scale food processors, retailers, and ethnic food have a
high presence in developing ethnic food taste in Western Europe. However, large retailers and
multinationals are also increasingly active in this market thereby increasing revenue of global
turmeric market. Growth in spice industry in European Union will continue witnessing growth at
a significant pace. The reason for such escalating growth is increasing the popularity of ethnic
taste in the European region.
 CROP CALENDER
The harvesting of this plant is done when the leaves of this plant start turning yellowish after 7 to
10 months of plantation. Turmeric requires a warm and humid climate. Turmeric is a kharif crop
and requires temperatures between 20°C and 30°C and an annual rainfall of 1500 mm or more.
In India the main sowing season begins from June and extends up to August. It is harvested from
January and ends by March. Arrivals start during February-April period. Turmeric is recognized
as a kharif crop in India. The plantation starts from June and continues till August. The arrivals
of the new crop start coming in January month in Andhra Pradesh and peaking in March due to
strong supplies from Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra. Allepey Finger (Kerala), Erode, Salem
(Tamil Nadu) and Rajapuri (Maharashtra). Among all these, Erode and Rajapuri varieties are the
most popular in international markets as they contain the rich Curcumin content of around 3.5- 4
per cent. Apart from India, it is cultivated in Pakistan, Malaysia, Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand,
Philippines, Japan, Korea, China, Sri Lanka, Nepal, East & West Africa, South Pacific Islands,
Malagasy, Caribbean Islands and Central America. In India, it is cultivated in the States of
Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Kerala
 GRADING

Turmeric is included in the list of spices which must have an Agmark before they
can be exported from India. Three grades of finger turmeric, two of bulb turmeric
and one grade of powdered turmeric are specified, as follows:

 Finger turmeric, other than the Alleppey variety is sub-graded into 'Special'
Good' and 'Fair'.
 Alleppey finger turmeric is sub-graded into 'Good' and 'Fair'.
 Rajapore finger turmeric is sub-graded into 'Special'. 'Good' and 'Fair'.
 The maximum limit for extraneous matter in the prime sub-grades of the
above grades of whole turmeric is 1.0%.
 In the case of Alleppey finger turmeric, which is exported to the United
States, the content of extraneous matter according to the specifications of the
American Spice
 Trade Association is usually less than 0.5%. In the case of the turmeric
powder, the characteristics are more exacting.
 The maximum percentage limits are specified for moisture, total ash, acid
insoluble ash and starch.

The ASIA (1) and FDA (2) chemical and physical specification of turmeric are as follows: (1)
Whole dead insects by count 3; mammalian excreta (mg/lb) 5; other excreta (mg/lb) 5; mould (%
by weight) 3; insect defiled (% by weight) 2.5 (2) volatile oi V curcumin (% min) 5; moisture (%
max) 10; ash (% max) 8; acid insoluble ash (% max) 1.0, average bulk index (mg/100 g) N/A.
CURCUMINOIDS

Curcuminoids are a family of active compounds within turmeric. Curcuminoids are

polyphenolic pigments and include curcumin, dimethoxy-curcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin.
Curcumin is the primary curcuminoid in turmeric and the compound for which most studies have
been done. Although turmeric is thought to possess therapeutic properties, the curcuminoids
complex found in the rhizome of turmeric contains only 2.5-6% curcumin. Curcumin
compromises approximately 77% of the curcuminoid content. To state this differently, it is
understood that curcumin is the most abundant curcuminoid. It is also the most studied
curcuminoid. Curcuminoids are only a small fraction of the turmeric rhizome and the rhizome is
only one part of the plant. Unless explicitly stated that there is a different ratio of curcuminoids,
it is assumed that the natural ratio of 77% curcumin, 17% dimethoxy curcumin and 3%
bisdemethoxycurcumin with variances is maintained in a commercial product. This provides
context to the conversation about using these plants in clinical practice.

TURMERIC OIL

Turmeric essential oil is extracted from the roots of turmeric plant and just like turmeric powder;
it has anti-allergic, anti-bacterial, anti-microbial, anti-fungal and anti-parasitic qualities. It is also
loaded with antioxidants. Learn how you can use turmeric essential oil in your beauty regimen.
The essential oils to be diluted with carrier oils before applying on the skin or hair. Mix it with a
carrier oil like coconut, olive, jojoba or apricot oil before using.

OLEORAISIN

Turmeric Oleoresin is the concentrated product which is obtained by extraction of the dry spices.
The extraction is done by using an organic solvent or solvent 'mixture like ethylene chloride,
acetone, alcohol and hexane. Oleoresin represents the complete flavour of the concentrated fresh
spice. It contains volatile as well as non-volatile constituent of the spice. The residual solvent in
the Turmeric oleoresin should be below 30 ppm. Oleoresin cannot be used directly because it is
too concentrated and is dispensed. But oleoresin can be used directly in the fatty products like
processed meat, fish cheese, baked food and vegetables. Oleoresin has greater heat stability than
essential oil.
 USES

Turmeric is used to flavour and to colour foodstuffs. It is a principal ingredient in curry powder.
Turmeric oleoresin is used in brine pickles and to some extent in mayonnaise and relish
formulations, non-alcoholic beverages, gelatins, butter and cheese etc. The colour curcumin
extracted from turmeric is used as a colourant. It is used in the preparation of medicinal oils,
ointments and poultice. It is stomachic, carminative, tonic, blood purifier and an antiseptic. It is
used in cosmetics. The aqueous extracts have biopesticidal properties.

Turmeric is used in diversified forms starting from antiquity as dye, condiment, as a

principal ingredient in Indian culinary as curry powder, as flavouring agent and to colouring
agent. The colour of curcumin extracted from turmeric is used as a colorant. The in-demand for
natural products as food additives makes turmeric an ideal produce as food colourant. Turmeric
oleoresin is used in pickles, to some extent in mayonnaise, relish formulations, in non-alcoholic
beverages, gelatins, butter and cheese etc. It is all due to its original usage as a spice. Turmeric is
also used as a dye in textile industry, in cosmetics, preparation of medicinal oils, ointments and
poultice. It is stomachic, carminative, tonic, blood purifier and antiseptic.

The aqueous extracts have bio pesticide properties. It is part of Indian culture which is
used in many religious observances and it enters in the composition of many traditional
remedies. 169 It is used mainly as a preservative in pickles, chutneys, squashes and ketchups. It
is also used in pharmaceuticals, ayurvedic medicines and antiseptic creams. Recent medical
research demonstrations in the anticancer, antiviral activities of Turmeric increased its demand.
It is reported that about 80% of turmeric produced in India is consumed for domestic kitchen use
in food preparations, 8% at hotels and tourist complexes, 6% in manufacturing of
pharmaceuticals, cosmetic products and ayurvedic medicines and 6% being exported in various
forms.
 MAJOR PRODUCTION STATES

2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 (Adv. Est)

STATE Productio Productio Productio Productio
Area Area Area Area
n n n n

TELANGANA 50580 305100 50150 294560 53100 345270 48000 312000

KARNATAKA 19330 114510 19340 122760 26579 153770 26905 150000

TAMIL NADU 35800 129560 18080 73130 23461 79844 23460 90220
ANDHRA 19180 79730 19620 79730 20359 85500 17800 80100
PRADESH
WEST BENGAL 18000 45500 17450 44700 17747 45460 17731 45220
ORISSA 27860 43600 27870 43610 27869 43615 27866 43610
MAHARASHTR 14050 44940 15760 38590 17224 38310 15342 40140
A
MIZORAM 7480 28890 7740 29820 7738 29820 7650 29510
ASSAM 16800 16750 16870 20790 15896 19395 17629 22830
GUJARAT 3710 14630 4010 15780 4425 17386 4047 15930
HARIYANA 1500 4400 830 2180 921 2195 1083 2930

Total including 24763 23163 25340 24595

925270 863460 959797 938955
others 0 7 6 8
Major production states.

The important turmeric growing States in India are Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu,
Orissa, Maharashtra, Assam, Kerala, Karnataka and West Bengal. Telangana and Andhra
Pradesh together occupy 50% of the total area followed by Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and
Mahrashtra.
Major consumption states

Turmeric is consumed in forms of powder, used in cooking and as oleoresin in medicinal

industry. In India most of the turmeric is consumed as powder, especially in the southern states.
The famous varieties of turmeric are Raja pore, Salem, Desi Cuddapah, Erode and Nizamabad.
Turmeric finds an important place in the cuisine of all Indian states because of vivid colouring
characteristic and for its taste.

Fundamentals

India is the largest producer of turmeric in the world. Indian turmeric is considered to be the best
in the world market because of its high curcumin content. Fresh turmeric arrival in India starts
from mid-January and continues till June. Stored produce is available throughout the year.
Turmeric crop takes 180 – 200 days to mature and needs another 10-15 days of on farm post-
harvest activities to make the turmeric acceptable for consumption. Sowing of turmeric starts
from mid-June to October.

India is the largest Producer, Consumer and Exporter of turmeric. Indian Turmeric is considered
to be of best quality due to its high curcumin content and is increasingly getting known for its
medicinal and cosmetic applications. As it is a naturally occurring product, it is finding
increasing acceptance in the global markets because of which exports have increased
exponentially in recent years and this trend is most likely to continue in future. Majority of the
Turmeric produced is consumed locally which reflects a healthy local demand.
 EXPORT TRENDS

TURMERIC FRESH (Value in Lacs and Quantity in Kgs)

VALUE QUANTITY
YEAR EXPORT EXPORT
2019 3,539.19 3895.61
2018 11,868.75 15183.53
2017 3,354.16 3856.25
2016 10,865.54 12139.22
2015 5,097.70 5043.91
2014 3,742.94 4585.89
2013 1,769.73 1910.39
2012 2,057.80 3404.11
2011 4,366.22 5144.61
2010 5,386.47 4569.58

TURMERIC FRESH 15183.53

YEAR 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010

12139.22
11868.75

10865.54

5386.47

5144.61
5043.91
5097.7

4585.89

4569.58
4366.22

3895.61

3856.25
3742.94
3539.19

3404.11
3354.16

1910.39
2057.8
1769.73

VALUE QU AN T IT Y
TURMERIC DRIED

VALUE QUANTITY

YEAR EXPORT EXPORT

2019 62,022.37 83,287.36
2018 59,116.54 71,360.11
2017 47,749.46 58,332.32
2016 53,003.13 55,978.07
2015 39,856.56 42,183.97
2014 32,792.30 44,216.30
2013 28,120.95 39,135.87
2012 21,051.98 38,581.82
2011 36,732.17 46,824.90
2010 35,107.64 28,668.50

TURMERIC DRIED
83,287.36

YEAR 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010
71,360.11
62,022.37

59,116.54

58,332.32

55,978.07
53,003.13
47,749.46

46,824.90
44,216.30
42,183.97
39,856.56

39,135.87

38,581.82
36,732.17

35,107.64
32,792.30

28,668.50
28,120.95

21,051.98

VALUE QUANTITY
TURMERIC POWDER

VALUE QUANTITY
YEAR EXPORT EXPORT
2019 47,974.02 42,136.01
2018 52,115.43 42,862.06
2017 48,142.81 40,890.72
2016 54,299.79 44,046.92
2015 40,853.88 33,469.31
2014 31,474.40 31,456.81
2013 27,087.20 26,846.42
2012 25,733.73 36,752.63
2011 33,890.21 37,855.64
2010 31,235.37 30,060.06

TURMERIC POWDER
YEAR 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010
54,299.79
52,115.43

48,142.81
47,974.02

44,046.92
42,862.06
42,136.01

40,890.72
40,853.88

37,855.64
36,752.63
33,890.21

33,469.31
31,474.40

31,456.81
31,235.37

30,060.06
27,087.20

26,846.42
25,733.73

VALU E QUANTITY
 IMPORT TRENDS (Value in Lacs and Quantity in Kgs)

TOP IMPORTERS
India $42.8 Mn
United States $34.1 Mn
Iran $23.2 Mn
Germany $14.2 Mn
United Kingdom $13 Mn

TURMERIC FRESH
YEAR VALUE QUANTITY
2019 ₹3,895.61 -
2018 ₹15,183.53 -
2017 ₹3,856.25 -
2016 ₹12,139.22 -
2015 ₹5,043.91 84
2014 ₹4,585.89 221.75
2013 ₹1,910.39 185.73
2012 ₹3,404.11 -
2011 ₹5,144.61 -
2010 ₹4,569.58 167
 YEAR VALUE QUANTITY
2019 ₹24,483.78 28,451.73
2018 ₹29,779.41 30,782.72
2017 ₹18,293.14 16,986.81
2016 ₹16,312.79 13,702.91
2015 ₹13,936.11 14,258.16
2014 ₹8,015.16 9,040.86
2013 ₹4,912.12 5,486.45
2012 ₹2,175.74 2,522.75
2011 ₹2,311.59 1,813.67
2010 ₹3,058.13 2,734.93

TURMERIC DRIED

TURMERIC DRIED
YEAR 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010
30,782.72
29,779.41

28,451.73
24,483.78

18,293.14

16,986.81
16,312.79

14,258.16
13,936.11

13,702.91

9,040.86
8,015.16

5,486.45
4,912.12

3,058.13

2,734.93
2,522.75
2,311.59
2,175.74

1,813.67

V A L UE Q UA NTI TY
TURMERIC POWDER

YEAR IMPORT IMPORT

2019 ₹142.03 96.94
2018 ₹189.55 108.92
2017 ₹136.61 3.47
2016 ₹31.13 1
2015 ₹31.59 -
2014 ₹0.31 200
2013 ₹8.3 -
2012 ₹38.38 12.26
2011 ₹65.79 2.8
2010 ₹9.69 0.13

TURMERIC POWDER
YEAR 2019 2018 2017 2016 2015 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010
189.55

200
142.03

136.61

108.92
96.94
65.79
38.38
31.59
31.13

12.26
9.69

3.47
8.3
0.31

0.13
2.8
1

VALUE QU AN T IT Y
 VALUE AND SUPPLY CHAIN ANALYSIS

SUPPLY CHAIN

The Supply Chain of the turmeric mainly starts with the;

Input Suppliers: - Seed is the major input in turmeric cultivation. Most farmers use their own
seed and rarely procure seed from markets such as. Manure, fertilizers, pesticides and labor are
sourced from the nearby places. Manure is another important input whose availability is
dwindling due to lesser number of animals being maintained by farmers than previously.

Farmers: - Most farmers cultivate turmeric for commercial purpose. Apart from commercial
motive, there is a ‘sentiment’ associated with turmeric cultivation. The farmers usually supply
dry turmeric which is processed at farm to local traders at nearby regulated markets.

Local Aggregators: - Small traders residing in the same village or neighboring villages are
involved in turmeric aggregation. They are frequent visitors to wholesale markets and deal with
farmers and commission agents. Generally, they deal with small quantity and sell at nearby
markets as farmers. They are aware of price information and try to take advantage of the price
arbitrage and offer a ‘better price’ for the small lots.

Commission Agents: - In major markets like commission agents play a crucial role and act as a
conduit between farmers and traders. The role of commission agents starts much ahead of
harvest of produce. At times commission agents provide credit to farmers and this is one
probable reason for the farmers to depend on them heavily during the disposal of produce at the
market.

Local traders: - In one of a market, 20-25 traders deal with approximately 71000 MT of
turmeric during the harvest season starting from end of February to May. In turn, the local
traders deal with 70 odd commission agents during the harvest season for their trading needs.
Produce from other catchment areas in a state are also brought to main market by aggregators or
group of farmers for better price realization.

Exporters: - Traders in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh
source produce from local traders. Traders from Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh deal for bulb
of Turmeric while those from Gujarat deals with finger Turmeric. Most exporters deal with
traders in Japan, Europe, Middle East and North America, which are major export destinations
for turmeric.

Processors: - The major processed product of turmeric is turmeric powder which is mostly used
for culinary purposes. Turmeric powder is also used for rituals, as a cosmetic and in medicines.
Most processors are involved in three major spice commodities i.e. chilli, turmeric and coriander
which enables them to run the mills all through the year, thus optimizing establishment costs.
Most processors are of the opinion that standalone turmeric mills would not be economically
viable. Curcumin and oleoresin extraction processing units are not present in Telangana;
however, there is a growing awareness about value added products among local traders.

VALUE CHAIN

Turmeric cultivation has a sentimental value due to the color, medicinal and culinary value and
its usage in religious rituals. In some parts of the state it is considered analogous to gold due to
the beneficial value it imparts. Turmeric is an essential ingredient of cooking in Indian homes
and is an essential part of the kitchen. Apart from this aspect, turmeric is considered to be
profitable crop provided market conditions are ‘favorable’. It is a crop which engages the farmer
for 10 months of the year and provides a support system. However, of late there is a perception
among farmers that cost of cultivation is on the rise. The same has been presented in the section
dealing with cost of production of wet and dry turmeric.

The turmeric value chain involves functions such as input supply, production,
aggregation, processing, trading and exporting. The major inputs in turmeric are seed, organic
manure, fertilizers and pesticides apart from credit and insurance support. Technical knowhow
and improved practices are inputs provided by the State Horticulture Department through
Horticulture Extension Officers and Horticulture Officers. Turmeric Research Station, involved
in research for improvement of turmeric cultivation practices. Most farmers produce turmeric for
commercial purpose and the concept of turmeric for seed material is not prevalent in the study
area. Primary processing at household level, involves harvesting, cleaning, separation of
rhizomes, boiling and drying in order to make dried turmeric.

Commercial processing is usually done in major market centers. Trading usually consists
of collection, local trading and regional or national trading. Some traders and processors are also
involved in export of fingers which are converted into value added products such as curcumin,
essential oil and oleoresin. The product reaches the domestic consumers through wholesalers and
retailers.
 MAJOR TURMERIC MARKETS IN INDIA

Catchment areas of Turmeric Market

STATES DISTRICTS BLOCKS

Adilabad Boath, Mudhol, Nirmal, Utnur, Sirpur, Chinnur, Lakshettipet,

Dubak, Mirdoddi, Siddipet, Sadaseopet, Zanirabad,

Medak,
Sangareddi, Narsapur,

ANDHRA Nizamabad Madnur, Bodhan, Banola, Banswada, Kamareddi,Yellareddi,

PRADESH
Piduguralla, Prattipadu, Ponnuru, Pallapatla, Repalle,
Guntur
Manglagiri, Puru, Vinukonda, Durgi.

Jammalamdugu, Proddatur, Muddanaru, Kamalapuram,

Cuddapah
Lakkireddipalle, Rajampet, Rayachoti, Koduru.

Kapadwanj, Balasinor, Tharsa, Madhudha, Mehmedabad,

Kheda
Matar

Sojitra, Umrath, Khambhat, Borsad, Sarsa, Tarapur, Undel,

GUJRAT Anand
Vadtl

Khedbrahma, Vijaynagar, Vadali, Idar, Bhiloda, Himatnagar,

Sabarkantha
Prantij, Meghraj, Malpur, Bayad, Dhansura.

Thavinhal,Valatl,Hatika,Puthady,Kalpetta,Chegual,Thariode,
Wayanad
Vallarimela,Koltappadi,Vayittri.

Tudikki, Mukkali, Korgad, Pallavur, Chittadi, Mudarachal,

Palakkad
Parambikolam, Elattodu, Kollangod, Naitala, Chittu
KERALA
Idukki Painavu, Nadunkandam, Devikulam, Todupulai, Piramad.

Kollam Tekku, Todi, Karupra, Veliyam, Kanur, Anchal, Pallinam

Chekkiad,Valayam,Mariyur,Kottur,Pudipaddi,Vavad,
Kozhikode
Kuruvattur, Mavur, Olavanna.
 Paramatti, Muntipalavau, Thantoni, Mayanur, Panjapatti,
Karur
Kadavur, Kulittatai, Kadavur, Kulittatai, Krishnarayapuram

Avalurpettai,Gingee,Sankarapuram,Kallakkurichchi,
Villupuram
Ulundurpettai, Tirukkovilur, Vlundurpetti, Vanum,Vallam
TAMIL
NADU Muttuppalaiyam,
Coimbatore
Avinashi,Tiruppur,Palladam,Udumallaippettai,Pollac

Mettur, Yercaud, Idappadi, Omalpur, Attur, Gangavalli,

Salem
Sankagiri

Dharmapuri Pennagaram, Harur, Pappireedipatti, Palakkodu, Pochampalli

Kalahandi Dharamgarh, Bhawanipatna, Lanjigarh, Jayapatna

ORISSA
Kotapad, Boriguma, Jaypur, Machhakund, Nandapur,
Koraput
Singpuru,Bagra, Rayisingi, Jalaput, Gupteshwar.

Mayurbhanj Hemagiri, Banel, Panposh, Raj Gangpur,

Concentrated pockets of turmeric in India

State Districts

Andhra Pradesh Cuddapah, Adilabad, Medak, Nizamabad, Guntur

Gujarat Kheda, Anand, Sabarkantha

Kerala Wayanad, Palakkadu, Idukki, Kollam,Kozhikode

Karur,Villupuram, Coimbatore, Salem, Dharmapuri,

Tamil Nadu
Krishnagri, Erode

Gajapati, Kalahandi, Keonjhar, Koraput, Belasore,

Orissa
Mayurbhanj, Phulbani, Nayagarh, Cuttack.
 TOP EXPORTER FROM INDIA

There is a strong research support for cultivation of turmeric on scientific lines, as Indian
Institute of Spices Research is located in Callicut and also State Agricultural Universities
in various states.

More than 80% of turmeric is cultivated in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu states.

APEDA has sanctioned an Agri Export Zone for turmeric in Orissa state to enhance
export of turmeric from the state
Turmeric is exported to over 129 countries. In the year 2019-20, India has
exported Turmeric worth of 117.74 USD million. The total volume of export in 2019-20
was around 99.45,890. India has monopoly in turmeric trade at world level. Although India is
the largest producer of turmeric in the world (846700 tons) but it exported only 6% of the total
production.

OLAM AGRO INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED, HARYANA

LAXMI ENTERPRISES, MAHARASHTRA
ASIAN FOOD INDUSTRIES, GUJRAT
KRISHNA TRADERS, WEST BENGAL
AVT MCCORMICK INGREDIENTS PVT. LTD., TAMIL NADU
NEDSPICE PROCESSING INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED, KERALA
UNIQUE FRAGRANCES, NEW DELHI
JAY BHOLE SHANKAR STORES, BIHAR
TEXTON EXIMS PRIVATE LIMITED, ANDHRA PRADESH
YOGITA AGRO FOOD PRODUCTS CO, ASSAM
LANCO AGRO FOODS INDIA PVT. LTD., TAMIL NADU
GURUKRUPA TRADING, GUJRAT
ALLANASONS PRIVATE LIMITED, MAHARASHTRA
EASTERN CONDIMENTS PVT LTD, KERALA
SUPRIYA CORN PRODUCTS PVT LTD, TELANGANA
 DESTINATIONWISE EXPORT
Quantity (in ‘000 MT)

Country 2017 2018

IRAN 12130 8794

UAE 6818.03 5463
MALAYSIA 5677.89 4780.01
U.S.A 4267.82 3729.85
SRILANKA 4186.95 3303.25
SAUDI ARABIA 3455 3158.17
U.K 2867 2662.17
SPAIN 2756 2511.35
JAPAN 2690.17 2527.08
SOUTH AFRICA 2423 1825.68
Others 31087.12 31741.75
TOTAL 78358.98 70496.31
 CERTIFICATION

Under organic farming, processing methods also should be based on mechanized,

physical and biological processes to maintain the vital quality of organic ingredient
throughout each step of its processing. All the ingredients and additives used in
processing should be of agriculture origin and certified organic. In cases where an
ingredient of organic agriculture origin is not available in sufficient quality or
quantity, the certification programme authorizes use of non-organic raw materials
subject to periodic re-evaluation.
Labelling should clearly indicate the organic status of the product as “produce of
organic agriculture” or a similar description when the standards requirements are
fulfilled. Moreover, organic and non-organic products should not be stored and
transported together except when labelled or physically separated.
Certification and labelling are usually done by an independent body to provide a
guarantee that the production standards are met. Govt. of India has taken steps to
have indigenous certification system to help small and marginal growers and to
issue valid organic certificates through certifying agencies accredited by APEDA.
The inspectors appointed by the certification agencies will carry out inspection of
the farm operations through records maintained and by periodic site inspections.
Documentation of farm activities is must for acquiring certification especially
when both conventional and organic crops are raised. Group certification
programmes are also available for organized group of producers and processors
with similar production systems located in geographical proximity
 ALLEPY FINGER TURMERIC

Allepy finger turmeric is the original genuine high curcumin turmeric. It is very
popular in the US and other countries and has curcumin percentages of min.5%.
This generic variety of turmeric is grown only in Kerala state.

Alleppey turmeric is much darker in colour. Its curcumin content on average at 5%

and may be as high as 6.5%, making it a more effective colouring agent with
superior fresh turmeric flavor notes. Alleppey turmeric more closely resembles the
flavor of fresh turmeric and has a somewhat earthy aroma with surprisingly
delicate top notes of lemon and mint, reminiscent of its cousin, ginger. The texture
is 'oily' due to the higher curcumin content, and when blending with other spices
we suggest sieving it through a small strainer to prevent clumping.

It's used in the Moroccan spice mix, and found in most South Indian cooking.
Turmeric pairs well with ginger and also goes well with seafood, to help mask that
overly fishy, ammonia taste. Its name comes from the port of Alleppey in South
India where the turmeric was originally traded.
 GLOBAL DEMAND OF CURCUMIN

According to the report published by Allied Market Research, the global curcumin

market generated $57.42 million in 2017, and is estimated to reach $104.19 million by 2025,
registering a CAGR of 8.9% from 2018 to 2025. The global curcumin market size was valued at
USD 58.4 Million in 2019 and is expected to witness a CAGR of 12.7% over the forecast period.
This growth in demand is aligned to its inherent anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory
properties, which is promoting its use across end-user industries. Curcumin also finds wide
applicability in skin care applications, including prevention of ring worm, eye infection, leech
bites, sore skin, bruising, and swelling, which should in turn drive demand for the product over
the forecast period.

Curcumin is proven to have significant health benefits along with the potential to prevent
various diseases including Alzheimer’s, coronary heart diseases, and cancer.  Shift observed in
consumer trends and rising awareness towards the benefits of using organic and natural
ingredients in medical, cosmetic, and food applications should propagate demand over the
forecast timeframe of 2020 to 2027.

Various researchers are also underway to use different nanoparticles, such as

dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, and nanogels as vehicles to deliver curcumin in the
treatment of cancer and therapy of various neurological diseases.
Curcumin also has significant usage in tissue engineering and companies are increasingly
focused on to further invest in its research to extrapolate its usage in the pharmaceutical industry
majorly due to its non-toxicity. Consumers in developed economies are made well aware of these
research findings and hence further growth avenues can be anticipated from the countries
including U.S., Denmark, and Germany. Curcumin finds substantial application scope in
cosmetics, food, pharmaceutical, textiles, and dye-sensitized PV technology. This, in turn, is
anticipated to drive the curcumin market over the forecast period.
Rising consumer awareness regarding the underlying benefits of using Curcumin along
with consumer inclination for organically produced products should bolster its market size in the
forecast timeframe. The food application segment accounted for USD 21.4 Million in 2019 and
is expected to reach USD 52.0 Million by 2027 at a CAGR of 11.7% during the projected
timeframe. This rise of Curcumin demand in food applications can be attributed to its wide
applicability as food additives owing to its ability to inhibit arachidonic acid metabolism
The industry in the Asia Pacific is anticipated to witness strong gains during the forecast period,
accounting for a growth rate of 13.4%.
In North America, the market for curcumin accounted for the highest share in 2019 with a
revenue percentage of 50.9%. The industry in Europe is expected to witness the highest CAGR
of 14.2% during the forecast period. The region also accounts for the second largest market share
in terms of volume and this can be attributed to the huge personal care and cosmetics industry
present in countries including Germany, Italy, and Spain.

  ESTIMATION DETAILS
Market Size in 40 Million
Base Year: 2016
2016: (USD)

Forecast Period: 2019 to 2024

Forecast Period
2024 Value 100 Million
2017 to 2024 11%
Projection: (USD)
CAGR:

CURCUMIN DEMAND BY APPLICATION

Pharmaceutical applications dominate the global curcumin market share. Positively

outlook owing to vigorous research & development is expected to fuel the product usage
up to 2024. It is widely used in ayurvedic medicines in southeast Asian countries owing
to its anti-inflammatory properties. Growing consumer health consciousness due to the
prevalence of non-communicable & chronic diseases accompanied by consumer
inclination towards use of products with natural ingredients will boost the demand for
ayurvedic medicines.
 Food application is projected to account for over 40% share in total curcumin market by
2024. It is used in several foods & beverages such as tea and refreshments. It is popularly
used for food preparations owing to its pungent & earthy smell, and bright colour.
Growing demand for multiple and versatile food options owing to the changing consumer
preferences and lifestyle will support the business expansion. Exceptional properties of
curcumin such as antimicrobial nature aids in food preservation, increasing the shelf life.

Cosmetics applications is expected to grow at over 12% CAGR up to 2024. Use of

cosmetic products on a daily basis to protect the skin from the harsh environment and
harmful radiations from the sun is driving the demand for cosmetic products. The product
contains antioxidants the counter the rapidly ageing process developed due to intense
pollution and stress levels. Increasing use of curcumin extracts in cosmetics application
will propel the demand for the product in the forecasted time period.
 TURMERIC PRICE TRENDS (₹/quintal) 2019

STATES January February March April May June

Andhra Pradesh 5486.67 5142.01 5294.43 5644.78 5763.62 5541.76
Chhattisgarh 8042.21 6357.46 8772.41 6573.62 10000 6000
Gujarat 10000 9388.83 9000 9000 9000 9000
Karnataka 6060.54 6675.19 6290.04 6153.97 6101.2 6674.17
Kerala 10431.81 10112.12 10626.57 10172.29 8654.49 10264.19
Madhya Pradesh 5400 5374.79 6098.27 7298.51 6214.85 3048
Maharashtra 7743.77 9201.3 8591.16 8889.89 7732.35 6065.55
Meghalaya -- 6152.63 3500 14094.74 3878.95 2920
Odisha 5972.86 5873.7 6265.01 5408.27 6907.07 6343.71
Tamil Nadu 6228.17 6018.34 6614.61 6027.45 6517.47 6381.88
Telangana 5332.82 4958.36 5565.8 5083.09 5575.27 5515.8
Uttar Pradesh 3859.15 2556.64 5907.22 1872.52 5170.83 11346.94
West Bengal 7352.69 7385.94 6497.13 6956.49 6541.63 6527.78

Septembe Novembe Decembe

July August October
STATES r r r
Andhra Pradesh 5427.67 5585.28 5444.04 5208.72 5374.13 5346.61
Chhattisgarh 7000 6000 6000 6000 5000 6000
Gujarat 10000 9000 9796.18 11244.29 -- --
Karnataka 6059.89 6567.29 8661.26 6474.32 6042.15 6229.31
Kerala 10542.86 10094.74 10185.03 9877.78 9611.76 9365.96
Madhya Pradesh 5964.86 9000 6700 -- 9000 7600
Maharashtra 6550.71 6358 4763.31 5895.61 6019.67 5815.75
Meghalaya 8838.71 3500 11051.28 3000 3278.95 --
Odisha 6651.14 6770.97 5925 5900 5900 3664.71
Tamil Nadu 6495.5 6502.29 6265.35 6256.86 6179.68 5890.69
Telangana 5490.76 5286.66 4911.72 5068.5 -- 5416.43
Uttar Pradesh 11130.95 11152.36 9844.46 10233.17 10347.45 10294.93
West Bengal 6538.72 6371.57 6380.84 6478.66 6677.51 6997.43
 PRICE TRENDS (First 6 month)
70000

60000

50000

40000

30000

20000

10000

January February March April May June

PRICE TRENDS (Last 6 month)

70000

60000

50000

40000

30000

20000

10000

July August September October November December

BALANCE SHEET